Intermittent pneumatic sequential compression of the lower extremities restores the cerebral oxygen saturation during laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Background Pneumoperitoneum causes intracranial pressure elevation and blood stasis at lower extremities. This study investigates cerebral oxygen saturation changes during laparoscopy and the effects of intermittent sequential compression (ISC) of the lower extremities in patients during elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Patients and method Sixty patients were randomly divided into two groups according to the application of ISC to the lower extremities. Group I served as control group whereas ISC was applied to group II. Cerebral oxygen saturation, peripheral blood oxygen saturation, heart rate, mean blood pressure, and associated changes have been recorded during the operation. Results Peripheral blood oxygen saturation and mean blood pressure values did not change significantly after pneumoperitoneum. Cerebral oxygen saturation levels of the group II patients were higher in than the group I patients and the difference between the groups was statistically significant (p = 0.0001). The difference became more prominent following the 35^th minute of the operation. Mean heart rate of the patients in group II was lower than the patients in group I and the difference was also statistically significant (p = 0.0001). Conclusion In this study, it was found that the decrease in cerebral oxygen saturation was recovered with ISC application. This simple and reliable technique helps to restore cerebral oxygen saturation levels while increasing blood return from the lower extremities.     

微创下中空加压螺钉内固定治疗锁骨骨折

目的探讨微创手术治疗锁骨中段骨折的方法及效果。方法对23例锁骨骨折采用微创下中空加压螺钉内固定治疗。结果所有患者均获随访,随访时间5～16个月(平均6.7个月)。X线示骨折愈合,愈合时间6～8周(平均6.6周),无畸形或延期愈合及并发症发生,外观良好,患者满意。结论微创下中空加压螺钉内固定治疗锁骨骨折是一种损伤小、操作简单、疗效优良的手术方法。     

阿司匹林对大鼠脊髓损伤细胞凋亡的保护作用

目的 观察阿司匹林对大鼠慢性压迫性脊髓损伤后神经细胞凋亡及神经功能恢复的影响。方法选择65只体重为220～250g的Wistar大鼠（雌雄不限），于T10部位置入后路渐进式压迫装置，制作成慢性压迫性脊髓损伤模型。随机分为阿司匹林治疗组（A组，30只）、生理盐水对照组（B组，30只）和假手术组（C组，5只）。应用原位末端脱氧核糖核苷酸转移酶介导dUTP标记技术，分别于慢性压迫性脊髓损伤后1、3、7、14、28d做行为学评价，并取材对脊髓损伤区进行细胞凋亡检测。结果A、B组均发现细胞凋亡，A组与B组细胞凋亡率相比差异有显著性（P〈0．05），A组与B组行为学评价相比差异有显著性（P〈0．05），神经细胞凋亡情况与运动功能改变具有相关性。结论 阿司匹林对慢性脊髓压迫损伤后所导致的神经细胞凋亡产生抑制作用。     

腰神经后外支卡压症针刀手术入路研究

目的研究腰神经后外支卡压症的解剖学机制以及针刀治疗腰神经后外支卡压症的手术入路.方法在15具成年尸体的腰背部解剖观测腰神经后外支及其通过的腰椎横突背骨纤维管的解剖结构,并进行骨纤维管的表面解剖测量.结果测得腰神经后外支直径1.07±0.17mm;腰神经横突背骨纤维管的横径2.13～3.92mm,纵径1.08～1.97mm,后外支骨纤维管距体表深度34.17～41.64mm,骨纤维管长轴与后中线夹角约40°～50°.结论(1)在正常情况下腰椎横突背骨纤维管有制约保护腰神经后外支的作用,但在损伤变形后却成为腰神经后外支卡压症主要致病因素.(2)根据解剖观测设计了较合理的针刀治疗后外支卡压症的手术入路并指出了手术中应注意避免损伤的结构,供临床治疗参考.     

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目的 下肢静脉曲张及下肢深静脉功能不全病人的左髂总静脉（LCIV）病变的发病情况及其之间的关系。以指导临床治疗。方法 连续为73例（100条患肢）下肢静脉曲张病人行术前患肢深静脉逆行造影及LCIV造影。结果 （1）LCIV总异常率为47.9%,在有左侧下肢静脉曲张的病人中有31例(59.6%),在只有右侧下肢静脉曲张的病人中,仅4例（19.4%),两组间的LCIV异常的比率差异有显著意义（P=0.0017)。LCIV异常包括髂腔静脉交界处压迹,不同程度的狭窄,增宽,充盈缺损和侧支形成。（2）下肢深静脉功能不全67条肢体,占67.0%,在左LCIV造影异常的病斧正中,左侧下肢深列脉Ⅲ或Ⅳ级逆流者14例,在左LCIV造影正常的病例中,左侧下肢深静脉有Ⅲ或Ⅳ级逆流者仅6例,二者间差异也有显著意义（P=0.0205)。结论 Cockett综合征可能是左下肢静脉曲张的原因之一。同时也是左下肢深静脉功能不全的原因之一。     

哈氏棒加多节段椎板下钢丝治疗脊柱侧凸

目的　总结单纯哈氏棒加多节段椎板下钢丝治疗脊柱侧凸的疗效。方法　在脊柱凹侧用哈氏棒撑开配合多节段椎板下钢丝固定治疗脊柱侧凸 32例。结果　随访 4个月～ 7 6年。术前侧凸平均Cobb角 6 7 1° ,术后 39° ,矫正率 47%。 1例上钩脱位 ,1例出现深部感染。结论　该方法手术过程简单 ,固定牢固 ,可减少骨折、脱钩等并发症 ,提高了矫正率     

角度Dick系统治疗爆裂型脊椎骨折

目的：总结角度Dick系统在治疗爆裂型脊椎骨折中对恢复椎体高度和椎管容积的作用。方法：采用角度Dick系统治疗胸腰椎爆型型骨折27例,通过术前、术后X线平片和CT扫描片观察、测量、对比椎体前后高度和椎管容积的恢复情况,结果：恢复椎体高度和椎间隙宽度达90％以上,椎管前后径增大最小0．4cm,最大1．0cm,随访10－16个月,神经症状改善有效率100％,不全瘫者全部恢复,完全瘫者部分恢复。结论：角度Dick钉在后路手术中可解决脊椎曲度和脊髓前方受压问题,损伤小、康复效果好。     

Instant Vertebral Assessment: A Noninvasive Dual X-ray Absorptiometry Technique to Avoid Misclassification and Clinical Mismanagement of Osteoporosis

The presence of a vertebral fracture significantly increases the risk of future fracture, classifies a patient with "clinical" osteoporosis, and usually results in treatment for osteoporosis. However, the majority of vertebral fractures are silent, and lateral X-rays (the standard method for identification) are not routinely obtained. Instant vertebral assessment (IVA), a technology that utilizes dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), provides rapid assessment of vertebral fractures and is highly correlated with vertebral fractures, as assessed on standard lateral spine X-rays. To assess the role of IVA in patient management, we examined standard bone mineral density (BMD) of the spine, total hip, and femoral neck and spine IVA by DXA in 482 participants screened for an osteoporosis study, who had no previous knowledge of vertebral fractures. Using World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, subjects were classified using BMD at the spine, total hip, femoral neck, or any combination of these central sites. In addition, we considered subjects as osteoporotic if they had vertebral fractures independent of low bone density. We found that vertebral fractures assessed by IVA were present in 18.3% of asymptomatic postmenopausal women recruited for this study. The sensitivity of BMD alone to diagnose osteoporosis based on either a vertebral fracture or low BMD using WHO criteria ranged from 40 to 74%. This means that between 26 and 60% of osteoporotic individuals could have potentially been missed. Furthermore, 11.0-18.7% of clinically osteoporotic individuals would have been classified as normal by BMD criteria alone. We conclude that IVA is a useful adjunct in the clinical identification of osteoporosis and may prevent mismanagement of osteoporotic patients.     

Mechanical augmentation of the vertebral body by calcium phosphate cement injection

The effectiveness of transpedicular calcium phosphate cement (CPC) injection as a new treatment for osteoporotic compression fracture of vertebrae was evaluated by measuring the compressive strength and the mode of failure in vertebrae experimentally injected with CPC. Forty-five human cadaver vertebrae were divided into three groups: a control group; group A, in which CPC was injected into the upper half of the vertebral body; and group B, in which CPC was injected into the whole vertebra. The load-displacement curve characteristically had two peaks in group A, and decreased rapidly after failure in group B. The failure site was the cancellous bone immediately below the cranial endplate in the control group, cancellous bone immediately below the CPC injection area in group A, and in the CPC injection area in group B. Although mechanical strength was greatest in those vertebrae in which the entire cancellous bone was replaced with CPC, the compressive strength of the vertebrae was also increased by partial replacement of cancellous bone with CPC injection. In terms of mode of failure and mechanical gradient with adjacent vertebrae, there were several advantages for those vertebrae in which the cranial half of the cancellous bone was replaced with CPC. Received: May 29, 2000 / Accepted: September 20, 2000     

Effects of sodium bicarbonate supplementation on axial and peripheral bone mass in rats on strenuous treadmill training exercise

We observed the effects of sodium bicarbonate supplement on bone mass in rats on strenuous treadmill training. Sixty female Wistar rats (93-days-old; mean initial weight 261 ± 16 g) were studied. One group of 15 rats was killed at the beginning of the experiments (basal control group), while another group of 15 rats was not manipulated (Exer−NaB−). Another group of 15 rats was exercised but did not receive sodium bicarbonate (Exer+NaB−), while the final group of 15 rats exercised and received sodium bicarbonate (Exer+NaB+) at a dose of 0.05 mg/kg/day, administered by esophageal catheter on exercise days. These rats were killed at the end of 11 weeks. Femoral and vertebral length, weight, and bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) were measured. According to anova with the Tukey–Kramer test, femur length and weight, vertebral weight, femur BMC and BMD, vertebral BMC and BMD and the ratio between femur and vertebral BMC and final body weight, and plasma bicarbonate were lower in the basal control and Exer+NaB− groups than in the two other groups (P < 0.005–0.0001). Overall, there was a positive correlation between femur and vertebral BMC and femur BMC and length (P < 0.0001 for all). Only in the Exer+NaB− group was there a positive association between plasma bicarbonate levels and femur length (r = 0.78; P < 0.0005). Our study demonstrates the adverse effects of strenuous exercise on bone, and the usefulness of sodium bicarbonate supplements in preventing and minimized these effects. Received: May 1, 2000 / Accepted: August 11, 2000