The impact of spleen volume on the survival of metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients receiving nanoliposomal irinotecan

Nanoliposomal irinotecan (nal-IRI) plus 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin (NalFL) comprises the current standard for gemcitabine-failed metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). As liposomes generally accumulate in the spleen, we evaluated the impact of spleen volume on prognosis. We enrolled patients with metastatic PDAC who failed gemcitabine-based therapy and were initiated on NalFL between August 2018 and November 2020. The spleen volume before NalFL administration was evaluated. They were stratified into dose subgroups (i.e. low, < 48 mg/m²; intermediate, 48 - < 64 mg/m²; high, ≥ 64 mg/m²) by the average nal-IRI dose during the entire treatment, and multivariate analysis of overall survival (OS) was performed. We included 547 patients with a median age of 63 years (range, 27-89 years) and a median of 1 (range, 0-7) palliative chemotherapy regimen. The median spleen volume was 245 mL (range, 82-817 mL). Among patients with splenomegaly (≥ 245 mL), the low-dose subgroup had the worst median time to treatment failure (TTF, 1.8 months vs. 2.5 months vs. 2.5 months, P = 0.020) and OS (3.3 months vs. 5.9 months vs. 6.6 months, P = 0.018) as against no prognostic impact in patients without splenomegaly. In the multivariate analysis of patients with splenomegaly, performance status (PS) ≥ 2, body surface area (BSA) < 1.6 m², prior fluoropyrimidine use, liver metastasis, and low-dose subgroup were independent poor prognostic factors. A low average nal-IRI dose was significantly associated with poor prognosis, especially among patients with splenomegaly. Further pharmacological studies should validate the relevance of spleen volume on the treatment outcomes of nal-IRI.     

李凫坚治疗抗痨药物导致白细胞减少症的临床经验

[目的]本文从气血不足的角度探讨抗痨药物导致的白细胞减少症的诊治要点以及中医药治疗本病的思路。[方法]白细胞减少症是抗痨药物导致的常见副作用之一。本文从本病的病因、临床表现、发病特点、辨证要点以及疗效和预后出发,以益气健脾补血为法,观察对2.5×109/L~3.0×109/L及3.0×109/L~4.0×109/L不同范围的白细胞减少症患者的疗效,确立以气血亏虚为其主要发病机理,从而提出更为有效的治疗方法。[结果]以补气养血为法,在常规升白细胞治疗方案中加用以八珍汤为主方加减的中药治疗后,不同程度病情的患者外周血白细胞均可迅速升至正常。[结论]益气健脾补血法对于本病具有良好的疗效,具有进一步研究指导临床的意义,对于抗结核治疗的顺利施行具有良好的辅助作用。     

异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯免疫毒性的实验研究

本文选用小鼠溶血空斑形成试验研究了异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)对Bal/C小鼠脾细胞的作用,选用ANAE染色法观察了IPDI对SD大鼠外周血T细胞的影响,并采用体外培养方法研究了IPDI对人外周血T细胞在PHA刺激下增殖转化的影响。结果表明,IPDI对小鼠脾脏抗体生成细胞的数量和功能均有抑制作用,并呈现出剂量-反应关系;而对细胞免疫反应在大鼠和人均表现为双向作用。     

温肾健脾活血固精方治疗系膜增殖性肾炎临床研究

目的：观察温肾健脾活血固精方治疗脾肾阳虚夹血瘀型系膜增殖性肾炎的临床疗效。方法：将60例脾肾阳虚夹血瘀型系膜增殖性肾炎患者分为治疗组和对照组。治疗组30例,以温肾健脾活血固精方为基本方加西药治疗;对照组30例,单纯予以西药治疗。观察两组患者治疗前后临床症状、体征、细胞免疫、体液免疫、血β_微球蛋白（β microglobulin,β_MG）、24 h尿蛋白定量变化情况,判定临床疗效。结果：治疗组患者临床症状、体征和免疫功能改善情况均优于对照组（ P<0.05）,且患者血β_MG、24 h尿蛋白定量较对照组明显降低（ P<0.05）;治疗组有效率为86.7%,显著高于对照组的60.0%,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（ P<0.05）。结论：温肾健脾活血固精方对脾肾阳虚夹血瘀型系膜增殖性肾炎有较好的临床疗效。     

茵芍散对慢性乙肝湿热蕴脾证患者血清HA、IV-C水平的影响

观察茵芍散对慢性乙型肝炎湿热蕴脾证患者血清 HA、IV-C水平的影响。选择 64例慢性乙型肝炎湿热蕴脾证患者 ,随机分为 2组 ,分别在治疗前及治疗 1个月后观察各组上述指标变化。结果显示 :治疗组血清HA、IV-C含量明显降低 ,症候疗效明显改善 ,与对照组比较差异有显著性 (P<0 .0 5 )。说明茵芍散能改善血液循环 ,具有抗肝纤维化作用     

ADULT SPLENIC INJURIES: TREATMENT PATTERNS AND PREDICTIVE INDICATORS

Background : With the trend towards conservation in splenic trauma, the ability to identify a group of patients for whom we can safely offer conservative treatment becomes an important factor. Methods : Data were reviewed from the trauma register at the Auckland Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand, in an attempt to isolate any predictive factors that may allow more appropriate allocation of treatment modalities in the future. Methods of treatment were determined and the success or failure of conservative management noted. Differences in the demographics, Injury Severity Score (ISS) and computed tomographic (CT) findings were particularly sought. Results : Over a period of 111 weeks 48 patients were admitted with splenic injuries. Fifteen (31.2%) had immediate splenectomy, 27 (56.2%) were initially treated non-operatively and six (10.1%) died pre-operatively. Of the non-operative group eight (29.6%) failed this management at an average of 4.125 days into their hospital stay. No differences were found in age, mechanism, gender or ISS between the failed and successfully treated group. Using the Buntain classification of CT-graded splenic injury, 13 (87%) who had successful non-operative treatment had a grade II or III compared with six (86%) who failed this management being grade IV. Conclusion : Although these results did not reach statistical significance, by coupling the trends seen together with other work, CT grading of splenic injury is a predictive indicator and does appear to have a role in the early allocation of patients to appropriate treatment plans.     

闭合性腹部损伤脾破裂非手术治疗的探讨

目的探讨闭合性腹部创伤脾破裂非手术治疗的可行性。方法对１９９５年１月至１９９７年３月间行手术和非手术治疗的３２倒闭合性腹部创伤脾破裂患者的临床表现和治疗结果进行回顾性分析。结果脾破裂非手术治疗患者１２例占同期脾破裂病例的３７．５％（１２／３２）,男１０例,女２例,平均年龄３５岁（１６～５０岁）。非手术组患者其损伤程度较手术组患者轻。非手术治疗失败１例,治疗成功率９２％。平均住院日为１６天,出院随访１～２７个月未发现有并发症,其中１０例随访３个月以上,其ＣＴ检查示脾脏损伤均已愈合。结论合适的选择脾破裂患者行非手术治疗是安全、有效的。     

脾脏钝伤的CT诊断

本文回顾性分析了３２例脾脏钝伤ＣＴ平扫的表现；对脾损伤进行ＣＴ分类；指出腹腔积血和脾周血块（“哨兵血块征”）在诊断脾损伤方面的作用。ＣＴ平扫诊断钝性脾脏损伤是一种敏感、可靠的方法，可帮助外科医生制订治疗方案。ＣＴ平扫诊断钝性脾损伤的灵敏度为９４％，诊断正确率为９１％