Chronic oral administration of alkyl lead solutions to the rhesus monkey

The administration of tetraethyl lead (TEL) and tetramethyl lead (TML) to the rhesus monkey for 6 months at the dose level equivalent to 6 μg/kg/day of lead did not induce clinical manifestations of toxicity. Minor elevations in blood lead levels and tissue lead were found in animals receiving tetraethyl lead.     

联苯胺法与单克隆抗体法检测隐血比较分析

隐血试验试验的方法有多种，经典的联苯胺法与愈创木酯法等已逐渐被淘汰，由于受饮食、药物的影响，检测结果易出现假阳性或假阴性。本文就联苯胺法与单克隆抗本法加以评估，通过实验数据提示：联苯胺法敏感性高，但特异性差，假阳性率高，单克隆抗体法敏感快速，特异性强，无假阳性。     

两种成色反应的比较和玻璃纸平板包埋法的应用

本文分别用SNP和AHM作TMB反应的稳定剂,对树鼩脊髓前角运动神经元作了比较观察,结果发现两种成色反应对显示神经元胞体和近端树突无明显差别,对显示远端树突,TMB-SNP反应明显优子TMB-AHM反应。同时,本文采用的玻璃纸平板包埋法较Aldes法简便,且效果相同。     

血红蛋白、转铁蛋白联合免疫法检测便潜血在临床中的应用

[目的]评价血红蛋白、转铁蛋白联合免疫法(联合免疫法)检测便潜血的，临床应用价值。[方法]①比较联合免疫法、单克隆抗体法与联苯胺法对5种质量浓度人血红蛋白液及500μg／mL的4种动物血红蛋白液检测的灵敏度差异。②用联合免疫法检测6种不同质量浓度的转铁蛋白液以确定检出最低限值。③比较联合免疫法、单克隆抗体法检测44例消化道疾病患者便潜血的阳性检出率；其中包括4例胃肿瘤性病变，25例上消化道出血，8例溃疡性结肠炎及7例大肠肿瘤性病变。[结果]①联合免疫法、单克隆抗体法及联苯胺法最低检出限量分别为0．2、0．2及100μg／mL；②联苯胺法对人和动物的血红蛋白均发生反应，单克隆抗体法只与人的血红蛋白反应，而联合免疫法只对人的血红蛋白、转铁蛋白发生抗原抗体反应，从而进一步提高了单克隆抗体法的阳性检出率。对于4例胃肿瘤性病变、25例上消化道出血、8例溃疡性结肠炎及7例大肠肿瘤性病变，单克隆抗体法分别检出3例、17例、8例、6例，联合免疫法分别检出4例、21例、8例、7例。[结论]联合免疫法灵敏度高、特异性强。因可同时测定血红蛋白和转铁蛋白，可提高消化道出血及大肠肿瘤的阳性检出率。     

Anterograde tracer and field potential analysis of the neocortical layer I projection from nucleus ventralis medialis of the thalamus in cat

The projection of the ventromedial nucleus of the thalamus to the neocortex was studied in cat by means of anterograde and retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase, by the depth profile of evoked thalamocortical field potentials, and by superfusion of the cortex with manganese to block transmitter release. Horseradish peroxidase injected into the ventromedial nucleus was anterogradely transported to the outer third of layer I in the neocortex, extending from the depth of the cruciate sulcus anterior to the olfactory bulb and tract. The region of projection from the ventromedial nucleus extended mediolaterally from the medial wall of the proreus gyrus to the ventral tip of the coronal gyrus. Horseradish peroxidase injections or applications in these areas of the neocortex resulted in the retrograde labeling of neurons in the ventromedial nucleus. Injections in many other cortical areas did not result in labeled neurons in this nucleus. Stimulation of the ventromedial nucleus with single pulses elicited surface-negative waves in the medial part of the precruciate region that had superficial isoelectric points. Superfusion of the precruciate area with manganese resulted in the suppression of the ventromedial-evoked wave, whereas control extracellular waves in deeper layers were unaffected. An additional additional finding was that horseradish peroxidase injections in the ventromedial nucleus led to a dense reciprocal retrograde labeling of neurons in layer VI of that part of the cortex to which the ventromedial nucleus projects. We conclude that, in cat, (1) the ventromedial nucleus projects to layer I of the cerebral cortex anterior to the cruciate sulcus and receives a dense reciprocal projection from layer VI; (2) stimulation of neurons in the ventromedial nucleus causes depolarization of structures in layer I and these neurons are responsible for recruiting responses in the anterior cortex.     

Structure-mutagenicity relationships of benzidine analogues

The mutagenic activities of benzidine, its dihydrochloride salt, and 12 of their analogues were compared in the Ames test using strains TA100 and TA98 with and without rat liver S9 activation. With the exceptions of 4,4'-methylenebis(3-nitroaniline) in both strains and 3,3-dichlorobenzidine in TA98, little or no mutagenicity was observed in the series when tested without S9 activation. All compounds, except tetramethylbenzidine, exhibited some activity in TA100 with S9 activation; dichlorobenzidine and 4-aminobiphenyl were significantly more mutagenic than the other compounds. This was in contrast to the TA98 results where the bridged diphenyl compounds, with the exception of the nitroaniline derivative, were only slightly mutagenic compared to the more planar biphenyl series. Only the nitroaniline compound was mutagenic in both strains in the presence or absence of S9 activation. For benzidine and the 3,3'-disubstituted benzidines (the dimethoxy-, diamino-, and dichloro- compounds), an increase in mutagenicity correlated to a decrease in basicity of the parent anilines in both TA100 and TA98.     

催化系统对聚丙烯酰胺凝胶聚合的影响

目的探讨不同的催化系统对不同酸碱条件下聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)凝胶聚合的影响。方法采用不同剂量的过硫酸铵(AP)四甲基乙二胺(TEMED)催化系统组合和过硫酸铵(AP)硫酸亚铁(FeSO4)-抗坏血酸(VC)催化系统组合,进行碱性PAGE和酸性PAGE,观察各组凝胶聚合所需时间。结果AP-TEMED在碱性电泳中应用,0.05%～0.1%的AP和0.1%的TEMED用量,凝胶聚合在0.5h内完成;在酸性电泳中应用时,0.2%的AP和0.3%～0.4%的TEMED用量,凝胶聚合在2h内完成。AP-VC-FeSO4催化系统应用于酸性电泳时设计的10组用量,48h均未发现凝胶形成。结论AP-TEMED催化系统在碱性PAGE中的效果好于酸性PAGE。在碱性电泳中,以0.05%～0.1%的AP和0.1%的TEMED为宜;在酸性电泳中,以0.2%的AP和0.3%～0.4%的TEMED为宜。     

Inhibiting NF-κB activation and ROS production are involved in the mechanism of silibinin's protection against D-galactose-induced senescence

Aging is featured by intelligence decline, behavioral disorders and cognitive disability. Autophagy is related to senescent development. In this study, we investigated the roles of NF-κB and autophagy in hippocampal neurons of d-galactose-induced senescent mice, and examined the protective roles of silibinin. Senescence was induced in 6-month-old mice by subcutaneous injection of d-galactose (150 mg/kg/d, for 6 weeks). Silibinin (50 mg/kg/d, intramuscular injection, for 6 weeks) or inhibitors (PDTC, 3-MA or rapamycin, 50 mg/kg/d, subcutaneous injection, for 6 weeks) were given 1 h before d-galactose exposure. Senescent control animals received vehicle for the same time. Ethological analysis, immunofluorescence staining, flow cytometric analysis, western blot and enzyme activity assays were used. Compared with senescent controls, silibinin, PDTC or rapamycin-treated mice showed upregulations of spatial recognition memory (P < 0.05), cellular oxidoreductase activities (P < 0.05) and autophagy (P < 0.05) as well as downregulations of MDA (P < 0.05) and ROS (P < 0.05) levels. We propose in d-galactose-induced murine senescence, autophagy is inhibited by NF-κB, inducing the deactivations of celluar oxidoreductases and upregulation of ROS level. The protection by autophagy and the promotion of cellular oxidoreductase activities via inhibiting NF-κB activation and ROS production are involved in the mechanism of silibinin's protection against d-galactose-induced senescence.     

葛根素、川芎嗪、丹参注射液对大脑中动脉阻断大鼠脑微循环血流量的影响

目的：探讨葛根素、川芎嗪、丹参注射治疗脑血管疾病的机理。方法：采用穿线法阻断大脑中动脉（ＭＣＡＯ）复制大鼠脑缺血模型 循环动态分析仪,观察上述药物对脑微循环灌流量的下降至结扎前的１７％左右,各用药组用后微循环血流量均较ＭＣＡＯ组是升高,其中丹参了为显著。结论：葛根素、川芎嗪１丹参可明显改善ＭＣＡＯ后脑微循环血流量,是其治疗脑血管疾病的重要机理之一。     

Anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities of ethanolic extract and its various fractions from Adiantum capillus veneris Linn

Aim of the study

To investigate the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities of the crude ethanolic extract of Adiantum capillus veneris Linn. (Adiantaceae) and its various fractions.

Materials and methods

The ethanolic extract and its fractions were given at a dose of 200 mg/kg po and 300 mg/kg po for testing their anti-inflammatory activity by carrageenan induced hind paw edema. The analgesic activity of the ethanolic extract and its fractions has been carried out by tail-flick method and writhing test at a dosage of 300 mg/kg po. Gastric ulceration studies have been further carried out to study the antiulcer effect of the ethanolic extract and its various fractions at dose of 900 mg/kg body weight.

Results

Amongst the tested fractions, the ethyl acetate fraction exhibited better inhibition (67.27%) at 300 mg/kg po dosage when compared to the standard drug Indomethacin (63.63%) after 3 h in the carrageenan induced hind paw edema. The anti-inflammatory activity of the ethanolic extract and its various fractions appear to be related to the inhibition of NO release, and the decreasing TNF-α level. The ethanolic extract and all its fractions especially the ethyl acetate (p < 0.01) showed significant analgesic activity with insignificant ulceration as compared to the standard drug, i.e. ibuprofen. The histopathological study of ethanolic extract and its fractions reveals that none of them cause ulcer.

Conclusion

The present study indicates that Adiantum capillus veneris Linn. has significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect.