术前颈椎过伸功能与颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术后前凸角度丢失的关系

目的 探讨术前颈椎过伸功能与颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术后前凸角度丢失的关系。方法 回顾性分析首都医科大学大兴教学医院骨科2017年1月-2018年12月58例行颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术患者临床资料,其中男45例、女13例,年龄49~85岁(平均64.8岁)。术前测量患者中立侧位X线片上的T₁倾斜角、矢状面垂直轴(SVA),以及中立侧位、过伸位X线片的C₂~C₇ Cobb角。随访12~24个月,术后再次测量中立侧位X线片上的C₂~C₇ Cobb角。术前颈椎过伸功能测量值为术前过伸位X线片C₂~C₇ Cobb角度减去术前中立侧位X线片C₂~C₇ Cobb角。前凸角度丢失量为术前中立侧位片C₂~C₇ Cobb角减去末次随访时中立侧位片C₂~C₇ Cobb角。依据58例患者术前颈椎过伸功能均值(8.7°)分为两组,≥8.7°为A组,＜8.7°为 B 组。比较两组患者术前及术后影像及临床资料,同时对58例患者的影像学资料与临床资料进行相关性分析。结果 A组25例患者年龄54~83岁,B组33例患者年龄49~85岁,两组患者术前年龄、性别、疾病种类差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。术前A组颈椎过伸功能(14.09°±4.75°)大于B组(4.62°±2.54°),A组T₁倾斜角(17.00°±3.40°)小于B组(29.68°±6.34°),颈椎前凸角度丢失[1.10(-0.85,4.00)]小于B组[8.60 (7.70,12.40)],差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.01)。颈椎过伸功能与前凸角度丢失之间呈负相关(r=-0.965, P＜0.01),T₁倾斜角与前凸角度丢失之间呈正相关(r=0.954, P＜0.01),颈椎过伸功能与T₁倾斜角呈负相关(r=-0.900, P＜0.01);SVA与T₁倾斜角、颈椎过伸功能、术后前凸角度丢失均无相关性(r=-0.065、0.216、-0.202, P＞0.05)。术后JOA评分改善率与过伸角度变化、SVA及T₁倾斜角均无相关性(r=0.201、-0.034、-0.213, P值均＞0.05)。A组术后JOA改善率为69%±23%,B 组术后JOA改善率为62%±23%,两组差异无统计学意义(t=1.147, P＞0.05)。术后Odom's分级评价A组优良率为88.0%(22/25),B组优良率为63.6%(21/33),差异有统计学意义(χ² =4.403, P<0.05)。结论 对于后路单开门椎管扩大成形术患者,颈椎过伸功能与前凸角度丢失存在相关性,术前过伸功能越低,术后越易发生前凸角度丢失,可作为术前预判术后颈椎曲度变化的参数之一。     

Milk-Fat Intake and Differences in Abdominal Adiposity and BMI: Evidence Based on 13,544 Randomly-Selected Adults

The primary purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the relationship between milk-fat intake and obesity, particularly abdominal obesity, in 13,544 U.S. adults. A lesser objective was to measure the degree to which the association was influenced by multiple potential confounding variables. This cross-sectional study used data from the 2011–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Quantity of milk-fat regularly consumed was the exposure variable. Sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD), a measure of abdominal obesity, and body mass index (BMI) were the outcome variables. Sagittal abdominal diameter is a strong predictor of visceral abdominal fat, when measured by computed tomography, and has been shown to predict cardiometabolic disorders better than BMI. After controlling for age, race, gender, physical activity, leisure computer use and gaming, alcohol habits, and cigarette use, significantly lower BMIs were associated with consistent non-fat and full-fat milk consumption (F = 4.1, p = 0.0063). A significantly lower SAD was associated only with regular consumption of non-fat milk (F = 5.0, p = 0.0019). No significant differences were detected between the other milk-fat groups or milk abstainers. In this nationally representative sample, only 19.6% of adults regularly consumed low-fat milk. In conclusion, consistent non-fat milk intake was predictive of lower levels of abdominal adiposity compared to consumption of higher levels of milk-fat.     

Prevalence of Risk Factors for Adverse Spinopelvic Mobility Among Patients Undergoing Total Hip Arthroplasty

BackgroundPatients with adverse spinopelvic mobility have higher complication rates following total hip arthroplasty (THA). Risk factors include a stiff lumbar spine, standing posterior pelvic tilt ≤ ?10°, and a severe sagittal spinal deformity (pelvic incidence minus lumbar lordosis mismatch ≥20°). The purpose of this study is to define the spinopelvic risk factors and quantify the prevalence of risk factors for pathologic spinopelvic mobility.MethodsA retrospective cohort analysis from January 2014 to February 2020 was performed on a multicenter series of 9414 primary THAs by 168 surgeons, all with preoperative spinopelvic measurements in the supine, standing, and flex-seated positions. All patients were included. The prevalence of adverse spinopelvic mobility and frequency of each spinopelvic risk factor was calculated.ResultsThe cohort was 52% female, 48% male, with an average age of 65 years. Thirteen percent of patients exhibited adverse spinopelvic mobility and 17% had one or more of the 3 risk factors. Adverse mobility was found in 35% of patients with at least 1 risk factor, 47% with at least 2 risk factors, and 57% with all 3 risk factors.ConclusionForty-six percent of patients had spinopelvic pathology driven by one or more of the risk factors. Number of risk factors present and risk of adverse spinopelvic mobility were positively correlated, with 57% of patients with all 3 risk factors exhibiting adverse spinopelvic mobility. Although this study defines the prevalence of these risk factors in this highly selected cohort, it does not report incidence in a general THA population.Level of EvidencePrognostic Level IV.     

The Functional Status of the ACL in Varus OA of the Knee: The Association With Varus Deformity and Coronal Tibiofemoral Subluxation

BackgroundThe present article analyzes the association of the functional anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) status and the overall varus deformity and coronal tibiofemoral subluxation (CTFS) in varus OA of the knee.MethodsOne hundred consecutive knees with varus OA in 84 patients were prospectively included. Knees were divided into two groups, in accordance with the ACL status (functionally sufficient or insufficient). All included patients were potential candidates for unicompartmental knee arthroplasty with predominantly medial compartment OA. Knees with Kellgren/Lawrence ≥ grade 3 in the lateral compartment were excluded leaving 79 knees to be included in this study. Mechanical varus deformity and CTFS were evaluated on AP radiographs and valgus stress radiographs, and compared between the two groups.ResultsKnees with a functionally insufficient ACL had significantly more varus deformity on hip-to-ankle AP standing radiographs (P = .001) and on valgus stress radiographs (P = .017). CTFS on AP standing radiographs was significantly higher (P = .045) in knees with a functionally insufficient ACL. Seventy-three percent (8/11) of the ACL-insufficient knees had a varus deformity of ≥10° and 64% (7/11) of ACL-insufficient knees had CTFS ≥ 6mm. By contrast, only one patient (2%, 1/41) with an insufficient ACL had< 10° varus deformity and a CTFS of < 6mm.ConclusionFunctional ACL insufficiency in osteoarthritic varus knees is associated with greater varus deformity and more advanced CTFS. Seventy-three percent of ACL-insufficient knees had a varus deformity of ≥10° and 64% of ACL-insufficient knees a CTFS of ≥ 6mm. In the work-up for medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty, functional ACL insufficiency is likely in knees with varus deformity of ≥10° and CTFS of ≥ 6mm.     

The Effect of Functional Pelvic Tilt on the Three-Dimensional Acetabular Cup Orientation in Total Hip Arthroplasty Dislocations

BackgroundAnterior and posterior pelvic tilt appears to play a role in total hip arthroplasty (THA) stability. When changing from the standing to the sitting position, the pelvis typically rotates posteriorly while the hips flex and this affects the femoro-acetabular positions. This case-control study compares changes in 3-D acetabular cup orientation during functional pelvic tilt between posterior THA dislocations vs stable THAs.MethodsStanding and sitting 3-D cup orientation was compared between fifteen posterior dislocations vs 233 prospectively followed stable THAs. 3-D cup orientation was calculated using previously validated trigonometric algorithms on biplanar radiographs. Those algorithms combine the angles in the three anatomical planes (coronal inclination, transverse version, and sagittal ante-inclination) in the standing position with the change in sagittal pelvic tilt from standing to sitting to calculate the 3-D orientation in the sitting position.ResultsThe standing cup orientation of the dislocated THAs was only characterized by a lower coronal inclination (P = .039). Compared with the controls, from standing to sitting, they showed less posterior pelvic tilt (P < .001). This led to a significant lower coronal inclination (P < .001) and sagittal ante-inclination (P < .001) in the sitting position but similar transverse version (P = .366).ConclusionsComparing posterior THA dislocations to stable THAs, there is a lower increase of all three orientation angles from standing to sitting. This leads to a decreased sitting coronal inclination and sagittal ante-inclination which may lead to an increased risk of impingement ensued by THA instability. By contrast, the transverse version was not significantly different in both positions. This confirms the importance of biplanar data on functional cup orientation.Level of EvidenceDiagnostic, Level III.     

Alignment in Medial Fixed-Bearing Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty: The Limb Has a Leg Up on the Component

BackgroundTo assess how implant alignment affects unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) outcome, we compared tibial component alignment of well-functioning UKAs against 2 groups of failed UKAs, revised for progression of lateral compartment arthritis (“Progression”) and aseptic loosening (“Loosening”).MethodsWe identified 37 revisions for Progression and 61 revisions for Loosening from our prospective institutional database of 3351 medial fixed-bearing UKAs performed since 2000. Revision cohorts were matched on age, gender, body mass index, and postoperative range of motion with “Successful” unrevised UKAs with minimum 10-year follow-up and Knee Society Score ≥70. Tibial component coronal (TCA) and sagittal (TSA) plane alignment was measured on postoperative radiographs. Limb alignment was quantified by hip-knee-ankle (HKA) angle on long-leg radiographs. In addition to directly comparing groups, a multivariate logistic regression examined how limb and component alignments were associated with UKA revision.ResultsIn the Progression group, component alignment was similar to the matched successes (TCA 3.6° ± 3.5° varus vs 5.1° ± 3.5° varus, P = .07; TSA 8.4° ± 4.4° vs 8.8° ± 3.6°, P = .67), whereas HKA angle was significantly more valgus (0.3° ± 3.6° valgus vs 4.4° ± 2.6° varus, P < .001). Loosening group component alignment was also similar to the matched successes (TCA 6.1° ± 3.7° varus vs 5.9° ± 3.1° varus, P = .72; TSA 8.4° ± 4.6° vs 8.1° ± 3.9°, P = .68), and HKA was significantly more varus (6.1° ± 3.1° varus vs 4.0° ± 2.7° varus, P < .001). Using a multivariate logistic regression, HKA angle was the most significant factor associated with revision (P < .001).ConclusionIn this population of revised UKAs and long-term successes, limb alignment was a more important determinant of outcome than tibial component alignment.Level of EvidenceLevel III case-control study.     

桔梗叶绿体比较基因组学分析及系统发育研究

目的 以桔梗Platycodon grandiflorus为材料,分析其叶绿体基因组特征,探究不同地区桔梗叶绿体基因组的差异及桔梗科其他物种的系统发育关系。方法 利用Illumina NovaSeq测序平台对桔梗叶绿体全基因组进行测序,完成其组装、注释和特征分析,采用生物信息学方法对不同地区桔梗进行比较基因组分析和系统发育分析。结果 桔梗叶绿体基因组全长172 770 bp,呈现典型的环状四分体结构,总GC含量为38.10%,注释到139个基因,其中蛋白质编码基因95个,核糖体RNA 8个和转运RNA 36个。经序列分析鉴定出139个SSR位点,大部分重复由A和T组成。该叶绿体基因组密码子偏好性A/U大于G/C。边界分析表明,不同地区桔梗的JLA边界区域存在差异。对比不同地区桔梗叶绿体基因组序列发现21个变异区间,包括ycf1、psbC、rps18和rpoB等编码区以及rpl32-trnL、trnS-psbZ和trnN-ycf1等非编码区。基于最大似然法（maximum likelihood method,ML）对桔梗及其他17种桔梗科植物进行系统发育分析,发现桔梗科物种形成一个单系群,各属物种聚为一束,支持率达100%。结论 桔梗科物种聚为一支与传统相符合,不同地区桔梗叶绿体基因组序列存在显著差异,为后期开展分子鉴定及群体遗传学研究提供提供科学依据。     

多节段前外侧入路腰椎椎间融合联合后路内固定术治疗腰椎退行性侧凸伴矢状面失衡的疗效分析

【摘要】 目的：探讨多节段前外侧入路腰椎椎间融合（oblique lumbar interbody fusion,OLIF）联合后路内固定治疗腰椎退行性侧凸伴脊柱矢状面失平衡的效果。方法：回顾性分析2017年9月～2020年4月于我院就诊并接受多节段OLIF联合后路内固定治疗的17例腰椎退行性侧凸伴脊柱矢状面失平衡患者,男3例,女14例;年龄55～81岁（67.8±6.3岁）;随访时间13～39个月（25.9±7.6个月）。在术前、术后与末次随访时的全脊柱X线片测量脊柱冠状面及矢状面相关参数,包括：腰椎侧凸Cobb角、C7铅垂线-骶骨中垂线距离（C7 plumb line-center sacral vertical line,C7PL-CSVL）、胸椎后凸角（thoracic kyphosis,TK）、胸腰段后凸角（thoracolumbar kyphosis,TLK）、腰椎前凸角（lumbar lordosis,LL）、腰椎前凸分布指数（lordosis distribution index,LDI）、脊柱矢状面垂直轴（sagittal vertical axis,SVA）、脊柱骶骨角（spino-sacral angle,SSA）、躯干整体倾斜角（global tilt,GT）、GAP评分（Global Alignment and Proportion score）、骨盆入射角（pelvic incidence,PI）、骨盆倾斜角（pelvic tilt, PT）、骶骨倾斜角（sacral slope,SS）。记录术前、术后与末次随访时的Oswestry功能障碍指数（Oswestry disability index,ODI）、日本骨科协会（Japanese Orthopaedic Association,JOA）评分、腰部和下肢疼痛视觉模拟（visual analogue scale,VAS）评分。对术前、术后和末次随访时的影像学和临床指标进行统计学分析。结果：17例患者均顺利完成手术,手术时间120～480min（327.4±85.4min）,出血量50～1100ml（504.7±275.1ml）,融合节段3～8个（3.8±1.2个）。1例患者术后左侧大腿外侧腹股沟区感觉减退,给予营养神经药物后20d症状缓解;1例患者术中发生椎体终板骨折,调整融合器置入路径避开骨折部位,同时一期附加后路椎弓根螺钉内固定,随访未发现融合器进一步沉降。术后和末次随访时的腰椎侧凸Cobb角、C7PL-CSVL、TK、TLK、LL、LDI、GT、GAP评分、PT、SS与术前比较均有显著性差异（P＜0.05）,腰椎矢状面平衡相关参数均获得改善;术后与末次随访时比较均无显著性差异（P>0.05）。术后和末次随访时的ODI、JOA评分、腰部VAS和下肢VAS评分与术前比较均有显著性改善（P＜0.05）,末次随访时进一步改善,与术后比较差异均有显著性（P＜0.05）。结论：多节段OLIF联合后路内固定术可以有效缓解腰椎退行性侧凸患者的症状,同时矫正脊柱三维畸形、重建矢状面和冠状面平衡,提高患者生活质量。     

三维测量技术在骨性Ⅲ类错颌双颌术后复发研究中的应用

目的探讨三维测量方法应用于骨性Ⅲ类错颌畸形患者正颌术后颌骨稳定性研究的可行性,分析术后颌骨的复发情况及其影响因素。方法以2019年7至12月于南京大学医学院附属口腔医院口腔颌面外科行双颌手术的骨性Ⅲ类错颌畸形患者为研究对象,患者均行上颌Le Fort Ⅰ型截骨术+双侧下颌矢状劈开术。收集患者术前1周(T0)、术后3 d(T1)、术后6~12个月(T2)螺旋CT数据,使用3D Slicer建模并导入Geomagic Qualify拟合配准、测量上、下颌骨各标志点三维移动距离。对T1、T2期各标志点坐标值行配对t检验或Wilcoxon符号秩和检验,并对有明显复发的标志点之间行Pearson相关性分析,P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果共纳入15例患者,其中男5例,女10例,年龄18~25岁,平均21.3岁。T1与T2期各标志点水平向坐标值比较,仅在右下颌角点差异有统计学意义,T1期为(-50.47±4.44) mm,T2期为(-50.06±4.66) mm(t=2.948,P=0.011)。T1与T2期各标志点前后向坐标值比较,上颌骨上牙槽座点、左、右梨状孔点、左、右骨折线中点差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),复发率分别为37.7 %(1.36/3.61)、35.7%(1.15/3.22)、25.4%(0.84/3.31)、26.9%(0.84/3.12)、14.0%(0.41/2.92);下颌骨下牙槽座点、颏前点、颏顶点、颏下点、左、右下颌角点差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),复发率分别为36.9%(1.75/4.74)、53.9%(2.45/4.55)、55.5%(2.72/4.90)、61.7%(2.90/4.70)、85.3%(2.20/2.58)、93.4%(2.40/2.57);复发距离与移动距离均显著相关(r值为0.572~0.736,P < 0.05)。T1、T2期垂直向各标志点坐标值比较,上颌骨垂直向差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);下颌骨下牙槽座点、颏前点、颏顶点、颏下点差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),T2期较T1期发生明显的逆时针旋转。结论三维测量方法可准确反映骨性Ⅲ类错颌畸形患者双颌术后颌骨的三维变化,术后上、下颌骨在水平向均无明显复发,在前后向均存在复发,与手术距离显著相关,在垂直向仅下颌骨存在旋转移位。     

不同年龄组正常人群影响最大胸椎后凸角的相关因素分析

目的：本研究通过对不同年龄组正常人群矢状位参数进行分析,旨在报道正常人群脊柱骨盆参数参考值范围,并探索不同年龄段引起最大胸椎后凸角改变的影响因素。 方法：本研究纳入自2015年1月至2018年月于两所医院健康体检中心的正常人群,收集人口统计学参数以及矢状位影像学参数。通过将人群分为≤40岁组与＞40岁组,对比分析不同年龄组人群的矢状位参数,并对不同年龄组影响最大胸椎后凸角max TK的因素进行相关性分析。结果：本研究共计纳入191例正常人群,其中≤40岁组94人,平均年龄为28.5±6.4岁;＞40岁组97人,平均年龄为53.9±8.3岁。不同年龄组人群在胸1椎体矢状位倾斜角T1 Tilt（18.6±6.5 vs. 20.6±5.5, P=0.023）, 胸椎后凸下端椎倾斜角TVA（15.3±5.3 vs. 17.5±6.6, P=0.013）,max TK（33.9±8.3 vs. 38.0±9.4, P<0.001）,max LL- max TK（14.9±8.9 vs. 12.3±9.4, P=0.048）及矢状面躯干偏移SVA（-2.5±21.8 vs. 6.1±20.9, P=0.006）上存在显著差异。在年龄≤40岁的人群中,T1 Tilt、TVA、max LL及骶骨倾斜角SS与max TK显著相关,而在年龄＞40岁的人群中,年龄、T1 Tilt、TVA、max LL及骨盆入射角PI与max TK显著相关。结论：max TK随着年龄增长呈现上下均匀增长趋势,在＞40岁的人群中,max TK与年龄呈现正相关关系。此外,不同年龄阶段,骨盆对于max TK改变的代偿呈现出不同的模式。