高山红景天多糖对小鼠抗柯萨奇B5病毒感染能力的研究

对感染柯萨奇Ｂ５病毒（ＣＶＢ）小鼠模型研究结果表明，高山红景天多糖对发病小鼠心肌功能改善和免疫功能提高均具有明显的促进作用。增强了小鼠抗ＣＶＢ５感染的能力，并对由ＣＢＶ感染性疾病也有一定的防治作用。     

Recombinant Sendai viruses with L1618V mutation in their L polymerase protein establish persistent infection, but not temperature sensitivity

The Sendai virus pi strain (SeVpi) isolated from cells persistently infected with SeV shows mainly two phenotypes: (1) temperature sensitivity and (2) an ability of establishing persistent infection (steady state). Three amino acid substitutions are found in the Lpi protein and are located at aa 1088, 1618, and 1664. Recombinant SeV(Lpi) (rSeV(Lpi)) having all these substitutions is temperature sensitive and is capable of establishing persistent infection (steady state). rSeVs carrying the fragment containing L1618V show both phenotypes. rSeV(L1618V), in which leucine at aa 1618 is replaced with valine, has the ability of establishing persistent infection, but is not a temperature-sensitive mutant, indicating that the ability of a virus to establish persistent infection can be separated from temperature sensitivity. The amino acid change at 1618(L-->V) coexisting with aa 1169 threonine is required for acquirement of a temperature-sensitive phenotype. Three amino acid substitutions are also found in the Ppi protein, but rSeV(Ppi) does not show these phenotypes.     

北京地区病毒性脑炎患者病原体的分离和初步鉴定

１９９１年夏秋季，我们从４１例北京儿童医院临床诊断为病毒性脑炎（非乙脑）患者的７５份急性期血和／或脑脊液中分离到３３株病毒。对其中１２株进行电镜观察，电镜下均见大小相同的球形病毒颗粒，毒粒的直径约为４４．７８±１．３５ｕｍ，无囊膜，具双层蛋白外壳，视野内多见空心颗粒。超薄切片显示病毒在感染细胞的胞浆内发生，直径约为４７．６±２．３ｕｍ。正常细胞中未见病毒颗粒。对其中３株病毒进行理化性状分析，多次试验均显示该病毒抵抗５＇－碘脱氧尿苷，抵抗乙醚，耐酸，能在地鼠肾ＢＨＫ－２１和白纹伊蚊Ｃ６／３６细胞上增殖并出现细胞病变。该病毒与本室制备的披膜病毒科甲组、乙脑病毒和布尼亚病毒科的组特异性免疫腹水均不反应。脑内接种３日龄乳小白鼠可引起不规律的发病和死亡。上述结果表明，该病毒是一类４５ｕｍ左右、无囊膜、耐酸的ＲＮＡ病毒。     

首次及重复感染HCV后抗体及HCV RNA的动态观察

本文报道对首次感染ＨＣＶ的１４人与重复输入含ＨＣＶ血的１１位感染者进行长达一年半的动态观察，总结出输入大量含ＨＣＶ血后导致的感染者在自然状态下ＨＣＶ ＲＮＡ及抗体变化的规律。７／８再次输入４００ｍｌ以上含ＨＣＶ血的感染者，其自身存在的高滴度抗体在受血后１～３个月下降０．５～１．０ＯＤ值。首次输出含ＨＣＶ血的感染者中，１１／１４的感染者３个月内ＡＬＴ高于参考值的３倍以上，而再次输入含ＨＣＶ血的患者中     

Seroprevalence studies using a recombinant norwalk virus protein enzyme immunoassay

A recombinant Norwalk virus (NV) protein enzyme immunoassay was used to study the age of acquisition of NV IgG in various populations. In London, England, there was little evidence of infection during the first 2 years of life. However, the prevalence of NV IgG rose steadily throughout the period that children attend school, reaching a peak of 70% in the group aged 11–16 years. High levels of maternal antibody were detected in infants aged <3 months. Comparison of the acquisition of antibodies to three strains of human calicivirus in Japanese children in northern Japan indicated that although the majority had experienced infection with strains Japan and UK1 by the age of 12 years, only 22% possessed antibodies to NV. In Australian aborigines NV infection occurs early in life; by the age of 6 years over 90% of children were seropositive. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

海水淹溺性肺损伤机制的研究进展

溺水是重要的公共安全问题,是全球意外死亡三大原因之一。肺损伤是溺水患者最常见的并发症之一,其主要表现为严重的呼吸困难和低氧血症,近1/3的患者最终进展为急性肺损伤或急性呼吸窘迫综合症。肺泡上皮细胞是肺泡-毛细血管屏障重要组成部分,淹溺导致其结构和功能的完整性直接破坏促进了肺水肿的发生,同时肺毛细血管通透性增加,中性粒细胞和单核细胞等大量渗出聚集加剧肺内炎症反应。此外,机体氧化应激、细胞间连接和通讯等肺外机制也可导致肺损伤。本文就海水淹溺性肺损伤的相关机制研究进展进行了综述。     

Global Epidemic of Ebola Virus Disease and the Importation Risk into China: An Assessment Based on the Risk Matrix Method

Objective To analyze the global epidemic status of the Ebola virus disease(EVD) and assess the importation risk into China.Methods Data from World Health Organization reports were used. We described the global epidemic status of EVD from 1976–2021, and assessed and ranked the importation risk of EVD from the diseaseoutbreaking countries into China using the risk matrix and Borda count methods, respectively.Results From 1976–2021, EVD mainly occurred in western and central Africa, with the highes...     

Airway occlusion pressure (P0.1) — A useful predictor for the weaning outcome in patients with acute respiratory failure —

Twenty-five patients who required mechanical ventilatory support (MVS) after major surgery or severe burns were studied to determine whether airway occlusion pressure (P_0.1) is a clinically useful indicator to predict the success or failure of the weaning trial. A total of 33 weaning trials were attempted on these patients. Of the 33 trials, 24 were followed by successful weaning and 9 by failure. Although the success group, when compared with the failure group, had a lower respiratory rate (P 0.001), a lower minute ventilation (P 0.001), a higher maximal voluntary ventilation to minute ventilation ratio (P 0.01) and a higher forced vital capacity (P 0.05), no threshold values separated the success from the failure group. The alveolar-arterial P_{O 2} gradient, with an Fi _{O 2} of 1.0, in weaning success and failure showed no statistical difference. In contrast, all patients in the success group had a P_0.1 of less than 3.5cmH₂O and those in the failure group had a P_0.1 of greater than 3.5cmH₂O (P 0.001). We conclude that P_0.1 is a clinically superior indicator for discontinuing MVS in patients with acute respiratory failure.(Okamoto K, Sato T, Morioka T: Airway occlusion pressure (P_0.1)—A useful predictor for the weaning outcome in patients with acute respiratory failure—. J Anesth 4: 95–101, 1990)     

Evaluation of conventional weaning criteria in patients with acute respiratory failure

We evaluated the reliability of conventional weaning criteria from a ventilator during 33 weaning trials on 25 patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF). Of 13 criteria, a ratio of maximal voluntary ventilation to minute ventilation (MV) 2, a vital capacity 12ml·kg^–1, a spontaneous respiratory rate 25 breaths·min^–1, and a MV 10l·min^–1 appeared to be useful for predicting successful weaning outcome. However, even using those criteria, there were many falsely-negative cases. The alveolar-arterial P_{O 2} gradient 350mmHg at an Fi _{O 2} 1.0 was not useful as a predictor of weaning outcome. The present study demonstrates that conventional criteria are frequently inaccurate for predicting weaning outcomes and suggests that the use of some of these criteria may unnecessarily prolong the length of ventilator support. Since ventilation of most patients with poor oxygenation can be successfully discontinued by placing them on a continuous positive airway pressure system, these results suggest that the improvement of oxygenation is not an indispensable prerequisite for weaning from mechanical ventilators.(Okamoto K, Iwamasa H, Dogomori H, et al.: Evaluation of conventional weaning criteria in patients with acute respiratory failure. J Anesth 4: 213–218, 1990)