Clinical parameters that predict histology of postchemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node mass in testicular cancer

BACKGROUND: Since the advent of cisplatin-based chemotherapy, the majority of metastatic testicular cancers can be cured by chemotherapy followed by retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND). However, postchemotherapy RPLND confers no therapeutic benefit if the residual mass contains no viable cells. Therefore, to determine which parameters predict a patient's likelihood of having only necrosis in the residual mass, we retrospectively analyzed clinical parameters of patients who underwent postchemotherapy RPLND. METHODS: Data from 27 patients with metastatic testicular cancer were analyzed. The histology of the primary tumor was seminoma in 11 cases and non-seminoma in 16 cases. All of the patients with non-seminoma showed a normalization of tumor markers after chemotherapy. Analysis of clinical parameters included data for the initial histology, pretreatment tumor marker levels, postchemotherapy retroperitoneal mass size, and the histology of the dissected RPLNs. RESULTS: Histological examination of dissected RPLNs showed residual tumor in 27% of seminoma patients and 38% of non-seminoma patients. In seminoma patients, no viable cells were found in all six patients with pretreatment lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels below 7.5 times the upper limit of normal, or in all five of the patients with postchemotherapy RPLNs less than 2.5 cm. In non-seminoma patients, no viable cells were found in nine of 10 patients with pretreatment alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels less than 2700 ng/mL, or in eight of nine patients with residual mass less than 2.5 cm. CONCLUSIONS: Both postchemotherapy RPLN mass size and pretreatment tumor marker levels are possible predictors for necrosis of the residual mass in testicular cancer patients.     

Liver and lung resection for colorectal metastasis

Aim: To examine the survival benefit of liver and lung resection for colorectal metastasis and the potential prognostic factors that affect patient survival. Methods: All patients who had resection of lung or liver metastasis for colorectal metastasis in Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong from 1995 to 2004 were retrospectively reviewed. The overall and disease‐free survival was analysed, in particularly between liver and lung metastasis. All factors that may have affected the survival were entered into Cox's proportional hazards regression model to identify significant variables associated with survival. Results: At 5 years, the overall survival of patients who had resection of lung and liver metastasis was 44% and 38%, respectively; the disease‐free survival was 26% and 24%, respectively. Overall and disease‐free survival of patients with resection of lung metastasis was comparable to those with resection of liver metastasis. The differentiations of primary tumour and time to metastasis were shown to be significant prognostic factors influencing overall survival. Those patients with systemic chemotherapy after resection of colorectal metastasis demonstrated a significantly higher probability of overall survival. Conclusion: Resection of lung and liver metastases from colorectal origin was safe and both procedures improved survival. The use of chemotherapy after resection of metastasis significantly improved the overall survival.     

Immunohistochemical localization of cathepsin D, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and epidermal growth factor receptor in human breast carcinoma analysed by computer image analyser: correlation with histological grade and metastatic behaviour

 

Aims:

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between immunohistochemical localization of cathepsin D (CD), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) in 65 cases of breast carcinoma in Japanese women and traditional prognostic factors such as histological grade, lymph node status, mitotic rate and clinical stage, in order to possibly identify some indicator(s) that may be specifically associated with prognosis.  

Methods and results:

Serial sections of 5-μm thick were cut from the archival formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks, and processed for CD, PCNA and EGF-R immunostaining. The results were analysed by computer-based image analysis system. All samples showed a positive immunoreaction for cathepsin D in both the parenchyma and stroma. However, the staining area and intensity varied from cell to cell in the parenchyma and stroma as well as among samples. Subsequently, the evaluation of immunostaining for CD was separately performed in both the parenchyma and stroma (CDpar and CDstr, respectively) and the combination of both components (CDtotal). PCNA and EGF-R showed positive immunostaining almost exclusively in the parenchymal component of the carcinoma tissue specimens. CDtotal significantly correlated with the histological grade, PCNA index (PI), mitotic rate (MR), EGF-R and lymph node metastasis. Significant correlation was also demonstrated between CDpar and the histological grade, EGF-R and lymph node metastasis, or between CDstr and MR, EGF-R and lymph node metastasis. EGF-R correlated highly with the histological grade, MR score, lymph node metastases and recurrence-free survival.  

Conclusions:

Both the CD parameters and EGF-R are valuable indicators for predicting the biological behaviour of human breast carcinoma.     

Synchronous growth of triple lung cancer

The case of a 75-year-old man with three synchronous carcinomas of the lung (large cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and small cell carcinoma) is reported. This is the eighth well-documented case report in the literature; however, our case is the first to be reported with the newly described histological combination.     

Regression of Pulmonary and Multiple Skeletal Metastases from Renal Cell Carcinoma by Nephrectomy and Alpha-interferon Therapy: A Case Report

We report a rare case of advanced renal cell carcinoma in apatient who showed complete resolution of metastases to thelung and bones after nephrectomy, partial jejunectomy and subsequentalpha-interferon therapy. The patient was a 54-year-old manwhose right lung and left femur metastases were detected beforenephrectomy. In the seventh week after nephrectomy, a partialjejunectomy was carried out because of the obstructive ileuscaused by intraluminal multiple metastases of the jejunum. Apathological fracture of the metastasized right humerus occurredsubsequently. After four months of intramuscular alpha-interferonadministration (3x106 units/day), however, x-rays revealed thecomplete disappearance of the metastatic lung shadow and a solidunion of the humerus, and there were no tumor cells in the femurspecimen resected at the subsequent reconstruction surgery ofthe left leg. Seven years have passed from onset, and the patientis still alive and disease free.     

肺癌脑转移83例临床分析

我所内科１９８８￣１９９３年收治肺癌患者１００６例，脑转移８３例，占８．２５％，由于治疗方法不同，其预后极其不同。手术切除加放疗化疗与单纯放疗化疗的生存率有显著性差异（Ｐ〈０．０５），放疗化疗综合组疗效预后好于单一治疗组（Ｐ〈０．０５）。因此在肺癌确诊后应常规作脑影像学检查，可早期诊断，这是提高疗效和生存捏的重要因素。     

人卵巢癌中肿瘤转移抑制基因nm23-H1编码蛋白的表达

目的：探讨人卵巢癌标本中，肿瘤转移抑制基因ｎｍ２３－Ｈ１编码蛋白ＮＤＰＫ－Ａ表达的临床意义及其与预后的关系。方法：应用免疫组织化学抗生蛋白链菌素－过氧化酶结合（Ｓ－Ｐ）法，检测５８例人卵巢癌标本中ｎｍ２３－Ｈ１蛋白水平。结果：ｎｍ２３－Ｈ１蛋白的表达与患者手术时是否有淋巴结及大网膜转移相关（Ｐ〈０．０５），但原发灶与转移灶间的阳性表达率相差不显著；与患者术后生存时间密切相关（Ｐ〈０．０１），术后生     

国产 89SrCl2治疗肿瘤骨转移灶所致骨痛临床多中心研究

目的　验证上海科兴药业公司提供的89SrCl2 注射液治疗转移性骨肿瘤所致骨痛的疗效。方法　试验采用随机、双盲、阳性药物 (英国Amersham公司生产的Metastron)对照 ,5个中心参加验证。对 90例原发病灶诊断明确的恶性肿瘤骨转移患者进行骨痛镇痛治疗 ,其中资料完整的Ⅰ组(验证组 ) 5 9例 ,Ⅱ组 (对照组 ) 2 9例 ,余 2例患者剔除。Ⅰ组中男 30例 ,女 2 9例 ,年龄 2 5～ 80 (5 9 95±13 80 )岁 ;原发性恶性肿瘤肺癌 2 1例 ,乳腺癌 2 4例 ,前列腺癌 12例 ,胃癌、肝癌各 1例 ;治疗前骨痛评分为 6～ 12 (7 5 9± 1 5 9)。Ⅱ组中男 11例 ,女 18例 ,年龄 35～ 91(5 8 93± 14 6 0 )岁 ;原发性恶性肿瘤肺癌 10例 ,乳腺癌 12例 ,前列腺癌 6例 ,胃癌 1例 ;治疗前骨痛评分为 6～ 9(7 14± 1 4 6 )。入选患者均以 14 8MBq静脉注射给药 ,疼痛得分大于 6 ,体力状况评分平均≤ 70分 ,患者预期生存期至少大于3个月。全身99Tcm 亚甲基二膦酸盐 (MDP)骨显像示多发骨骼放射性浓聚灶 ,并经实验室及其他影像学检查证实。治疗后观察 3个月。结果　Ⅰ组镇痛有效率为 6 2 71% (37 5 9例 ) ;其中无效占 15 2 4 %(9 5 9例 ) ,好转占 2 2 0 3% (13 5 9例 ) ,显效占 5 5 93% (33 5 9例 ) ,完全缓解占 6 78% (4 5 9例 )。Ⅱ组镇     

18F-FDG PET/CT对非小细胞肺癌区域淋巴结诊断的假阴性与假阳性研究

目的探讨18^F-FDG PET／CT在检测非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）区域淋巴结中出现假阴性和假阳性的因素。方法随机选择手术治疗的NSCLC患者48例，术前1周内行18^F—FDG PET／CT检查，同期行CT增强扫描，术后根据病理检查结果分析PET／CT诊断NSCLC区域淋巴结转移的假阴性与假阳性因素。结果48例患者共切除区域淋巴结313枚，转移淋巴结51枚，PET／CT结果7枚假阴性。8枚假阳性，阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为85％，97％，高于CT（57％，94％；P=0．002，0．045）。3枚假阴性淋巴结内的癌灶较小；2枚淋巴结短径约为0．4mm，小于PET／CT的空间分辨率；2枚紧邻原发灶的淋巴结，图像无法区分而视为原发灶。8枚假阳性淋巴结为患者在原发病灶基础上并发不同程度的肺部疾病和淋巴结炎症，使其糖代谢率增高。结论假阳性出于（1）淋巴结的短径小于PET／CT的空间分辨率；（2）淋巴结内的小癌灶糖代谢率较低；（3）紧邻原发灶的淋巴结与原发灶无法区分。原发肿瘤合并肺部疾病是导致PET／CT出现假阳性的重要原因。     

分化型甲状腺癌术后 131I治疗对复发的影响

目的　探讨分化型甲状腺癌 (DTC)术后复发的影响因素。方法　DTC术后随访患者 3组 :1组 2 98例 ,均为术后复发患者 ,分析首诊年龄、性别、术式、病理类型等因素对复发的影响 ;2组10 8例 ,为术后行甲状腺素替代治疗的患者 ;3组 12 4例 ,为术后行甲状腺素替代 1 31 I清除甲状腺剩余组织治疗的患者。进行后两组间年复发率对照分析。结果　① 1组DTC复发患者性别男、女之比(1∶1 5 )和病理类型滤泡状、乳头状癌之比 (1∶4 )均高于文献 (1∶2～ 3和 1∶8) ;原发灶甲状腺癌肿块切除、甲状腺单侧腺叶切除和双侧腺叶切除者复发百分率依次降低 (分别为 4 7 3%、34 2 %和 18 5 % ) ;复发多出现于术后 5年内 (6 5 1% ) ;复发部位以颈淋巴结居多 (2 3 5 % )。② 2组DTC术后 1、5和 10年复发率分别为 4 6 3%、8 33%和 12 0 4 % ,5 3 85 % (7 13例 )发生在术后 2年内 ,近端和远端复发分别占 5 3 84 %和 30 77% ;3组 1、5、10年复发率分别为 0 81%、4 0 3%和 7 2 6 % ,5 9例发生在术后 4年内 ,近端和远端复发分别为 5 9例和 2 9例。两组间差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　DTC首诊年龄、性别、术式、病理类型等对术后复发有一定影响 ;DTC术后行甲状腺素替代 1 31 I清除甲状腺剩余组织治疗可改善DTC预后 (延