微机控制的韧带动态力学特性测试系统

本系统是为自动测试人体韧带或类似组织的动态力学特性试验而研制的。在试验时,受控的加载过程和数据采集过程同时进行。系统向韧带试件提供一个快速的匀速可控的拉伸载荷,模拟人体剧烈运动的实况,同时实时采集力和变形的数据。系统还提供对所采集数据的分析手段,从而得到力、变形、应力、应变、弹性模量和变形能等参数之间的关系,并可以图形和文字形式输出。系统亦可将各数据文件转换为其它应用软件包可接受的形式,以便利用标准商品软件包的数据和图象处理能力。系统采用菜单提示的人机对话方式进行监控。     

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: A Correlative Study by Light, Scanning, and Transmission Electron Microscopy

The sequential stages of bronchopulmonary dysplasia occurring in 18 infants after intensive respiratory therapy supplemented by oxygen in high concentrations were studied by correlative light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy. Infant survival ranged from 3 to 225 days. The earliest stage was an exudative reaction with a predominance of hyaline membranes. This merged with a subacute reparative response that was replaced by a chronic fibroproliferative stage in infants of longest survival; this stage was complicated by pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema. Correlative scanning and transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that type 2 pneumocytes contributed significantly to the reparative fibroproliferative response by organization of hyaline membranes and reepithelialization of damaged septal walls.     

Analysis of the influence of therapy and viral suppression on high-risk sexual behaviour and sexually transmitted infections among patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus in Taiwan

This study examined the effects of certain characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients related to the risks of practising unprotected sex (UPS) among 919 HIV-infected patients who attended the sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic of the Taipei City STD Control Center, Taiwan, during the period January–July 2004. After learning that they were HIV-positive, 517 (56%) subjects had practised UPS, 476 (52%) had a new STD diagnosis, and 106 (12%) had used some form of injected drug. UPS was reported by 76% of homosexual/bisexual males, 19% of heterosexual males and 5% of females, and was reported more often by those individuals with casual sexual partners (p < 0.001). According to multivariate logistic regression analyses, UPS was associated with male-tomale sexual intercourse (OR 2.46; 95% CI 1.26–4.86, p < 0.001), with casual sexual partners (OR 2.82; 95% CI 1.62–4.88, p < 0.001), and with an individual's knowledge of his/her HIV status for > 11 years (OR 2.06; 95% CI 1.02–4.18, p < 0.05). Although using anti-retroviral therapy to prevent sexual transmission of HIV is rational, the avoidance of at-risk sexual behaviour should also be a priority among HIV-seropositive individuals. Ongoing risk-reduction counselling related to HIV transmission is needed to reduce certain sexual behaviours associated with HIV transmission.     

Evaluation of Onchocerca volvulus-specific IgG4 subclass serology as an index of onchocerciasis transmission potential of three Gabonese villages

The major objective of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of IgG4 ELISA and Western blot analysis, using a crude extract of Onchocerca volvulus adult worms as antigens, for diagnosing onchocerciasis in a Gabonese paediatric population with mixed filarial infections. The subjects had loaisis, streptocercosis or mansonellosis in addition to onchocerciasis. Control sera from loaisis or mansonellosis subjects residing outside the endemic zone were used to provide the cut-off point for positive results. The IgG4 ELISA had a specificity of 96% but a lower sensitivity of 78·7%. It detected 25 onchocerciasis cases out of 65 individuals who were negative on parasitological examination. Furthermore, the ELISA provided a more accurate picture of onchocerciasis transmission in a village with very low skin microfilartal load. A 27·5-kD antigen was identified on Western blots as a marker of onchocerciasis. The paediatric population provided a reliable window for assessing the parasitologic and serologic parameters in the three villages with disparate levels of onchocerciasis transmission.     

Evaluation of telephone transmission for computer electrocardiographic interpretation in Japan

The reliability of the Japanese public telephone facilities to transmit electrocardiograms (e.c.g.) for computer interpretation was assessed. The International Business Machine's (IBM) e.c.g. computer program by Bonner was used. No appreciable distortion of e.c.g. was observed following repeated transmission from hospitals separated by 1000 km. Thirty-four normal and 66 abnormal e.c.g.s. were transmitted twice. Identical results were observed in 97% of normals and 92% of abnormals. Following these fundamental experiments, 1236 patients' e.c.g.s. were transmitted for computer intepretation. The study showed that 98·6% (1219 cases) were technically satisfactory and 1·4% (17 cases) were not. The 17 unsatisfactory cases were classified into ten unreceivable data formats, six inconsistent measurements and one unacceptable noise level. The authors concluded that the Japanese public telephone facilities were acceptable for the transmission of e.c.g.s. for computer interpretation.     

Comparison of β-adrenoceptors mediating vasodilatation in canine subcutaneous adipose tissue and skeletal muscle

Blood flow changes in response to various drugs in simultaneously autoperfused canine subcutaneous adipose tissue and gracilis muscle were compared to study the vascular β-adrenoceptors. Compared to isoprenaline the β₂-selective agonist salbutamol was 4–6 times more potent as a vasodilator in the muscle than in adipose tissue. Furthermore two β₁-selective agonists (Tazolol and H80/62) caused vasodilatation in adipose tissue but not in the gracilis muscle. When given by close i.a. injection after β-adrenoceptor blockade, adrenaline was a more potent vasoconstrictor than noradrenaline in both tissues. Before β-blockade, however, noradrenaline was the more potent vasoconstrictor in the gracilis muscle whereas adrenaline was more potent in adipose tissue. Intravenous infusion of adrenaline in doses causing vasodilatation in the muscle caused vasoconstriction in adipose tissue whereas intravenous infusion of noradrenaline caused vasoconstriction in both tissues. The present findings suggest that the β-adrenoceptors mediating vasodilatation in skeletal muscle are mainly of the β₂-type, whereas β₁-adrenoceptors seem to predominate in subcutaneous adipose tissue. Since adrenaline is a much more potent β₂- than β₁-agonist, these differences point to different roles of intravascular adrenaline in the two sites. In skeletal muscle circulating adrenaline is mainly a vasodilator whereas in subcutaneous adipose tissue it mainly acts as a vasoconstrictor.     

莱姆病人工宿主动物模型的建立

为了建立莱姆病人工宿主模型进行实验传播研究,用从我国全沟硬蜱分离的莱姆病螺旋体Borrelia garinii CHNM4人工感染4种实验动物.结果表明,以0.1×106条/mL的剂量皮下注射3日龄昆明小鼠是比较理想的方案.由此建立的动物模型既能用作全沟硬蜱的血源动物,又能在15天内保持所感染螺旋体对全沟硬蜱的感染力,可作为人工宿主动物模型.     

Genetic variation screening and association studies of the adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1 (ADCYAP1) gene in patients with type 2 diabetes

Adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1 (ADCYAP1) is a pancreatic neuropeptide and modulates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. The ADCYAP1 gene is located on chromosome 18p11 linked to type 2 diabetes. To test whether it is a candidate gene for type 2 diabetes, screening of the gene in Finnish and Swedish type 2 diabetic patients was done. Two novel SNPs, g.9863G>A (G54D) in exon 3 and g.12712C>G in the 3'-UTR of exon 5 of the ADCYAP1 gene (accession number X60435), were found. PCR-RFLP genotyping was then performed in a total of 253 type 2 diabetic patients and 253 non-diabetic control subjects. Transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) was performed in 132 parent-offspring trios. The G allele frequencies of g.9863G>A (G54D) and g.12712C>G of the ADCYAP1 gene were higher in type 2 diabetic patients than in non-diabetic control subjects (21.0% vs 15.8%, P=0.04; 5.3% vs 3.0%, P=0.045). However, no significant differences in clinical variables was seen between the different genotype carriers, and also no transmission distortion of the G allele of SNP g.9863G>A (G54D) was observed in 132 parent-offspring trios. The present study thus suggest that the variants in the ADCYAP1 gene may not be major influence of the susceptibility to type 2 diabetes in Finnish and Swedish Caucasians.     

Hepatitis B virus transmission in Brazilian hemodialysis units: serological and molecular follow-up

A serological and molecular study of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection was carried out in dialysis units in Central Brazil. Between 1995 and 1999, serum samples from all HBsAg-positive hemodialysis patients (n = 43) were tested for HBeAg/anti-HBe and subtyping by monoclonal ELISA. HBV DNA was detected by PCR and positive samples were genotyped by restriction fragment polymorphism pattern (RFLP) methodology. TheHBsAg prevalence declined in this population during the survey period (12-5.8%). HBeAg and anti-HBe were detected in 23 (53.5%) and 18 (41.9%) sera, respectively. Thirty-six samples could be HBsAg subtyped: 21 were subtype ayw(3), 14 belonged to adw(2) and one was identified as adw(4). HBV DNA was present in 30 serum samples. Of these, 20 (66.7%) were genotype D, 9 (30%) genotype A, and 1 (3.3%) genotype F. In addition, the RFLP pattern could be determined in samples from 18/20 genotype D patients: D3 (10 strains), D7 (7 strains) and D4 (1 strain); from 8/9 genotype A patients: A1 (6 strains) and A3 (2 strains); and from the patient infected with genotype F: F1. Patterns D3 and D7 were associated closely with HBV infection in the two largest hemodialysis units studied. These findings confirm the value of the RFLP method as an effective molecular epidemiological tool for elucidating HBV transmission in hemodialysis units.