大鼠输精管注射HFMC后输精管内pH值的观察

本实验选用生育力正常成年雄性ＳＤ大鼠２５只，随机分为５组，行一侧输精管ＨＦＭＣ注射术，剂量为１０％ＨＦＭＣ２０μｌ，沉淀剂２０μｌ；另一侧输精管注射生理盐水４０μｌ对照，于注射时和注射后１、３、６、９和１２月分别测定双侧输精管ｐＨ值，其结果为注射ＨＦＭＣ侧输精管ｐＨ明显降低，为５．１８－５．８２，生理盐水对照侧为７．０４－７．６４，并随推移，注射ＨＦＭＣ侧输精管ｐＨ值逐渐升高，于术后１２月基本恢复     

Zinc content in the epididymis, vas deferens, prostate, and seminal vesicles of juvenile rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta): effect of androgen and estrogen

The zinc content in the three segments of the epididymis (caput, corpus, and cauda), vas deferens, seminal vesicles, and prostate of juvenile monkeys was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Zinc content (micrograms/gm wet weight) was found to be maximum (328) in the vas deferens; in the other organs it measured in the following order: caput 191, corpus 238, cauda 193, prostate 133 and seminal vesicles 85. In order to investigate the endocrine control of the zinc in these organs, two groups of animals were treated with testosterone propionate (2 mg) or estradiol dipropionate (10 micrograms) once daily for 30 days. In response to androgen, a rise in both concentration and content of zinc was evident only in the prostate. The results further suggested that the prostatic zinc may be under dual hormonal control, but in the epididymis and vas deferens it may be under the influence of estrogen. It is concluded that the hormonal effects on zinc content and growth stimulation in accessory sex organs are quite separate and may be under different hormonal control.     

Peristaltic transport of a non-newtonian fluid: Applications to the vas deferens and small intestine

The problem of peristaltic transport of a non-Newtonian (Power law) fluid in a uniform and non-uniform tube has been investigated under zero Reynolds number and long wavelength approximation. A comparison of the results with those of Newtonian fluid model shows that the magnitude of pressure rise, under a given set of conditions, is smaller in the case of non-Newtonian fluid, when the flow behavior index n<1, at zero flow rate. Further, the pressure rise decreases as n decreases from 1, at zero flow rate, is independent of n at a certain value of flow rate, and increases if flow rate exceeds further. Also, at a given flow rate, an increase in the wavelength leads to a decrease in pressure rise and increase in the influence of non-Newtonian behavior. Pressure rise, in the case of non-uniform geometry, is found much smaller than the corresponding value in the case of uniform geometry. Finally, the analysis has been applied and compared with observed flow rates in the vas deferens in rhesus monkeys and in the small intestine.     

Increase of [3H]clonidine binding sites induced by adenosine receptor agonists in rat vas deferens in vitro

In vitro binding experiments were done to study the effects of adenosine receptor agonists on induction of [3H]clonidine binding sites in rat vasa deferentia by reserpine. In the presence of 1 microM adenosine and 2-chloroadenosine, respectively, the specific binding of [3H]clonidine to vas deferens homogenates of reserpine-treated rats increased 38 and 42% over the control value. The increase in binding sites induced by adenosine was inhibited by the adenosine receptor antagonist theophylline. No effect of 1 microM 2-chloroadenosine on the beta-adrenoceptor or alpha 1-adrenoceptor was detected. The results imply a direct interaction between alpha 2-adrenoceptor and adenosine receptor and suggest that stimulated adenosine receptors unmasked [3H]clonidine binding sites in membranes of rat vas deferens.     

Evidence for the co-storage and co-release of neuropeptide Y and noradrenaline from large dense cored vesicles in sympathetic nerves of the bovine vas deferens

The subcellular localization and the secretion of neuropeptide Y were studied in sympathetic nerve endings of bovine vas deferens. Immunostaining revealed a parallel distribution for neuropeptide Y and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase immunoreactivity in the network of varicose nerve fibers in the smooth muscle layers of the vas deferens. Following differential centrifugation and sucrose density gradient centrifugation, neuropeptide Y was found to coincide with noradrenaline in the more dense region of the gradient, where the large dense cored vesicles are found. Superfusion experiments demonstrated the release of neuropeptide Y and noradrenaline upon electrical stimulation. Furthermore, the neuropeptide Y secretion was shown to be Ca2+-dependent. We conclude that in the bovine vas deferens neuropeptide Y is only present in large dense cored vesicles of adrenergic neurons and that the peptide and noradrenaline are co-released from these vesicles in a calcium dependent manner.     

Andrological and Hormonal Findings in Subjects with Ductus Deferens Agenesia

Andrologische und hormonale Ergebnisse bei Männern mit einer Ductus deferens-Agenesie
Bei sieben Fällen mit einer doppelseitigen Ductus deferens-Aplasie wurden eingehende andrologische und endokrinologische Untersuchungen durchgeführt. Die Hodenbiopsie ergab in allen Fällen einen normalen Hodengewebsbefund. Eine in vier Fällen durchgeführte Urogrpahie zeigte congenitalen Anomalien im Harntrakt. In allen Fällen wurden keine spermagglutinierenden und spermimmobilisierenden Antikörper im Blut und im Spermaplasma. Die Basal- und Stimulations-Werte für FSH, LH, Prolaktin und Testosteron lagen innerhalb normaler Grenzen. Die chirurgische Exploration der Genitalorgane und die bilaterale Sammlung von Sperma aus dem Nebenhodenkopf scheint zwingend zu sein, um eine klare Selektion für die chirurgische Intervention zu sein.     

Effects of α-adrenoceptor agents on norepinephrine release from vas deferens of several species including man

Unlike the situation with the vas deferens of rats, guinea-pigs, rabbits an dogs, neither phentolamine nor yohimbine enhanced electrically-evoked release of [³H]norepinephrine from the in vitro human vas deferens. However, clonidine produced, by a phentolamine-sensitive mechanism, a concentration-related inhibition of release inthe human vas deferens. The results indicate that, even though presynaptic α-adrenoceptors exist, a negative feedback regulation of release by norepinephrine, which occurs in the vas deferens of the other species, may not be functionally important in the vas deferens of the human.     

Comparison of binding of [3H]-methionine-enkephalin, [3H]-naltrexone and [3H]-dihydromorphine in the mouse vas deferens and the myenteric plexus and brain of the ginea pig.

[3H]-Methionine-enkephalin, [3H]-naltrexone and [3H]-dihydromorphine are specifically bound in homogenates of not only the brain and myenteric plexus of the guinea pig but also the vas deferens of the mouse. Brain has a ratio of methionine-enkephalin to dihydromorphine binding in favour of methionine-enkephalin binding and the myenteric plexus a ratio in favour of dihydromorphine binding, with the mouse vas deferens being intermediate.     

A STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF STEROIDS ON α-ADRENOCEPTOR-MEDIATED CONTRACTION OF THE RAT VAS DEFERENS

1. Testosterone propionate (0·5 mg/day) administered for 5 weeks to prepubertal rats increased the weight of sex accessory organs but did not alter the rate of gain of body weight. Methandienone, given in a similar dosage regimen, was without effect on these parameters. The synthetic progestagen, norgestrel, administered orally in a dose of 0·5 mg/day increased the weight of the vas deferens but was without effect on seminal vesicle and testis weights and on the growth rate. Given in combination with testosterone, norgestrel caused a marked decrease in testis weight and reversed the effects of testosterone propionate on seminal vesicle weight. Thus, in the dosage regimen used, this progestagen exhibited an endocrine profile comprising androgenic, synandro-genic and anti-androgenic effects. 2. Rats, which were castrated when they weighed 70–80 g, exhibited rates of gain of body weight which were similar to those of control animals. Testosterone propionate in the doses used reversed castration-induced atrophy of the vas deferens and seminal vesicle. 3. The contractility of the vas deferens of intact rats, determined by direct field electrical stimulation, was unaffected by treatment with the steroids used in this study. However, there was a marked impairment of the contractility of the vas deferens following castration, which was not fully restored by testosterone propionate in the dosage regimen used. 4. The efficacies and potencies of the α-adrenoceptor agonists phenylephrine and 1-metaraminol in causing contraction of the vasa deferentia from intact rats were unaffected by the steroid treatments. In contrast, these agonists did not produce sustained, dose-dependent contractions of the vasa deferentia from castrated rats; however testosterone propionate fully restored the efficacy and potency of both agonists. 5. It is concluded from this study that although adequate testosterone levels are necessary for the maintenance of contractility in the rat vas deferens, the integrity of postjunctional adrenoceptors in not modified by a variety of steroid treatments.