论中医“症”描述的准确性与规范化

“症”是中医诊断体系中最具体的要素,症状信息规范化其关键在于明确“症”的认识和理解,文章系统分析中医“症”的内涵,分析目前“症”规范化中存在的主要问题,如缺乏统一标准、各家之言迥异、中西医“症”的混杂等,这些一定程度上阻碍了中医临床与科研,不利于中医学术的交流及中医诊断学的现代化研究。因此提出从明确症名定义、统一规范症名、拆分复合症名、区分症状轻重、避免诊断性症名、纳入客观指征等几个方面对中医“症”的描述进行规范,通过建立系统标准体系,进行“症”的量化分级,规范信息采集过程,借助微观指标辨证等开展中医“症”的规范化研究。     

证素及证素辨证研究的思考

本文就朱文锋教授创立的"证素及证素辨证",从证素基本概念内容特征及发展、证素与证候要素辨识、证素数理研究方法、舌象与证素关系的研究以及证素相关的实验临床研究进展进行概述,指出"证素"有望使中医诊治变得精准化、规范化,但证素的研究需要在全国范围内建立统一的、规范的、有共识的研究机构,对所有证素进行逐一的规范化研究.     

Testing for skin sensitization according to the notification procedure for new chemicals: the Magnusson and Kligman test

The notification procedure for new chemicals in the European Union (called the Chemicals Act in Germany) requires a skin sensitization test when the amount of a new chemical produced exceeds 100 kg/year. The preferred test is that of Magnusson and Kligman; more than 90% of the tests submitted are performed with it. Though the Magnusson and Kligman test is described in the literature, and in the test guidelines of the European Union and of the OECD, discrepancies do occur in the performance of the test between test laboratories. In this paper, recommendations are given for standardized performance of the Magnusson and Kligman test.     

膝部穴位针刺安全浅析

从针刺的角度、方向、深度、手法及治疗目的等方面进行针刺的规范化研究,认为膝周穴位针刺多宜直刺,针刺深度宜为1～1.5寸,刺激量以放射1～3次为宜。     

中医护理病历标准的研究

本文介绍了国家中医药管理局重点科研课题“中医护理病历标准化研究”的科研成果。翔实地阐述了该项研究的必要性以及研究过程。简要地介绍了该项成果的具体内容。同时从专家评价、推广应用、获奖情况等方面证实了该项成果的先进性、科学性、实用性和可行性。     

A Novel Way of Standardization of ICG Lymphangiography Reporting

Background  Indocyanine green (ICG) lymphangiography is being increasingly employed to assess the severity of lymphedema, locate the areas of patent linear lymphatics and dermal backflow and plan treatment. This study suggests a novel method of reporting ICG findings in extremities to enable easy understanding among surgeons and physiotherapists and avoid repeat testing when a patient visits a disparate lymphedema center or clinician. Methods  A reporting protocol was developed in the lymphedema clinic of the plastic surgery department, and patients were asked to bring along the report in every subsequent review. The ICG findings were recorded on the fluorescence imaging system as well. The report was prepared by one and analyzed by two different clinicians without repeating the test on 10 consecutive patients. Results  The interrater reliability of findings in the report was found to be 98.7% among the three clinicians. Conclusion  The reporting system was found to be illustratable and reproducible     

浅析军医大学课程考核成绩综合评价方法

现阶段绝大多数医科院校将原始成绩作为比较学员成绩优劣的唯一标准,这种方法不够科学。本文探讨单门课程的成绩处理和多门课程的成绩分析相结合的方法,优化成绩的分布、比较不同学员的综合成绩,更科学、公平地评价学员的综合成绩。     

【特刊综述】睾酮和雌二醇检测方法面临的挑战和取得的进展

在患者护理、公共卫生、科学研究过程中类固醇激素的检测方法需要正确而精准,因为这些检测的标准可以保证所有的临床机构和研究机构的结果具有可比性。本文陈述了目前有关检验结果易变的主要问题以及最近美国疾病预防控制中心（CDc）针对提升检验效果所做的工作。目前,睾酮和雌二醇的检测方法还无法达到高度的正确性和精准性。虽然类固醇激素检测方法已经有了长足的进步,但是实验室内部和实验室之间的检测差异仍然未能得到相应的改善。检测标准和特异性的差异被认为是测量精度变异性的来源。最终认为,类固醇激素检测的不准确性似乎是由综合因素造成的,其中不一致的检验标准和缺乏特异性被认为是产生结果变异的两个主要因素。目前,同一批次内的化验结果也变异较大,特别是在样本浓度低的情况下。2007至2011年间的质谱分析法和CDC参考方法之间的平均绝对偏差下降了50％,由此可以看出CDC激素标准化测试程序正在提高临床化验的准确性。这种测试程序可以为CDC参考方法提供追朔源头的途径,从而减少产生测量结果变异的因素。     

Innervation zone locations in 43 superficial muscles: Toward a standardization of electrode positioning

Introduction: We describe the innervation zone (IZ) location in 43 muscles to provide information for appropriate positioning of bipolar electrodes for clinical and research applications. Methods: The IZ was studied in 40 subjects (20 men and 20 women) using multichannel surface electromyography (sEMG). Signal quality was checked visually to identify motor unit action potentials and estimate muscle fiber conduction velocity. Results: Results in 33 muscles were classified as excellent or good, because it was possible to identify an area which is favorable for appropriate positioning of an electrode pair without the need to previously determine the IZ location. Conclusions: Knowledge of IZ location will increase standardization and repeatability of sEMG measures. Muscle Nerve 49 :413–421, 2014