Effect of Ki‐67 on Immunohistochemical Classification of Luminal A to Luminal B Subtypes of Breast Carcinoma

It has recently been proposed to include an immunohistochemical marker of cell proliferation, Ki‐67, as an element with which to classify the molecular subtypes of breast cancer. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the introduction of the Ki‐67 marker on the molecular classification of breast cancer by immunohistochemistry. This study was performed on 234 cases of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast submitted to two immunohistochemical classification panels, one including Ki‐67 and the other not. The data obtained with the two classifications were correlated with well‐established prognostic factors such as histologic grade, the number of lymph nodes affected and tumor size. The molecular classification without Ki‐67 identified: 136 cases of luminal A (58.1%), 19 cases of luminal B (8.1%), 27 cases of human epidermal growth‐factor receptor 2 overexpressing (11.5%), 27 cases of basal‐like (11.5%), and 25 cases of nonbasal‐like triple‐negative tumors (10.7%). When Ki‐67 was included, this situation changed significantly, with the following cases being identified: 72 cases of luminal A (30.8%) and 83 cases of luminal B tumors (35.5%), resulting in a Kappa score of 0.216. Evaluation of correlations between the luminal A and luminal B tumor subtypes and the selected prognostic factors showed a statistically significant difference only when Ki‐67 was included and only with respect to histologic grade (p < 0.001). The new classification with Ki‐67 significantly altered the prevalence of the luminal A and luminal B subtypes and improved correlation with the histologic grade.     

循环功能不稳定中国一类捐献供体行体外膜肺氧合支持的护理

目的探讨体外膜肺氧合用于循环功能不稳定中国一类器官捐献供体的器官保护效果及护理要点。方法对13例血流动力学不稳定的国际标准化脑死亡器官捐献(DBD)供者,经股动静脉插管,实施体外膜肺氧合支持下于手术室获取供肝和供肾;术中做好循环、呼吸支持,及时调整药物用量,预防感染及记录各项数据等护理。结果 13例DBD供者行体外膜肺氧合转流期间,血流动力学逐步稳定,获取有效肾脏26个用于26例受者、有效肝脏12个用于12例受者,肾移植、肝移植手术均顺利完成。结论体外膜肺氧合是捐献供体器官保护的有效治疗手段,有效的护理是体外膜肺氧合成功运行的重要保证。     

骨巨细胞瘤基因组学研究进展

骨巨细胞瘤( giant cell tumor of bone,GCTB)通常被认为是一种交界性骨肿瘤,具体发病机制不详且易复发,目前除了手术暂无其他有效的治疗方案。但随着快速减法杂交( rapid subtractive hybridization,RaSH)和实时定量聚合酶链式反应( quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, qRT-PCR)等技术在GCTB研究领域的运用,基因突变、基因表达谱、基因转染及信号通路等基因组学事件在GCTB中得到了进一步的探索。这些研究正逐渐揭示了GCTB的发病机制,同时也改进了这种骨肿瘤的早期诊断及治疗方案。本文旨在总结GCTB基因组学研究现状,以期能发现早期特异性诊断指标,并在此基础上改进治疗方案及减少该病的术后复发率。     

The role of MR diffusion in differentiation of malignant and benign hepatic focal lesions

Aim

To determine if focal liver masses could be differentiated as benign or malignant by DWI and ADC maps.

Methods and materials

Sixty focal liver lesions were scanned using 1.5 T MRI. DWI was performed with b 0, b 500 and b 1000 gradients with ADC measurements. Comparison of mean ADC values between each benign and malignant lesion was done. Reference standard of diagnosis was obtained by correlating DWI with histopathologic findings and imaging follow-up. The accuracies of DWI and ADC values were assessed with the Student’s t test, and cut-off values were determined with receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.

Results

When ADC value of 1.0 × 10⁻³ mm²/s was used as a threshold value for differentiation of malignant tumors from benign lesions, sensitivity was 90.3%, specificity 78.57% and accuracy 86.7%. The best result was obtained with the use of ADC cut off value (at b 500) of 1.5 × 10⁻³ mm²/s and ADC cut off value (at b 1000) of 1.0 × 10⁻³ mm²/s, with 90.3% sensitivity, 92.86% specificity, 91.1% accuracy, 96.6% positive predictive value and 81.3% negative predictive value.

Conclusion

DWI and ADC map is a useful tool in differential diagnosis of malignant from benign liver lesions.     

Magnetic resonance imaging of cervical carcinoma using an endorectal surface coil

Introduction

The objective of this trial is to investigate the diagnostic value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with an endorectal surface coil for precise local staging of patients with histologically proven cervical cancer by comparing the radiological, clinical, and histological results.

Materials and methods

Women with cervical cancer were recruited for this trial between February 2007, and September 2010. All the patients were clinically staged according to the FIGO classification and underwent radiological staging by MRI that employed an endorectal surface coil. The staging results after surgery were compared to histopathology in all the operable patients.

Results

A total of 74 consecutive patients were included in the trial. Forty-four (59.5%) patients underwent primary surgery, whereas 30 (40.5%) patients were inoperable according to FIGO and underwent primary radiochemotherapy. The mean age of the patients was 50.6 years. In 11 out of the 44 patients concordant staging results were obtained by all three staging modalities. Thirty-two of the 44 patients were concordantly staged by FIGO and histopathological examination, while only 16 were concordantly staged by eMRI and histopathological examination. eMRI overstaged tumors in 14 cases and understaged them in 7 cases.

Conclusions

eMRI is applicable in patients with cervical cancer, yet of no benefit than staging with FIGO or standard pelvic MRI. The most precise preoperative staging procedure still appears to be the clinical examination.     

采集表面肌电信号应用于动作识别的可行性*

背景：文献表明上肢前臂运动时所产生的表面肌电信号具有非线性特征,而肢体运动时肌电信号又呈现出非平稳特性。目的：设计一种简单的拾取电路采集表面肌电信号,拟应用于动作肌电信号的特征识别。方法：根据表面肌电信号的特点,设计高共模抑制比的前端放大电路,抑制共模干扰;采用低通滤波电路,有源双T带阻滤波器对信号进行去噪处理;对采集得到的信号进行小波包变换,得到信号的特征量。结果与结论：所设计的表面肌电信号检测电路具有较高共模抑制比,并能有效地滤除50 Hz工频信号,可以满足肌电信号采集电路的基本要求。肌电信号的处理结果表明采用子频段能量值的方法可以区分手部4种不同动作。     

注射用头孢硫脒多晶型表征方法的研究

目的通过研究头孢硫脒多晶型的有效表征方法,探索不同厂家产品的晶体特征及分类。方法本文采用NIR、FTIR、Raman、XRD、TGA和MDSC等多种技术手段,建立注射用头孢硫脒混晶特征的表征方法。结果分子光谱及成像方法揭示了注射用头孢硫脒晶型特征为混晶。NIR法能够综合反映物质的理化性质,宏观地表征并区分各制剂混晶特征的差异;XRD法能够精确表征制剂晶体特征的细微差异,而MDSC法则有效地表征混晶中的晶体及其相对关系等特征,二者结合能够在没有晶型标准品的情况下,推出各晶体的XRD特征峰信息,进一步对混晶中晶体进行定性。上述3种方法结果相互验证,互为补充。结论 NIR法可作为晶型分类的首选方法,有晶型标准品时,XRD法为晶型特征首选表征方法,无晶型标准品时可使用MDSC法结合XRD法晶体特征信息,进而实现晶型特征表征。通过对头孢硫脒制剂的晶型特征的表征,我们可以进一步探索产品的质量控制水平和稳定性等工艺信息。     

脑梗死OCSP分型和预后

目的了解脑梗死患者OCSP临床分型的构成及不同亚型与预后及复发的关系。方法采用回顾性队列研究,登记2002年1月~2005年6月第四军医大学西京医院神经内科确诊的617例脑梗死患者,按照OCSP标准分型并进行随访,分析各亚型与预后及复发的关系。结果OCSP各亚型构成比分变为:TACI占7.3%,PACI23.3%,POCI6.0%,LACI63.4%,分型与预后明显相关,TACI的预后最差,POCI和LACI预后相对较好,PACI次之,卒中复发与分型无明显相关。结论OCSP分型作为一种脑梗死临床分型方法,可以为脑梗死的预后判断提供参考依据。