Temporo-spatial distribution of blood vessels in human lumbar intervertebral discs

While there is consensus in the literature that blood vessels are confined to the outer anulus fibrosus of normal adult intervertebral disc, debate continues whether there is a vascular in-growths into inner parts of the intervertebral disc during degeneration. We therefore tested the hypothesis that vascular in-growth is not a distinct feature of disc degeneration. The specific endothelial cell marker CD 31 (PECAM) was used to immunohistochemically investigate 42 paraffin-embedded complete mid-sagittal human intervertebral disc sections of various ages (0–86 years) and varying extent of histomorphological degeneration. Additionally, 20 surgical disc samples from individuals (26–69 years) were included in this study. In discs of fetal to infantile age, blood vessels perforated the cartilaginous end plate and extended into the inner and outer anulus fibrosus, but not into the nucleus pulposus. In adolescents and adults, no blood vessels were seen except for the outer zone of the anulus fibrosus adjacent to the insertion to ligaments. The cartilaginous end plate remained free of vessels, except for areas with circumscribed destruction of the end plate. In advanced disc degeneration, no vessels were observed except for those few cases with complete, scar-like disc destruction. However, some rim lesions and occasionally major clefts were surrounded by a small network of capillary blood vessels extending into deeper zones of the anulus fibrosus. A subsequent morphometric analysis, revealed slightly “deeper” blood vessel extension in juvenile/adolescent discs when compared to young, mature and senile adult individuals with significantly “deeper” extension in the posterior than anterior anulus. The analysis of the surgical specimens showed that only sparse capillary blood vessels which did not extend into the nucleus pulposus even in major disc disruption. Our results show that vascular invasion deeper than the periphery was not observed during disc degeneration, which supports the hypothesis that vascular in-growth is not a distinct feature of disc degeneration. This study was supported by a grant from the AO/ASIF Foundation Switzerland (00-B72) and a grant from the AO Spine (SRN 02/103).     

平阳霉素治疗口腔颌面部血管瘤及脉管畸形的副反应

目的探讨平阳霉素（PYM）联合地塞米松（DXM）治疗口腔颌面部血管瘤及脉管畸形的疗效及副反应。方法收集2003年2月～2009年6月用PYM联合DXM治疗口腔颌面部血管瘤及脉管畸形并获得完整随访的病例160例。患者在接受治疗前行胸片检查,治疗后6个月再行胸片检查,观察临床效果及副反应。结果经2个月-6年的随访观察,124例患者治愈,36例患者显效,总有效率为100％。所有患者均有不同程度的肿胀,其中34例患者注射后体温稍升高（21．3％）,1例患者末次治疗6h后全身疼痛,1例患者末次注射时出现呼吸困难及发音障碍,1例患儿出现过敏性休克,未发现肺纤维化现象、未发现溃烂出血及感染。结论PYM联合DXM治疗口腔颌面部血管瘤及脉管畸形简单易行、副反应少,是一种安全、有效的方法,但仍要做好过敏等副反应的急救准备。     

CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞对小鼠肝脏移植自发性免疫耐受的影响

目的 研究CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞在诱导自发性肝脏免疫耐受中的作用.方法 向受体和供体注射抗CD25抗体(PC61)后进行小鼠原位肝脏移植,观测其生存时间.术后20～30 d切取移植肝脏行HE染色,同时观察CD4+CD25+T细胞对CD4+T细胞和CD8+T细胞功能的影响.结果 去除受体而不是供体小鼠的CD4+CD25+T细胞可以导致肝移植排斥反应.而且,去除CD4+CD25+T细胞使移植物的白细胞浸润明显增多,组织损伤加重.同时,去除CD4+CD25+T细胞导致CD4+T细胞的增殖活性和CD8+T细胞的细胞毒活性明显增强.结论 受体来源的CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞在小鼠肝脏移植免疫耐受诱导中起重要作用.

Abstract：

Objective To examine the contribution of CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells to liver transplant tolerance. Methods After injection of anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody (mAb, PC61), mouse orthotopic liver transplantation was performed and survivals were determined. The paraffin-embedded sections of hepatic allografts were cut and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE). Furthermore, the effect of CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells on proliferative response of CD4+ T cells and cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells was examined by depleting these regulatory T cells. Results Depletion of these cells in the recipients but not in the donors before liver transplantation caused rejection. Histological analyses of hepatic allografts with PC61 treatment showed extensive leukocyte infiltration and tissue destruction, whereas those in the control group showed minimal changes. Moreover, elimination of CD4+CD25+ T cells resulted in the enhancement of both proliferative response of CD4+ T cells and cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells against donor-type alloantigen. Conclusions These results suggest that CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells were important for tolerance induction to hepatic allografts.     

免疫磁珠两步法体外分离纯化小鼠脾脏CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞的应用研究

目的 研究免疫磁珠两步法体外分离纯化小鼠脾脏CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞(regulatory T cells,Treg)的效果.方法 将C57BL/6(H-2b)小鼠脾脏剪碎、过滤、去除红细胞后离心洗涤,获得小鼠脾细胞悬液.用Ficoll法分离获得单个核细胞后,通过免疫磁珠阴性加阳性选择两步法分离获得CD4+CD2...     

应用颏下动脉岛状皮瓣治疗颏部黑痣

目的:探讨颏下动脉皮瓣修复颏部黑痣的可行性及优越性.方法:对6例颏部黑痣患者行一次性黑痣切除,设计颏下动脉皮瓣Ⅰ期修复黑痣切除后的创面.结果:6例颏部黑痣患者术后皮瓣全部成活,患者及家属时术后外观满意,无挛缩现象发生.结论:颏下动脉皮瓣与颏部组织类似的特性,颜色质地好,供区隐蔽,手术操作相对简单,安全快速,是I期修复颏部黑痣的理想的方法.     

经眶上翼点入路显微手术切除巨大鞍区肿瘤

目的 总结经眶上翼点入路显微手术切巨大鞍区肿瘤的经验。方法 经上翼点入路显微手术切除巨大鞍区肿瘤18例,其中垂体腺瘤7例,颅咽管瘤8例,生殖细胞瘤、脑膜瘤、成熟性畸胎瘤各1例。结果 肿瘤全切除12例,次全切除6例。术后随访4－23个月,恢复良好12例,生活自理3例,生活需人照顾2例,死亡1例。结论 眶上翼点入路能很好地显露鞍区 肿瘤及其周围结构,显微手术是安全切除肿瘤、保护下丘脑功能的关键。     

前列腺癌组织中嗜银核仁组成区计数的计数

目的：探讨嗜银核仁组成区（argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions,AgNOR)计数与前列腺癌（PCa)生物学行为及预后的关系。方法：采用Plotn法对PCa、不典型前列腺增生（AAH）、良性前列腺增生（BPH）及正常前列腺（NP）组织进行硝酸银染色,所得AgNOR颗粒采用图像分析仪按Crocker法进行半定量分析。结果：在PCa中AgNOR计数显著高于AAH、BPH及NP;AAH的AgNOR计数介于BPH与PCa之间;在PCa中随肿瘤组织学分级的上升AgNOR计数逐渐上升,且差异有显著性意义;生存期＜3年的PCa病例的AgNOR计数显著高于生存期＞3年的病例,差异也有显著性意义。结论：AgNOR计数有助于鉴别前列腺良、恶性疾病,AAH有一定恶性倾向,AgNOR计数有助于PCa生物学行为及预后的估计。     

岛状肌皮瓣在颈胸部难治性创面中的应用

目的介绍岛状肌皮瓣在颈胸部难治性创面中的应用经验。方法1994年8月～2004年12月，收治98例颈胸部难治性创面患者，男42例，女56例；年龄21～68岁。病程3h～13个月。胸前部29例，颈部28例，项部18例，腋下或腋窝部15例，胸侧壁8例。创面范围6cm×4cm～20cm×15cm，其中感染创面27例，骨外露48例，心、肺等胸腔器官外露7例，深部重要血管、神经外露33例。根据创面所在部位、性质及致病因素的不同，采用不同的岛状肌皮瓣修复。其中岛状胸大肌肌皮瓣28例，岛状背阔肌肌皮瓣34例，岛状斜方肌肌皮瓣19例，岛状腹直肌肌皮瓣17例，皮瓣切取范围8cm×6cm-35cm×15cm。结果术后92例创面Ⅰ期愈合，肌皮瓣全部成活；6例肌皮瓣部分坏死，经对症处理后成活。83例获随访2周～5年，皮瓣色泽正常、质地良好，均获得满意功能和外形。结论修复颈项部创面可选用岛状胸大肌肌皮瓣、岛状背阔肌肌皮瓣、岛状斜方肌肌皮瓣；修复胸部创面可选用岛状背阔肌肌皮瓣、岛状腹直肌肌皮瓣；根据创面的具体情况选择适当的岛状肌皮瓣修复颈胸部难治性创面可获得满意功能和外形。     

Following Anti-CD25 Treatment, A Functional CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T-Cell Pool Is Present in Renal Transplant Recipients

Daclizumab, a humanized antibody directed against the alpha-chain of the interleukin-2 receptor (CD25), has shown efficacy in the prevention of acute rejection following organ transplantation. However, anti-CD25 therapy can be expected to affect not only alloreactive effector T cells, but also CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells that are shown to play an important role in the induction of transplantation tolerance. Therefore, the size and function of the Treg pool in human renal allograft recipients after single-dose daclizumab administration was investigated in this study. Approximately 8 weeks after administration, daclizumab was cleared from the circulation and the Treg population then present appeared not different from that observed before transplantation. Functional analysis revealed that the Treg possessed a normal capacity to suppress mixed lymphocyte reactions in vitro. These data indicate that after daclizumab therapy a Treg population, normal in number and function, is present in the peripheral blood of renal transplant recipients.     

Functional CD25(bright+) alloresponsive T cells in fully immunosuppressed renal allograft recipients

BACKGROUND: Evidence from animal studies indicate a crucial role for CD25(bright+) regulatory T cells in transplantation tolerance. METHODS: To assess whether peripheral CD25(bright+) T cells control immune responses in immunosuppressed kidney transplant patients, we analyzed the suppressive capacities of these cells using mixed lymphocytes reactions. RESULTS: Allogeneic stimulation of patients peripheral blood mononuclear cells was associated with IL-2 production and T-cell proliferation. Depletion of CD25(bright+) T cells resulted in a 35% (median) higher IL-2 production and a 38% higher proliferative response against third party cells, showing that functional regulatory CD25(bright+) T cells were present (p = 0.03 and 0.02 respectively). In eight out of 11 patients, we also demonstrated regulation activity against donor-activated T cells (p = 0.03). These data were confirmed in coculture experiments with isolated CD25(-/dim) T cells plus CD25(bright+) T cells. At a 1:2 ratio, the CD25(bright+) T cells suppressed the proliferation of CD25(-/dim) donor- and third party-stimulated responder T cells. CONCLUSIONS: CD25(bright+) T cells with immune regulatory activities against anti-donor-responsive T cells are readily detectable in renal allograft recipients during treatment with full dosage immunosuppression. Whether CD25(bright+) T cells indeed play a role in graft acceptance after organ transplantation in patients remains to be elucidated.