表面活性剂对姜黄素类成分水溶性与抗肝纤维化作用的影响

目的研究以3种食品级表面活性剂为增溶剂增加姜黄素类成分的水溶性,并研究表面活性剂对姜黄素类成分结构、稳定性及体内抗肝纤维化作用的影响。方法采用高速分散法制备姜黄素类成分与表面活性剂的配比溶液,通过LC-MS/MS对配比溶液中姜黄素类成分进行定性分析,建立HPLC-DAD指纹图谱,进行定量分析;进一步通过肝纤维化大鼠模型评估不同质量浓度姜黄素配比溶液的抗肝纤维化作用。结果羟乙基纤维素、明胶、蔗糖酯加入的质量比为3∶5∶40,高速分散机转速为6 000 r/min时,姜黄素类成分的水溶性最大为1.387 mg/m L;LC-MS/MS分析表明,姜黄素类成分结构未改变;指纹图谱表明,有18批次样品相似度大于99%;且不同批次样品中姜黄素、脱甲氧基姜黄素、双脱甲氧基姜黄素含量稳定,RSD分别为1.60%、2.24%、3.74%;抗肝纤维化动物实验表明,游离药物混悬液组大鼠天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)水平分别为(64.1±20.3)、(45.1±13.9)U/L,而姜黄素配比溶液组为(19.4±8.7)、(11.8±4.9)U/L。结论姜黄素类成分经表面活性剂配比增溶后水溶性较游离状态(2.677μg/m L)提高了517倍,重复试验表明姜黄素类成分的化学结构与含量均稳定;增溶后的姜黄素类成分显示出更好的抗肝纤维化效果。     

表面活性剂加氟化钠涂料对牙骨质表面显微硬度的体外研究

目的 :探讨表面活性剂加氟化钠涂料防治根面龋是否优于单独用氟化钠涂料或洗必泰涂料。方法 :在离体牙釉 -牙骨质界下开窗 4mm× 4mm ,分别经洗必泰加氟化钠涂料 (简称氟泰涂料 )、洗必泰涂料、氟化钠涂料等处理后进行矿化实验和抗龋实验 ,然后测定各组牙骨质表面的显微硬度。结果 :3组矿化实验前、后牙骨质表面硬度相比 ,氟泰涂料组和氟化钠涂料组较洗必泰组均有显著差异 ,且氟泰组比氟化钠组硬度值显著增加。抗龋实验前、后牙骨质表面显微硬度值相比 ,氟泰组、氟化钠组无显著差异 ,洗必泰组、对照组均有显著差异。结论 :用氟泰涂料改善牙骨质表面硬度与氟化钠组具相同效果 ,且优于氟化钠组。     

The sodium lauryl sulfate model: an overview

Irritant contact dermatitis is a complex entity with several clinical forms (acute, cumulative, etc.) and multiple mechanisms. Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), the most widely utilized model for studying acute and cumulative irritation, has proved highly practical and informative for such studies. This article summarizes several decade of investigation, and provides details of dosing, application method (closed versus open), and biologic endpoints (visual grading, transpidermal water loss) that may be utilized in future studies.     

Surfactants and experimental irritant contact dermatitis

Surface-active agents (surfactants) are characterized by the possession of 2 different moieties, both polar and non-polar regions on the same molecule. Surfactants are broadly classified as anionic, cationic, amphoteric, or non-ionic, according to the nature of the hydrophile yielded in aqueous solution. In currently marketed household, personal, and industrial cleaners, anionic surfactants are the most common class because of their relative ability to solubilize fats is and oils, lower the surface tension of aqueous solutions, or form microemulsions. Many surfactants elicit irritant reactions when applied to the skin, partially due to their relative ability to solubilize lipid membranes. Hence, surfactants have become important implements in skin irritation investigations. In general, the physicochemical properties of surfactants are a crucial factor in eliciting skin irritation. Anionic surfactants are broadly accepted as potent irritants to human and animal skin. Cationic surfactants are reputedly at least equally irritating, but more cytotoxic than anionic, while the irritation potential of non-ionic surfactants is considered the lowest. Such classification of innumerable surfactants is convenient and held in high practical esteem. However, the categorization does not permit the exact determination of irritation and cytotoxicity potential of each surfactant. Ranking of surfactant skin irritancy and cytotoxicity obtained by both in vitro and in vivo assays provides a helpful orientation for future Work.     

Acute irritant contact dermatitis: recovery time in man

Our understanding of the details of the recovery time of acute irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) is limited. We examined skin reactivity to a model surfactant, sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS). on previous acute ICD and normal sites over time with visual grading and noninvasive instruments. Acute ICD was induced on the upper arms of 18 volunteers (aged 30 to 51 years) by occluded application of 1% SLS for 24 h. Previous ICD and normal sites were provoked by occluded application of 2% or 7.5% SLS 30 min daily 4 consecutive days. Skin reactivity was assessed daily by visual erythema scoring (VES), transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin color reflectance (SCR) and electrical capacitance (EC). Skin function of previous ICD sites assessed, by VES, TEWL. SCR, and EC did not normalize until 2 weeks later: all parameters of previous ICD returned to normal after 3 weeks. While skin reactivity to 2% und 7.5% SLS showed no differences between previous ICD and normal sites at 4 weeks, differences of irritant reactivity especially 7,5% SLS between previous ICD and normal sites were significant at 3 weeks post-provocation. Our results demonstrate that irritation evaluated with irritant provocation was long-lasting, even though skin functional parameters assessed by various bioengineering instruments returned to normal. Complete recovery of skin function including irritability after acute ICD induced by 1% SLS was achieved approximately 4 weeks later. The date were generated with a model surfactant: it remains to be determined whether similar responses will be noted with chemicals of different physicochemical properties.     

The irritation potential and reservoir effect of mild soaps

Identification and reduction of external noxious factors is one key point in the strategy for the treatment and reduction of contact dermatitis. A wide variety of soaps on the market are claimed to be suitable for the use on sensitive skin due to their mildness. The aim of the present study was to illustrate possible differences in the irritation potential of 8 products and to investigate whether surfactant residues may form an irritant reservoir on the skin. The study was double-blind, randomized using healthy human volunteers. The inherent capacity of the products to induce irritation was determined using conventional patch test technique, whereas detection of potential surfactant residues on the skin was done using a methodology developed in the 1960s for detection of the corticosteroid reservoir in the stratum corneum. The method comprised the release of active substance from the stratum corneum reservoir by occlusion of the skin with an aluminium chamber, followed by evaluation of the biological response. In the present study, the soap-treated area was rinsed with water and then occluded. Instrumental measurements of the transepidermal water loss and superficial skin blood flow served as indicators of the injurious effects of the products. The results showed large differences in irritation potential between the products, and some of them demonstrated considerable damaging effect. Moreover, the study proved the presence of barrier-impairing residues on the skin after rinsing with water. Subclinical skin damage can make the skin vulnerable to further irritation and delay recovery of chronic irritant contact dermatitis.     

肺表面活性物质治疗豚鼠分泌性中耳炎前后咽鼓管的组织形态学变化

目的　研究肺表面活性物质对分泌性中耳炎的治疗作用 ,为分泌性中耳炎的治疗探索新的途径。方法　采用灭活的肺炎链球菌鼓室内注射 ,建立豚鼠分泌性中耳炎的动物模型 ,鼓室内注射肺表面活性物质 1周后检测听性脑干反应 (auditorybrainstemresponse ,ABR)反应阈的变化 ,观察肺表面活性物质治疗前后咽鼓管黏膜光镜和电镜下的组织形态学变化。结果　豚鼠鼓室内注射灭活肺炎链球菌悬浮液 5d后 :鼓室积液 ,鼓膜浑浊 ,光锥消失 ,ABR平均 ( x±s)反应阈由正常对照组的 (14 0± 3 1)dB提高至 (45 0± 5 7)dB ;豚鼠咽鼓管黏膜层增厚 ,黏膜面有无结构的红染物覆盖 ,纤毛排列紊乱。经肺表面活性物质治疗 1周后 :鼓室积液减少或消失 ,ABR平均反应阈由 (45 0± 5 7)dB降低为(2 3 5± 6 3)dB。t检验分析 ,造模组与肺表面活性物质治疗组反应阈差异有极显著性 (P <0 0 0 1) ;豚鼠咽鼓管黏膜层变薄 ,纤毛排列较整齐 ,朝向鼻咽侧。结论　肺表面活性物质对豚鼠分泌性中耳炎有治疗作用。