悬雍垂腭咽成形术治疗睡眠呼吸障碍的有效性与安全性的系统评价

目的系统评价悬雍垂腭咽成形术(UPPP)治疗睡眠呼吸障碍的有效性及安全性.方法电子检索MEDLINE(1966～2005)、EMBASE(1984～2005)、Cochrane图书馆(2005年第1期)、中国生物医学文献光盘数据库(1979～2005)、中文学术期刊全文数据库(1994～2005)、中文科技期刊全文数据库(1989～2005),中文生物医学期刊数据库(1994～2005)、万方数据库以及互联网资料.文献检索语种限制为英文及中文.纳入有关UPPP的随机对照试验、半随机对照试验以及前瞻性对列研究.由两名研究者独立对纳入研究的方法学进行质量评价,资料统计分析采用RevMan4.2.7软件.结果共纳入12个研究,其中随机对照研究5个,前瞻性队列研究7个.UPPP与口腔矫形器(DA)比较,DA组多导睡眠呼吸监测(PSG)参数的改变优于UPPP组,但UPPP组术后生存质量评价及治疗依从性优于DA组;UPPP与激光悬雍垂腭咽成形术(LAUP)、低温等离子射频消融术(RFTVR)比较,后两者术后疼痛较UPPP组轻,术后并发症发生率UPPP与LAUP比较差异无统计学意义,与RFTVR比较除术后1周鼻腔反流的发病率较高外,其余差异无统计学意义.没有试验对UPPP与LAUP及RFTVR术后PSG参数的改变进行比较;与持续鼻腔正压通气比较,UPPP对PSG参数改变更优.结论目前尚无充分证据表明UPPP治疗睡眠呼吸障碍疗效优于其它治疗,也无证据表明哪种治疗方式疗效最佳.由于本研究纳入的文献语种仅限于中文及英文,可能会漏掉一些有价值的文献;所纳入的文献数量少、质量低,使论证强度受到一定限制,在今后的临床工作中有必要进行大样本含量,高质量的临床随机对照研究.     

橡胶外科手套固定呼吸回路的应用

目的 探讨橡胶外科手套固定呼吸回路的应用效果.方法 选取本院收治的80例需上呼吸机患者作为研究对象,随机分为对照组和观察组,各40例.观察组采用橡胶外科手套配合固定,对照组采用呼吸机本身支架调节,比较两组的应用效果.结果 观察组的并发症发生率为0.O％,显著低于对照组的15.0％,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.观察组的舒适度显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 采用橡胶外科手套固定呼吸回路,操作简单,成本较低,值得临床推广使用.     

Myeloid-related protein-8/14 and C-reactive protein in individuals evaluated for obstructive sleep apnea

BackgroundObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and obesity are often present concomitantly. Their potential contribution to inflammation remains an ongoing debate. The objectives of this study were to investigate whether variables of sleep-disordered breathing are associated with levels of myeloid-related protein-8/14 (MRP-8/14) or C-reactive protein (CRP), and to characterize how adiposity interacts with these associations in individuals evaluated for possible OSA.MethodsConsecutive individuals referred to Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital’s sleep laboratory between 1st October 2009 and 1st March 2010 were included. We characterized the biomarker distribution sampled the morning after sleep and related these to clinical characteristics and variables recorded during polygraphy or polysomnography.ResultsOf the total study population of 222 individuals, 161 (72.5%) were diagnosed with OSA (apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) ⩾5/h). In baseline models (multiple median regression adjusted for age and sex), AHI was independently associated with MRP-8/14 (P = 0.025) and CRP (P < 0.001). The associations were attenuated after the addition of body mass index (BMI), but remained statistically significant for CRP (P = 0.025). However, in final models adjusted for additional factors (systolic blood pressure, cholesterol:high-density lipoprotein ratio, glycosylated haemoglobin, smoking, and cardiovascular disease), only average oxygen saturation for MRP-8/14 (P = 0.028) and oxygen desaturation index (ODI) for CRP (P = 0.037) remained independent predictors of inflammation, whereas AHI lost its predictive value (MRP-8/14; P = 0.30 and CRP; P = 0.092). The association between several variables of sleep-disordered breathing and inflammation were stronger in individuals with a higher BMI (P for interaction <0.05 for AHI, nadir oxygen saturation, and time <90% oxygen saturation).ConclusionsNo definitive indication of independent immunological activity resulting from apneas and hypopneas was found in final models adjusted for other factors associated with inflammation, whereas average oxygen saturation for MRP-8/14 and ODI for CRP remained statistically significant predictors. Interactions were observed between BMI and several variables of sleep-disordered breathing on MRP-8/14 and CRP levels.     

High incidence of stroke in young women with sleep apnea syndrome

ObjectivePatients with sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) carry a higher stroke risk. The differential stroke risk between sex and among different age groups has not yet been specifically addressed in previous studies.MethodsUsing a universal insurance claims database, we identified a large cohort of SAS patients from 1997 to 2010 and assessed the sex- and age-specific stroke risk compared with a control cohort matched for age, sex, and index date. Cox regression analyses were performed to assess the hazard ratio (HR) of stroke and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). Stroke-free probabilities were computed using the Kaplan–Meier method and differences between both cohorts were examined using the log-rank test.ResultsWe identified 29,961 patients with SAS and a control cohort of 119,844 subjects without SAS. The overall incidence of stroke in the SAS cohort was 37% higher compared to the non-SAS cohort (54.6 per 10,000 individual-years vs 39.8 per 10,000 individual-years). After controlling for sex and comorbidities, the SAS cohort exhibited a 19% higher risk for stroke compared to the control cohort (adjusted HR, 1.19 [95% CI, 1.09–1.30]). Women with SAS ages 35 years or younger had the highest stroke risk compared to older age groups of the same sex and their risk for stroke was relatively higher compared to their male counterparts.ConclusionWomen aged 35 years or younger with SAS have a higher stroke risk.     

CT引导下空针导航联合平静呼吸法在肺亚厘米结节穿刺活检中的应用价值

 目的 探讨CT引导下空针导航联合平静呼吸法在穿刺活检肺亚厘米结节的应用价值。方法 选取2016-05至2018-10武警四川总队医院放射科诊断的肺亚厘米结节(≤1 cm)患者63例,在 CT引导下应用空针导航联合平静呼吸法进行穿刺取材,统计分析穿刺活检成功率、术后相关并发症及术后病理诊断结果。结果 空针导航联合平静呼吸法穿刺活检成功率为98.4%(62/63);术后气胸发生率20.6%(13/63),术后出血发生率31.7%(20/63);病例随访中均未发现感染或肿瘤播散转移等。成功穿刺活检的62例中:鳞癌4例,腺癌21例(原位腺癌3例),转移癌2例,恶性黑色素瘤1例;慢性炎性反应19例,肉芽肿性炎7例,粉尘沉着伴淋巴细胞增生5例,肺泡上皮增生2例,真菌1例。结论 对肺亚厘米结节患者采用空针导航联合平静呼吸法进行穿刺活检安全可靠且成功率高,是诊断早期肺癌的重要手段。