Tissue-resident memory-like T cells in tumor immunity: Clinical implications

Tissue-resident memory (T_RM) T cells are distinct population of non-circulating lymphocytes that play an important role in mediating regional immunity. T_RM- like cells have now been identified as a component of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in several human tumors and correlate with outcome and response to immunotherapy. T_RM cells have also been shown to mediate anti-tumor immunity in murine models. Biology of T_RM cells has several implications for clinical cancer immunotherapy. Here we discuss newer insights into the biology of T_RM T cells and discuss their implications for understanding the heterogeneity of immune microenvironment in tumors as well as improving the efficacy of cancer vaccines, immune-checkpoint blockade and adoptive cellular therapies in the clinic.     

TBL在国家住院医师规范化培训中的应用分析

以团队为基础的学习(TBL)教学法是近年来人才培养的新兴教育方法,并得到了广泛应用。其是以问题为导向的教学方法的创新与发展,受到医学教育工作者的认可与应用。本文通过分析TBL的特点,探讨其在国家住院医师规范化培训中应用的优势,以提高规培生在临床工作及学习中的积极性,同时结合目前国家住院医生培养政策下存在的问题,提出TBL教学法应用下的预期成效及存在的问题,以期为我国住院医师的规范化培训添砖加瓦。     

签约家庭医生对河南农村居民健康素养的影响

目的:探讨签约家庭医生对农村居民健康素养的影响.方法:采用多阶分层整群随机抽样方法,抽取河南省5个市属90个行政村中的3943名18～85岁农村居民进行问卷调查,利用Logistic回归、倾向得分匹配及χ2检验等方法对签约家庭医生对其健康素养的影响进行统计学分析.结果:倾向得分匹配前,有17.18％的农村居民具备健康素...     

住院医师规范化培训中中医病案内涵缺失问题及对策

目的 通过补充中医病案内涵,提高住院医师规范化培训质量.方法 随机抽取80份由中医标准化培训医师撰写的中医档案,参照中医病历书写的基本规则,逐项进行检查和分析.结果 住院中医病案普遍存在的问题是中医病案内涵不完整、不完善,主要表现在四诊记录、辨证依据、三级查房记录等方面.结论 通过调查,实施一系列提高住院医师规范化培训...     

Maintenance of CD8+ memory T lymphocytes in the spleen but not in the bone marrow is dependent on proliferation

It is current belief that numbers of CD8⁺ memory T lymphocytes in the memory phase of an immune response are maintained by homeostatic proliferation. Here, we compare the proliferation of CD8⁺ memory T lymphocytes, generated by natural infections and by intentional immunization, in spleen and bone marrow (BM). Fifty percent of CD8⁺ memory T lymphocytes in the spleen are eliminated by cyclophosphamide within 14 days, indicating that numbers of at least 50% of splenic CD8⁺ memory T lymphocytes are maintained by proliferation. The numbers of CD8⁺ memory T lymphocytes in the BM, however, were not affected by cyclophosphamide. This stability was independent of circulating CD8⁺ memory T cells, blocked by FTY720, showing that BM is a privileged site for the maintenance of memory T lymphocytes, as resident cells, resting in terms of proliferation.     

北京协和医院临床住院医师对超声检查认识情况的调查分析

目的调查临床科室住院医师对超声检查的了解及认识情况,为今后的超声工作及教学培训提供依据。方法2014年12月对北京协和医院4个临床学系105名住院医师发放调查问卷,调查其对超声检查的理解程度、与超声医师沟通情况及超声检查在临床中作用的认识等。结果共获得100份有效问卷。81%的临床住院医师对于超声检查指征略微或中等了解,而对检查结果为中等或相等接受程度者占91%;70%对床旁超声的检查指征略微或中等了解;住院医师与超声医师的沟通较少,90%认为超声检查在临床工作中是相当及非常重要的,而对于完整地为患者解释超声报告自信心中等者占59%。结论了解临床需求并进行针对性培训有助于超声在临床工作中发挥作用。     

成都市武侯区中年人群心血管疾病危险因素的评估

目的：确认影响成都市武侯区中年人群CVD患病危险性的重要危险因素。方法：方便抽样的基础上随机抽样,在成都市武侯区抽取203名中年人进行问卷调查、身体测量和血样检验,取得相关数据。结果：性别、饮酒、腰臀比、体内脂肪率、空腹血糖、甘油三酯与CVD患病危险性呈正相关;工作外的活动量、睡眠质量与其呈负相关。除饮酒外以上因素都进入CVD患病危险性的回归方程。结论：成都市武侯区中年人群中饮酒与CVD的患病危险性密切相关;性别、工作外的活动量、腰臀比、体内脂肪率、甘油三酯和空腹血糖是影响该人群CVD患病危险性的重要危险因素。以上危险因素与高血压、吸烟、糖尿病应作为该地区CVD一级预防的主要内容。睡眠质量与CVD患病危险性的关系还需今后大样本的研究来验证。     

老年人健康行为能力现状及影响因素的调查

目的了解老年人健康行为能力现状,探讨其影响因素。方法采用一般情况调查问卷及健康行为能力自评量表(self-rated abilities for health practices scale,SRAHP)对300名老年人进行调查。结果老年人SRAHP总均分为(54.29±22.80)分。年龄、居住地、文化程度、经济状况、健康状况自我评价是影响老年人SRAHP的主要影响因素(均P<0.001)。结论老年人SRAHP呈中等偏低水平,开展针对影响因素的护理干预有利于提高老年人SRAHP水平,从根本上提高老年人的生活质量。