股骨干骨折内固定术后不愈合27例分析

报告股骨干骨折切开复位内固定术后不愈合27例。其中，17例钢板固定者，只4例符合要求，9例髓内针固定者，有5例针短小。尚伴有固定方法，钢板或髓内针断裂，以及感染等方面原因有。本组再手术26例1次手术治愈，1例2次手术治愈。绝大部分经带蒂骨皮质剥离^[1]和坚强内固定术后而愈合，不需植骨。产生骨折不愈合的诸因素中，以忽视内固定的基本原则与术中操作不当为主。     

3D kinematic analysis of the acromioclavicular joint during arm abduction using vertically open MRI.

Many researchers have evaluated the motions of the shoulder girdle, especially scapular and humeral motion. However, few reports exist that describe motions of the acromioclavicular joint. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the 3D kinematics of the acromioclavicular joint during arm abduction using 3D MR images obtained by a vertically open MRI. Fourteen shoulders of seven volunteers were examined in seven static positions from 0 degrees to the maximum abduction in a seated position. 3D surface models of the clavicle and scapula were created, and the movements of the acromioclavicular joint from 0 degrees to each position were calculated using the volume-based registration technique. From these calculations, the translations were evaluated and the rotational motions were analyzed using the concept of the screw axis. In the anteroposterior direction, the clavicle translated most posteriorly (-1.9 +/- 1.3 mm) at 90 degrees of abduction and most anteriorly (1.6 +/- 2.7 mm) at maximum abduction. In the superoinferior direction, the clavicle translated slightly superiorly (0.9 +/- 1.9 mm). When analyzing relative motion of the scapula with respect to the clavicle, the scapula generally rotated about a specific screw axis passing through the insertions of both the acromioclavicular and the coracoclavicular ligaments on the coracoid process. The average rotation was 34.9 +/- 8.4 degrees.     

46例颌骨骨折延迟复位固定的疗效分析

复习46例延迟复位固定的颌骨骨折病例，对延迟复位固定的时间、原因、治疗和愈合情况等进行回顾分析：延迟时间最短2d，最长12d；延迟治疗的原因多种多样，所有病例均采用手术治疗。结果，延迟2～5d复位同定者6例，均一期愈合；延迟5-10d复位同定者31例，27例一期愈合；延迟10-12d复位固定者9例，均一期愈合。     

一期前路病灶清除、后路内固定并横突间植骨融合治疗胸腰椎结核

目的:评价一期前路病灶清除、后路内固定并横突间植骨融合治疗胸腰椎结核的临床疗效。方法:采用一期前路病灶清除、后路内固定并横突间植骨融合手术治疗胸、腰椎结核患者17例,按照Frankel分级评定患者手术前后的神经功能,根据X线片评价植骨融合时间,测量术前、术后后凸角度及随访期内的角度丢失。结果:17例患者结核病灶清除彻底,切口均Ⅰ期愈合、无窦道形成,结核治愈无复发。后凸畸形平均矫正19.2°;在随访期内,后凸畸形矫正有1°~4°丢失。X线片示植骨界面骨性融合时间平均5个月。3例出现并发症,对症处理后好转。结论:一期前路病灶清除、后路内固定并横突间植骨融合治疗胸、腰椎结核的疗效确切,具有迅速缓解症状、早期离床活动和较理想的脊柱矫形等优点,是治疗胸、腰椎结核的有效方法。     

Closed tibial pilon fractures treated with external fixation

Fractures of tibial pilon are due to a high energy trauma. Associated skin complications are frequent as those of surgery of this pattern. Thus we performed external fixation as treatment for these fractures. Authors report a retrospective study of 17 closed fracture of tibial pilon, type C of Ruedi and Heim classification, treated by osteotaxis using external fixation of Hoffman with osteosynthesis of fibula by screwed plate. Our patients are of a mean age of 34 years with 11 men and 6 women. The right side was most frequently involved (12 patients). Skin injuries as phlyctena were seen in 6 patients. Delay of treatment did not exceed 72 h. We performed a closed reduction of the fracture of tibial pilon after internal fixation of fibula by screwed plate. Results were assessed after 24 months of study. Track pins infection was noted in three cases. Reduction was usually good, despite one case of recurvatum, one case of valgus, one case of Sudeck’s atrophy, three cases of arthritis have been noticed. Mobility decreased at about 30%. External fixation is a real alternative solution for treatment of these fractures for which osteosynthesis is not suitable. It allows us to avoid skin complications despite mobility decreasing.      

Atlas钛缆固定上颈椎的解剖与临床

目的: 观察寰椎后弓和枢椎椎板的形态学特征, 以更为安全、方便地开展颈后路寰枢椎Atlas钛缆固定术。方法: 观察 100套寰椎后弓和枢椎椎板的形态学特点并进行解剖学测量, 设计引导钛缆穿绕的特殊的器械, 并应用于 17例上颈椎损伤患者的手术操作。结果:(1) 寰椎后弓较纤弱, 横截面呈扇形, 内侧面从后上方向内下方倾斜; 枢椎椎板较粗大, 上窄下宽, 内侧面基本垂直, 内侧面下缘多形成一骨嵴; (2) 寰椎后弓的引导器要求头端折弯, 枢椎椎板引导器要求头端圆钝; (3) 17例患者手术操作均安全、顺利完成, 无脊髓损伤等并发症发生。结论: 根据寰椎后弓和枢椎椎板的形态学特征, 穿绕钛缆时宜自上向下操作; 采用专用的引导器使得颈后路寰枢椎Atlas钛缆固定术的操作更为安全、方便。     

扩髓交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨萎缩性骨不连

[目的] 探讨胫骨萎缩性骨不连的原因及扩髓交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨萎缩性骨不连的效果。[方法] 对26例胫骨萎缩性骨不连的病例采用扩大髓腔的交锁髓内钉内固定。[结果] 经6个月～2年的随访，骨折全部愈合，关节功能明显改善。[结论] 扩大 髓腔的交锁髓内钉内固定是治疗胫骨萎缩性骨不连的理想方法。     

加压空心螺纹钉治疗股骨颈骨折

股骨颈骨折是骨科常见的创伤,术后常出现骨折不愈合和股骨头坏死,致残率较高,仍是骨折治疗中的一个难题。2004年3月至2006年7月用3枚空心加压螺纹钉内固定治疗股骨颈骨折52例,效果满意,报告如下。     

弧形带锁髓内钉固定并植骨治疗肱骨干骨折骨不连

自1997年3月-2004年12月,对肱骨骨折骨不连采用弧形带锁髓内钉并植骨治疗,手术顺利,疗效良好,报告如下。1临床资料本组48例,其中男36例,女12例;右侧32例,左侧16例;年龄22~65岁。致伤原因:交通事故伤22例,高处坠落伤10例,走路跌伤8例,其他伤8例。骨折类型:粉碎性骨折30例,横断骨折10例,斜面骨折8例。首次治疗方法:外固定架固定28例,钢板固定14例,石膏固定4例,夹板固定2例。合并糖尿病4例,高血压8例。首次手术至本次手术时间:8个月以下16例,8~12个月18例,12个月以上14例。2治疗方法术前健侧正位X线片测量选择髓内钉长度,患侧侧位X线片测量选…     

外固定支架与非扩髓髓内钉治疗开放性胫骨骨折的疗效比较

目的比较外固定支架与非扩髓髓内钉治疗开放性胫骨骨折的临床疗效。方法对2002年1月～2004月12月急诊治疗的156例开放性胫骨骨折患者资料进行回顾性分析，其中93例采用单臂外固定支架治疗，63例采用非扩髓髓内钉治疗。对两组患者的一般资料、骨折AO分型、软组织Gustilo分型、术后骨折愈合时间、骨折延迟愈合例数及并发症进行统计学分析。结果外固定支架组和非扩髓髓内钉组的骨折平均愈合时间分别为7．8个月（3～18个月）、5．3个月（2．12个月）。非扩髓髓内钉组在骨折愈合时间、骨折延迟愈合及骨折畸形愈合方面明显优于单臂外固定支架组（P〈0．05）；两组在感染发生率方面差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论非扩髓髓内钉治疗开放性胫骨骨折具有骨折愈合时间短、畸形愈合少等优点。对于严重污染的创面及全身多发伤患者，外固定支架的临时固定是首选。