双开门椎管扩大成形术中椎板开门角度与椎管矢状径增加值的关系

【摘要】 目的：探讨双开门椎管扩大成形术中椎板开门角度与椎管矢状径增加值之间的关系。方法：根据三角函数知识推理双开门椎管扩大成形术中椎板开门角度与椎管矢状径增加值之间关系的公式：d=h×（sinβ/sinα-1）,α角是术前椎板与冠状面的夹角,β角是术后椎板与冠状面的夹角,h是双开门椎弓正中劈开点到两侧椎板开门处连线的垂直距离,d是术后椎管矢状径增加值。在2010年9月~2014年4月期间实施双开门椎管扩大成形术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病患者32例,其中C3～C7节段20例,C3～C6节段12例。术前及术后1周时在C3～C7节段各椎弓根层面的CT轴位片上应用PACS软件测量α、β、h、d。根据所测量的C3～C7各节段α、β、h值,应用公式计算相应节段的d值。应用配对t检验及Pearson相关分析比较各节段PACS软件直接测量所得的椎管矢状径增加值和公式计算得出的椎管矢状径增加值两组数据,以验证此公式的正确性。结果：C3~C7各节段公式计算得出的椎管矢状径增加值分别为5.15±0.47mm、5.39±0.47mm、5.22±0.37mm、5.25±0.25mm、4.35±0.35mm;PACS软件直接测量所得的椎管矢状径增加值分别为5.17±0.40mm、5.43±0.52mm、5.27±0.44mm、5.29±0.28mm、4.38±0.33mm;将各节段的两组数据分别进行配对t检验分析,t值分别为0.42,0.68,1.58,1.38,1.11,各节段的两组数据间差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）;将各节段的两组数据分别进行Pearson相关性分析,r值分别为0.8953,0.8155,0.9159,0.7821,0.9238,各节段的两组数据间有相关关系（P<0.001）。结论：公式d=h×（sinβ/sinα-1）准确反映了双开门椎管扩大椎板成形术中椎板开门角度与椎管矢状径增加值之间的关系,在双开门椎管扩大成形术中,应用公式根据椎板开门的角度能预测椎管矢状径的增加值。     

微创经椎间孔腰椎体间融合术与传统开放手术对退变性腰椎滑脱症腰椎-骨盆矢状位参数的不同影响

【摘要】 目的：比较微创经椎间孔腰椎体间融合术（transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion,TLIF）与传统开放后路腰椎体间融合术（posterior lumbar interbody fusion,PLIF）治疗退变性腰椎滑脱症对腰椎-骨盆矢状位参数的不同影响。方法：回顾性分析比较2010年6月~2013年6月符合纳入标准的L4单节段退变性腰椎滑脱症48例患者的临床资料,其中23例采用传统开放PLIF治疗（开放组）,25例采用微创Quadrant系统下TLIF治疗（微创组）。在包含双侧股骨头的站立位腰椎侧位X线片上,测量微创组与开放组术前及末次随访的滑脱度（SP）、腰椎前凸角（LL）、骨盆入射角（PI）、骨盆倾斜角（PT）、骶骨倾斜角（SS）、腰骶角（LSA）、滑脱角（SA）及L1铅垂线与S1距离（LASD）参数变化,采用相关分析分析各参数间的相关性。结果：开放组的滑脱复位率（ΔSP）为（67.42±33.80）%,明显高于微创组的（36.59±50.68）%（P<0.05）。微创组末次随访时的LL为43.03°±14.07°、SA为3.12°±4.02°,均明显低于术前的46.53°±15.72°、6.10°±5.64°（P<0.05）。开放组的ΔSA为2.53°±6.63°,明显高于微创组的-2.98°±5.42°（P<0.05）。开放组的ΔLASD为-4.10±14.53mm,明显低于微创组的3.48±9.01mm（P<0.05）。术前SP与LASD、ΔSA与ΔLL具有正相关关系,ΔLL与ΔPT具有负相关关系。结论：对于退变性腰椎滑脱,微创TLIF和开放PLIF都能明显地使滑脱椎体复位,但开放PLIF的滑脱复位率较高。微创TLIF可明显减小LL、SA,导致融合节段相对后凸。开放PLIF可明显减小LASD,更有助于改善脊柱-骨盆矢状位力线平衡。     

Genetic analysis of HA gene of pandemic H1N1 2009 influenza viruses circulating in India

The H1N1 2009 influenza pandemic took the health care workers by surprise in spite of warning about influenza pandemic. Influenza A virus has the ability to overcome immunity from previous infections through the acquisition of genetic changes by shift or drift. Thus, understanding the evolution of the viruses in human is important for the surveillance and the selection of vaccine strains. A total of 23 pandemic A/H1N1 2009 viral HA gene sequences were downloaded from NCBI submitted during March and May 2010 by NIV and were analysed. Along with that the vaccine strain A/California/07/2009 was also downloaded from NCBI. All the sequences were used to analyse the evolution of the haemagglutinin (HA) by phylogenetic analysis. The HA gene could be divided into four groups with shift from 1 to lV revealing that the HA genes of the influenza A viruses evolved in a sequential way, in comparison to vaccine strain A/California/07/2009. Amino acid sequence analysis of the HA genes of the A/H1N1 2009 isolates, revealed mutations at positions 100, 220 and additional mutations in different positions 114, 171, 179, 190, 208, 219, 222, 239, 240, 247, 251, 260 and 285 .The mutations identified showed the adaptation of the new virus to the host that could lead to genetic changes inherent to the virus resulting in a reassortant which could be catastrophic, hence continuous monitoring of strains is mandatory.     

下颌升支截骨手术相关下颌管解剖标志的多层CT测量研究

目的:应用多层CT影像测量下颌骨与升支矢状劈开截骨手术相关下颌管骨性解剖标志,为避免手术中损伤下齿槽神经血管提供指导。方法:选择60名正常成人下颌骨多层CT扫描图像,应用efilm1.94图像处理软件分别在第二磨牙远中的垂直线,磨牙后三角尖至下颌角连线及下颌孔下5 mm处取下颌骨断面,测量下颌管的解剖位置。结果:下颌管在下颌第二磨牙远中断面距颊侧骨面的距离为6.26±4.34 mm;在磨牙后三角尖至下颌角连线断面距颊侧骨面的距离为5.18±2.12 mm;在下颌孔下5 mm断面距颊侧骨面的距离为4.44±2.38 mm。结论:参照测量获得的解剖数据在术中能降低下齿槽神经血管损伤的发生率。     

Femoral Bow Predicts Postoperative Malalignment in Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty

Diaphyseal bowing may compromise axial alignment in revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA). 277 patients undergoing revision TKA were evaluated for coronal bowing and hip–knee–ankle (HKA) axis. The mean femoral bow was 1.52° ± 0.18° varus (− 10.1° to + 8.4°). The mean tibial bow was 1.25° ± 0.13° valgus (− 5.9° to + 10°). HKA axis averaged 3.08° ± 0.35° varus preoperatively compared to 0.86° ± 0.25° varus postoperatively. Inter-rater and intra-rater reliability was high. Femoral bow greater than 4° significantly correlated with postoperative HKA axis malalignment (r = 0.402, P = 0.008). 39.7% of patients deviated 3° or greater from a neutral mechanical axis with a significant difference in femoral bow (0.94° ± 0.31°, P = 0.003). Diaphyseal bowing clearly has an important effect on postoperative limb alignment in revision TKA.     

Radiographic study of kinematic total knee arthroplasty

One thousand sixty-nine consecutive cemented Kinematic Condylar total knee arthroplasties performed by one group of orthopaedists were studied. The maximum follow-up period was 7 years. Most patients had rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis, and the average patient age was 67 years (range, 12-90 years). Aseptic revisions for loosening were required for only one tibial component and six patella components. Average postoperative flexion was 2.5-107 degrees. The preoperative to postoperative change in range of flexion was not affected by the tilt angle of the tibial component in the sagittal plane. With the use of external alignment guides, the average postoperative alignment was ideal but the standard deviation was high; the standard deviation and the extremes were lower when intramedullary guides were used. There was a 14% incidence of femoral radiolucency and a 30% incidence of tibial radiolucency, which increased only slightly with time. Most radiolucencies on the tibial side were small and restricted to the extreme edges; rarely did radiolucency occur around the central peg. More than one half of the thicker radiolucencies occurred adjacent to wedge-shaped bone defects that were filled with cement.     

Preoperative Cervical Cobb Angle Is a Risk Factor for Postoperative Axial Neck Pain after Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion with Zero‐Profile Interbody

ObjectivesAnterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) with zero‐profile interbody has a lower incidence of complications in treating cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). However, postoperative axial neck pain is still commonly occurred, and the factors affecting which is not known. Here, we retrospectively analyze the risk factors for postoperative axial pain after performing ACDF with zero‐profile implant in single‐level CSM.MethodsPatients who suffered from single‐level CSM and who received ACDF with zero‐profile implant between 2018 January to 2020 December were reviewed. Of 180 single‐level CSM patients, 144 patients who passed the inclusion criteria were enrolled. Patients were divided into two groups according to the severity of postoperative axial pain as measured by postoperative neck visual analogue scale (nVAS). Clinical parameters including age, sex, smoking history, symptom duration, body mass index (BMI), the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores, as well as radiological parameters were obtained pre‐ and post‐operatively, and the data were compared between two groups. Pearson''s chi‐square tests and Mann–Whitney U tests were implemented to identify statistically significant differences between subgroups for categorical and continuous data, respectively; otherwise, the data were tested with Student''s t‐test. Risk factors were identified using logistic regression.ResultsOf the patients (97.8%) achieved satisfied neurological recovery, and 88.2% of the patients achieved fusion at 1‐year follow‐up. 33% of the patients (48 patients out of 144) had sustained postoperative axial pain after the surgery. Comparison of different severity groups exhibited no significant differences in terms of the possible risk factors (P > 0.05) except for pre‐ and post‐operative C2–C7 Cobb angles (6.33 ± 6.53 vs. 11.88 ± 7.41, P < 0.05; 13.49 ± 5.31 vs 16.64 ± 7.34, P < 0.05). Furthermore, correlation analysis showed that the preoperative C2–C7 Cobb angle is significantly correlated with the severity of the postoperative axial pain (R² = 0.83, P < 0.01). In addition, logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the preoperative C2–C7 Cobb angle is an independent predictor of postoperative axial pain (P < 0.01, OR = 0.53). Further receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis displayed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.78 (P < 0.01) for preoperative C2–C7 Cobb angle, and the optimal cutoff was 8.4° (sensitivity 0.77, specificity 0.65).ConclusionThe pre‐operative C2–C7 Cobb angle is a risk factor for severe postoperative axial pain after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with zero‐profile interbody, and we should be cautious when poor preoperative C2–C7 Cobb angle is found in myelopathy patients planning to use zero‐profile interbody to treat such patients.     

比较基因组学平台的设计与实现

目的开发一个基于Web的本地服务器支持的功能全面的基因组比较和可视化平台,以加快对基因组的分析。方法构建以Apache HTTP服务器为平台的WEB服务器,采用Perl语言编程,优选整合了MUMmer、LAGAN、Mauve等多个基因组学研究的软件和算法,针对生物学家不同的应用目的,可直接在网页上提交基因组序列数据和参数选项,经平台处理的结果通过网页以图形化的方式返回用户。结果该平台可以处理多种序列数据输入格式,实现了完整的基因组序列和草图基因组序列比对,近远源物种的双基因组或多基因组比对,基因组间的同线性区域寻找,以及定位大范围的基因组重组(基因插入/缺失、重复、重排和水平转移)和小的核苷酸突变等功能;并将结果以图形化的方式显示。应用本平台,对10种新型甲型流感病毒株作基因组同源性分析,表明PB1基因可能来自于人H3N2,PB2、PA基因可能来自于禽类H3N2,而HA、NS基因可能来自于猪H1N1。在本平台上还对结核分枝杆菌(H37Rv、CDC1551)和牛分支杆菌(AF2122/97)基因组的研究分析,发现插入/缺失和重复序列是导致三个菌株基因组差异的主要来源。结论该平台功能资源整合较全面,应用界面友好,...     

口腔正畸排齐阶段采用Laceback技术或弹力牵引对正畸效果的影响

目的:对比Laceback或轻弹力牵引在口腔正畸排齐阶段对牙列的影响及正畸效果的影响.方法:纳入拔除4个第一前磨牙病人44例,应用MBT直丝弓矫正器进行矫治,应用随机数字表法均分为2组,对照组应用轻弹力牵引尖牙,观察组应用Laceback牵引尖牙.对比2组牙列移动情况及疗程时间.结果:观察组尖牙牙尖远移距离明显长于对照组,尖牙倾斜度变化明显小于对照组,疗程时间明显长于对照组(P<0.01);2组治疗后尖牙间宽度均明显增加,仅对照组治疗后尖牙旋转度明显下降(P<0.01).结论:口腔正畸排齐阶段采用Laceback技术对尖牙的控制更稳定,但排齐时间更长.     

不同身高正常中国成人下肢负重轴线的比较研究

目的比较不同身高正常中国成人下肢负重轴线数据，为下肢矫形手术提供参考。方法选择正常健康成人无下肢任何疾病志愿者，男女各分成3个不同的身高组，每组各25名，共150名。拍摄两下肢站立负重位全长图像，经计算机处理得到高清晰度和高准确度的两下肢全长骨骼图像。图像经计算机辅助定位划线，自动计算出下肢各轴线度数，将男、女各不同身高组数据分别进行比较。结果不同身高组男性或女性下肢轴线各个角度的差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论不同身高组正常男性或女性下肢力线并无明显差异，在行膝关节置换术及对下肢对线异常进行矫正时可不必考虑身高因素。