50种传统清热解毒药的抑菌实验

本文报告了传统药物文献收载的５０种清热解毒药的抑菌实验结果。显示抑菌作用的有４１种，占８２％。对阳性球菌显示有抑菌作用的有３６种；对阴性杆菌显示有抑菌作用的有２４种。其中的地胡椒、金果榄、毛果算盘子等显示有较广的抗菌效应，值得进一步研究。     

Inhibition or enhancement of kindling evolution by antiepileptics

Summary The influence of antiepileptics on the evolution of rat amygdaloid kindling was studied.Under placebo conditions clonic convulsions and a spike-wave EEG pattern developed. Diazepam, clonazepam, clobazam and phenobarbital were most effective in suppressing the evolution of kindling; the effects of valproate sodium, ethosuximide and acetazolamide were somewhat less pronounced in this respect. Carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine and phenytoin, on the other hand, enhanced kindling development, i.e. the increase in duration of after-discharge was faster than in the placebo group. The results indicate that under the above experimental conditions drugs with no anti-absence component can be distinguished from those with an anti-absence component. The mechanism of action underlying the observed effects is not yet known; the hypothesis that under special conditions protective inhibitory neuronal activity can develop to absence type seizures is proposed.     

维甲酸对原发性高血压大鼠心肌血管平滑肌增殖的作用及其机制

目的:探讨维甲酸对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)心肌、血管平滑肌增殖的影响和肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统(RAS)所起的作用。方法:18只SHR大鼠随机分为全反式维甲酸治疗组、对照组、卡托普利治疗组,每组6只。分别予治疗组和对照组皮下注射全反式维甲酸(ATRA)10mg/Kg体重或溶媒,高血压药物治疗组予卡托普利0.25mg/Kg体重管饲,每天一次,均疗程4周。疗程结束后观察各组SHR大鼠心肌、血管平滑肌(VSMC)增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)的变化以及心肌ACE-mRNA、ACE2-mRNA的表达。结果:维甲酸治疗组心肌、血管平滑肌增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)表达显著低于对照组(P<0.01),卡托普利治疗组的PCNA表达也显著低于对照组(P<0.01),但维甲酸治疗组与卡托普利组比较也有显著差异(P<0.01);维甲酸治疗组ACE-mRNA的表达低于卡托普利组及对照组(P<0.01),卡托普利组ACE-mRNA的表达也低于对照组(P<0.01);而维甲酸组ACE2-mRNA的表达则高于对照组及卡托普利组(P<0.01),后两组之间则无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论:维甲酸能抑制SHR模型心肌、血管平滑肌PCNA的表达,并在增加ACE2-mRNA表达的同时减少ACE-mRNA的表达,从而有可能干预增殖性血管疾病的病程。     

Platelet aggregation,disc haemorrhage and progressive loss of visual fields in glaucoma

Platelet aggregationin vitro, deterioration of visual field defects (VFD) and the prevalence of disc haemorrhages (DH) were assessed in 49 patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and compared with the findings for 67 individuals with suspected glaucoma (GS) in a seven-year follow-up study (range 5.8 to 8.2 years). The percentage patients with spontaneous platelet aggregation (SPA) was higher for POAG patients with visual field deterioration (60%) than both POAG patients without progressive loss of visual fields (12.5%; P<0.005) and those with suspected glaucoma (22.4%; P<0.005). The occurrence of DH was higher among POAG patients with progressive loss of visual field (28%) compared to the GS group (8.4%; P<0.025) and the group of patients consisting of POAG patients without deterioration of VFD and GS (9.9%; P<0.05). DH also occurred more often in patients with low tension glaucoma (41.6%) than in the remaining POAG patients (13.5%; P<0.05). No relation between the patients with SPA and the patients with DH was observed.Abbreviations NPB normal platelet behavior - SPA spontaneous platelet aggregation - DH disc haemorrhage     

1,3-Dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine attenuates the NMDA response to hypoxia in the rat hippocampus

Excitatory amino acids may cause neuronal damage and death in cerebral hypoxia and ischemia, through the activation of different subtypes of glutamate receptors, in particular of the (NMDA) receptor. In the present work, the effect of hypoxia on the component of the field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fepsp) mediated by the NMDA receptor was studied in the hippocampal CA1 area of the rat. A period of 15 min of hypoxia induced virtual abolition of the NMDA receptor-mediated fepsp and a 94.8 ± 0.7% maximal decrease in the fepsp. A period of 3 min of hypoxia induced a 89.3 ± 12.3% maximal decrease in the NMDA receptor-mediated component of the fepsp and only a 50.8 ± 11.5% maximal decrease in the fepsp. Both periods of hypoxia thus induced a more pronounced depression of the NMDA receptor-mediated component of the fepsp than of the fepsp. We found that 48.5 ± 9.1% decrease (about half of the total decrease) in the NMDA receptor-mediated fepsp, and 51.6 ± 19.6% decrease (approximately all decrease) in the fepsp induced by hypoxia (3 min) were reversed in the presence of the selective adenosine A₁ receptor antagonist, 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine (DPCPX) (50 nM), and thus likely to be mediated by endogenous adenosine, through the activation of adenosine A₁ receptors. On the other hand, under the conditions we assumed to be normoxic in our slices, DPCPX (50 nM) induced a much larger increase in the amplitude of the NMDA receptor-mediated fepsp compared to the increase in the fepsp, which suggest that endogenous adenosine is inhibiting predominantly the NMDA receptor-mediated fepsp under these conditions. Hypoxia markedly decreases the NMDA receptor-mediated fepsp in the hippocampal CA₁ area. The contribution of endogenous adenosine to the inhibition of the NMDA receptor-mediated fepsp may be fundamental for its neuroprotective effects.     

复发性自然流产患者绒毛滋养细胞FasL的表达

目的探讨复发性自然流产患者(RSA)绒毛滋养细胞FasL的表达与正常者有无差异。方法应用免疫组化和RT-PCR法,检测RSA患者和正常早孕妇女的绒毛滋养细胞FasL在蛋白水平和mRNA水平的表达,并进行图象分析和比较。结果免疫组化结果显示,绒毛合体滋养细胞和细胞滋养细胞的胞浆和胞膜上均有FasL表达,FasL在2组的定位无差异,但正常组绒毛滋养细胞FasL表达(PU=18.03±4.69)强于RSA组(PU=13.59±3.73),P<0.050。RT-PCR结果表明RSA组绒毛组织FasL在mRNA水平的表达为0.18±0.05,低于正常组0.27±0.06,差异有显著性意义(P<0.01)。结论不明原因RSA患者的绒毛滋养细胞FasL表达弱于正常者,滋养细胞FasL的表达减少可能在复发性自然流产中起重要作用。     

Heterotopic ischemic pain attenuates somatosensory evoked potentials induced by electrical tooth stimulation: diffuse noxious inhibitory controls in the trigeminal nerve territory.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the late component of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) induced by electrical tooth stimulation and pain intensity are inhibited by heterotopic ischemic stimulation. The tourniquet pressure with 50 mmHg greater than the individual's systolic pressure was applied to the left upper arm for 10 min as ischemic conditioning stimulation. The late component of SEP and visual analogue scale (VAS) were recorded at 4 times and both were significantly decreased when ischemic conditioning stimulation was applied. The maximum reductions in SEP amplitude and the VAS value were 26.1% and 21.2%, respectively, during ischemic conditioning stimulation. After-effect was observed 5 min after removal of the conditioning stimulation. The present study revealed that heterotopic ischemic stimulation attenuated the late component of SEP induced by electrical tooth stimulation, triggering diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNIC) and after-effects in the trigeminal nerve territory. It was also suggested that the DNIC effect differs, depending on the intensity, kind, and quality of the test and conditioning stimuli.     

自发性食管破裂的护理

目的 总结自发性食管破裂患者的护理措施，提高护理水平。方法 在保守及手术治疗的同时，严密观察病情变化，做好心理护理，加强呼吸道、消化道及各种管道的护理。结果 7例患者治愈出院。结论 精心的专业化护理在治疗自发性食管破裂中起重要作用。     

Post-traumatic spontaneous recurrent hypothermia: a variant of Shapiro's syndrome

A 49-year-old man presented with episodic hypothermia many years after sustaining a contusional brain injury. Brain magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated the destruction of the anterior parts of the corpus callosum without hypothalamic lesions. Nevertheless, delayed hypothalamic dysfunction at the neurotransmitter level is the probable pathophysiological key factor. Clomipramine treatment was beneficial. This case expands the spectrum of Shapiro's syndrome.