Soft Tissue Releases Affect the Femoral Component Rotation Necessary to Create a Balanced Flexion Gap During Total Knee Arthroplasty

The structures that were released to balance the extension gap were recorded during 1500 consecutive TKA procedures, and the amount of femoral component external rotation (ER) necessary to balance the flexion gap was measured with a tensiometer. The amount of ER necessary to balance the flexion gap significantly decreased as more medial structures were released (1 structure = 4.7°, 2 = 4.1°, 3 = 2.8°, 4 or more = 1.1°, P < 0.012), whereas significantly greater ER was necessary when three or more lateral structures were released (1 structure = 5.3°, 2 = 5.5°, 3 or more = 8.6°, P < 0.03). Soft tissue releases affected the amount of femoral component ER necessary to balance the flexion gap, bringing into question the ability of techniques utilizing bony landmarks to properly align the femoral component in rotation.     

Assessment of loading history of compartments in the knee using bone SPECT/CT: A study combining alignment and 99mTc‐HDP tracer uptake/distribution patterns

This study investigates if the mechanical/anatomical alignment influences the intensity values as well as the distribution pattern of SPECT/CT tracer uptake. Eighty‐five knees (mean age 48 ± 16) undergoing 99mTc‐HDP‐SPECT/CT due to pain were prospectively included. SPECT/CTs were analyzed using a previously validated localization method. The maximum intensities in each femoral, tibial, and patellar joint compartment (medial, lateral, central, superior, and inferior) were noted using a color‐coded grading scale (0–10). The Kellgren–Lawrence osteoarthritis score (KL) was assessed on standardized radiographs. Long leg radiographs were used to assess the mechanical/anatomical leg alignment, which was classified as varus, valgus, or neutral. The alignment and KL was correlated with the intensity of tracer uptake in each area of interest (p < 0.05). The intensity of SPECT/CT tracer uptake in the medial and lateral knee compartment significantly correlated with varus or valgus alignment of the knee. A higher degree of osteoarthritis was significantly related to higher tracer uptake in the corresponding joint compartments. SPECT/CT reflects the specific loading pattern of the knee with regard to its alignment. It is also related to the degree of osteoarthritis. Hence, SPECT/CT should be considered for follow‐up of patients after realignment treatments, osteotomies, deloader devices, or insoles. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31: 268–274, 2013     

Intraoperative Measurements of Femoral Anterior Tangent (FAT) Line for Determining the Rotational Alignment of Femoral Component of Total Knee Arthroplasty

Previously, we reported using CT images that the anterior surface of the femur immediately proximal to the trochlea and its tangent line (femoral anterior tangent line; FAT line) could be used as a good index of the femoral rotation. In this study, we developed a jig that allowed us to measure the FAT line during surgery, and we examine the relation between preoperative and intraoperative measurement values. The results indicated that the average intraoperative measurement value of the ‘surgical’ FAT line was 9.8° ± 3.2° internally rotated using surgical transepicondylar axis reference. This value significantly correlated to preoperative FAT line/clinical transepicondylar axis angle. These findings demonstrated that FAT line is a useful index for appropriate rotational alignment of femoral component, both before and during TKA.     

正常及骨性关节炎膝关节股骨远端旋转对线MRI比较研究

目的对正常及内翻畸形骨性关节炎膝关节行MRI测量,探讨股骨远端旋转对线的变化以指导临床。方法 MRI扫描60侧正常膝关节(A组)、40侧轻度(B组)及20侧重度(C组)内翻畸形骨性关节炎膝关节,MRI上定位STEA、CTEA、PCL、WL、AFA为骨性标志物,测量并比较3组CSA、PCA、CTA、WSA、WCA、AFSA、AFCA。结果 3组间CSA、WSA、WCA、AFSA、AFCA比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。A组与B组、B组与C组的PCA、CTA比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但A组与C组的PCA、CTA比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论重度内翻畸形骨性关节炎影响股骨PCA及CTA,两者在C组有所减小;WSA、WCA不受骨性关节炎的影响,但角度变异较大,不能只用WL决定股骨假体的旋转;AFSA、AFCA不受骨性关节炎的影响,两者变异小(标准差为2.18°及2.38°),参照该轴放置股骨假体较可靠。     

The lumbar lordosis index: a new ratio to detect spinal malalignment with a therapeutic impact for sagittal balance correction decisions in adult scoliosis surgery

Purpose

Sagittal malalignment is frequently observed in adult scoliosis. C7 plumb line, lumbar lordosis and pelvic tilt are the main factors to evaluate sagittal balance and the need of a vertebral osteotomy to correct it. We described a ratio: the lumbar lordosis index (ratio lumbar lordosis/pelvic incidence) (LLI) and analyzed its relationships with spinal malalignment and vertebral osteotomies.

Methods

53 consecutive patients with a surgical adult scoliosis had preoperative and postoperative full spine EOS radiographies to measure spino-pelvic parameters and LLI. The lack of lordosis was calculated after prediction of theoretical lumbar lordosis. Correlation analysis between the different parameters was performed.

Results

All parameters were correlated with spinal malalignment but LLI is the most correlated parameter (r = −0.978). It is also the best parameter in this study to predict the need of a spinal osteotomy (r = 1 if LLI <0.5).

Conclusion

LLI is a statistically validated parameter for sagittal malalignment analysis. It can be used as a mathematical tool to detect spinal malalignment in adult scoliosis and guides the surgeon decision of realizing a vertebral osteotomy for adult scoliosis sagittal correction. It can be used as well for the interpretation of clinical series in adult scoliosis.     

CT三维重建下探讨BSSRO术舌侧水平截骨线与骨劈开效果的关系

目的:应用CT三维重建来探讨双侧下颌骨矢状劈开截骨术舌侧水平截骨线与骨劈开效果的关系,为下颌骨矢状劈开截骨术舌侧水平截骨位置的选择提供指导。方法:选择17例双侧下颌骨前突患者(34例),经过下颌骨矢状劈开截骨术,术后应用三维重建观测水平截骨线及劈开效果。结果:只有10.87%的劈开结果理想(符合Hunsuck描述),54.35%的劈开效果较理想,32.61%的穿过了下颌管,4.35%穿过了其它部位。劈开的效果直接受水平截骨位置的影响(P<0.01)。结论:三维CT在评价下颌骨矢状劈开截骨术效果方面是有效的工具,为下颌骨矢状劈开截骨术选择舌侧水平截骨线位置提供重要数据,并能降低不良劈开的发生率。     

150例健康成人下颈椎矢状位曲度相关影像学参数测量及临床意义

目的　获取健康人群下颈椎矢状位曲度的相关基础参数,分析其临床意义。 方法　选取本院150例健康体检者的站立中立位颈椎侧位片,按照年龄及性别进行分组,测量下颈椎曲度（cervical spinal angle,CSA）、T1倾斜角（T1-slope,TS）、C2~7矢状位轴向距离（C2~7 sagittal vertical axis,C2~7 SVA）,并进行统计学分析。 结果　健康成人CSA、TS、C2~7 SVA分别为（20.28±6.86）°、（25.81±5.54）°、（15.74±5.96）mm。经独立样本t检验,男女组间CSA、TS有统计学差异（P<0.05）,C2~7 SVA无统计学差异（P>0.05）。单因素方差分析显示,CSA、TS、C2~7 SVA随年龄增长逐步增大,TS、C2~7 SVA在不同年龄段差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,女性不同年龄段CSA差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,但男性各年龄段CSA差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。Person相关分析发现,TS与CSA（r=0.592,P<0.01）,TS与C2~7 SVA（r=0.308,P<0.01）呈正相关。 结论 健康人群CSA,TS存在性别差异,CSA,TS,C2~7 SVA随年龄增长呈现增大趋势;CSA,TS,C2~7 SVA的正常值及TS与CSA和C2~7 SVA正相关性,为颈椎手术中下颈椎矢状位曲度固定提供参考。     

改良后足力线X线测量方法研究及其对平足患者的评估价值

目的 探讨一种新的基于X线片的后足力线拍摄和测量方法,及其对平足患者的评估准确性。方法 前瞻性对照研究。纳入西安交通大学附属红会医院足踝外科自2018年1—12月收治的28例(40足)平足患者(平足组),20名(40足)健康志愿者(对照组),采用自主设计的Saltzman位拍摄架,分别进行10°、15°、20°、25°、30°后足力线位X线拍摄。比较两组年龄、性别、侧别、体质量指数(BMI)的差异。比较对照组标准Saltzman位(20°位)X线片改良胫骨后足角(THA)测量法与van Dijk法和改良van Dijk法测量后足力线角度的结果;比较三种测量方法对照组THA的测量结果与文献报道的负重CT下测量THA结果的差异。观察所有影像学资料在五种投射角度下胫距关节的可见率,并评估改良THA测量方法在不同投照角度的差异。通过改良THA法,测量平足患者的后足外翻角度。结果 平足组患者与对照组年龄、性别、侧别、BMI差异均无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05)。三种测量方法的组内一致性均为优,改良THA测量法一致性最佳(组内相关系数为0.928);对照组中改良THA法测量的后足力线角度大于van Dijk法和改良van Dijk法,差异有统计学意义(F=0.092, P＜0.01);改良THA测量结果与负重CT测量结果差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。胫距关节可见率:对照组10°、15°、20°投射均可见(100%,40/40),25°投射部分可见(70%,28/40),30°位均不可见(0%,0/40);平足组10°投射均可见(100%,40/40),15°、20°投射部分可见(分别为80%、32/40,45%、18/40),25°和30°均不可见(0%,0/40)。对照组的改良THA法测量值在10°、15°、20°投射分别为4.84°±1.81°、4.96°±1.77°、4.94°±2.04°,差异无统计学意义(F=1.570, P＞0.05);平足组在10°、15°、20°投射均可见18足,其改良THA法测量值分别为13.58°±3.57°、13.62°±3.83°、13.38°±4.06°,差异无统计学意义(F=0.197, P＞0.05)。结论 改良THA测量方法操作简单,存在较高的组内一致性,可以用于后足力线评估。对于平足患者,基于10°位X线拍摄,采用改良THA法测量后足力线角度,可以准确地反映后足外翻程度。     

A Multi-Planar CT-Based Comparative Analysis of Patient-Specific Cutting Guides With Conventional Instrumentation in Total Knee Arthroplasty

Patient specific guides (PSGs) are postulated to improve the alignment of components in total knee arthroplasty. Three hundred consecutive total knee arthroplasties performed with either conventional (CON) (n = 185) or Visionaire PSG (n = 115) were evaluated with a CT protocol for coronal limb alignment, coronal and sagittal alignment of individual components and femoral component rotation. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in any of the above parameters. In addition, no difference was found in total operative time. PSGs do not offer any benefit over conventional guides in terms improving the coronal alignment of the limb or alignment of individual components.     

Evaluation of Medial-Lateral Stability and Functional Outcome Following Total Knee Arthroplasty: Results of a Single Hospital Joint Registry

A precept of a successful total knee arthroplasty (TKA) would be a well balanced, stable knee. We analyzed the effects of medial-lateral (ML) stability on functional outcome at 2 years post-operatively. Prospectively collected Joint Registry data of all unilateral primary TKAs between 2004 and March 2008 were used. ML stability (Group 1: < 5°, Group 2: 6°–9°, Group 3: ≥ 10°) was assessed by 3 independent researchers. 1500 patients undergoing 1507 arthroplasties were divided into their various groups. Outcome assessment involved range of motion (ROM) and functional outcome, using the Knee Society Function Score (KSS), Oxford Knee Score (OKS) and SF-36 score. At 2 years, Group 1 patients reported significantly higher KSS (P < 0.001) and SF-36 scores. All groups had good post-operative ROM. A stable knee (ML stability < 5°) post TKA is likely associated with significantly better functional outcome.