An investigation into the information obtained by patients undergoing gastroscopy investigations

? The benefits of informing patients before undergoing surgery or other investigative procedures are clearly demonstrated in the literature. ? This study aimed to determine the amount and type of information given to patients before, during and after undergoing gastroscopy investigations. ? A survey approach incorporating structured interviews and structured observation was utilized. ? There were statistically significant differences between the information acquired by younger and older patients prior to, but not during or after, the procedure. ? Nurses appear to be the most important source of information for older patients while the information leaflet was perceived as the most important source of information for younger patients.     

非线性动态系统理论在林业系统中的应用——Ⅱ.用信息熵研究林业系统中生态和经济协调关系

用K.S熵(一种信息熵)判别林业系统中生态和经济的协调关系,并提出了控制和改进现有林业系统的有效途径。     

发展中国家中毒信息软件包简介

主要目的是加强发展中国家预防和处理中毒的能力,用多种语言(英文、法文、西班牙文)编写各种毒物专著(PIMs).主要内容为毒物的理化性质、毒性、分析、临床表现、诊断、治疗等信息.除了毒物专著外,软件包还可建立毒物分类、化学产品库、咨询病例库.     

Attentional Bias in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

This study investigated preferential encoding of threat material in subjects with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with a modified dot-probe paradigm. This paradigm indexes attentional bias by measuring response latency to name neutral target words that are presented adjacent to or distant from threat words. Motor vehicle accident survivors with PTSD (n = 15), subclinical PTSD (n = 15), and low anxiety (n = 15) were required to name target words that were presented either adjacent to or distant from strong threat, mild threat, positive, and neutral words. PTSD subjects named targets faster when they were in close proximity to mild threat words. Results suggested that PTSD subjects' attention was drawn to the mild threat stimuli and are discussed in the context of network models of PTSD.     

建立一种粪便细菌学检验的新方法--肠道菌谱分析(初步报告)

目的 建立一种以粪便标本细菌菌谱分析为主要内容的细菌学检验方法。方法 取粪便标本直接涂片做革兰染色，镜检观察标本中细菌数量、种类及比例，并进行显微照相；对粪便标本进行菌群培养，分离病原菌，并与镜检结果进行对照；将照片进行分类。建立菌群失调和病原菌感染的图谱。同时以正常大便菌谱作对照。结果 因菌群失调导致的腹泻。直接镜检表现为细菌数量和种类普遍减少，或某一类细菌增多或减少，或呈单一种类细菌；由某种病原菌引起的腹泻，直接涂片多数只能见到革兰阴性杆菌，且细菌数量少或极少，一般均与培养结果相符。结论 粪便细菌菌谱分析能直接或间接为临床提供腹泻患者的肠道微生态资料，尤其能准确地提示因各种原因造成菌群失调而导致的腹泻，为临床诊断和制定治疗方案提供快捷、科学的依据。     

An effect of triazolam on visual attention and information processing

This study explored whether benzodiazepines selectively affect aspects of attention and/or visual information processing, as they do memory. A cued visual-search paradigm was employed, using normal volunteers and a single dose of triazolam. This paradigm provided for a detailed examination of two aspects of visual attention and information processing: 1) controlled versus automatic attention allocation (via central and peripheral cues), and 2) the extent to which processing an item in a non-cued location affects performance (via cue-validity). Triazolam, compared to placebo, significantly increased response time, and Drug Condition interacted with Cue-Validity but not Cue-Type. Based on these data, we argue that triazolam doesnot affect attention allocation butdoes affect attentional disengagement and/or attention switching mechanisms.     

二维多普勒超声对室性早搏的血流频谱分析

观察室性早搏４３例，多普勒频谱表现为峰值流速减慢，早搏使前一组Ａ峰消失，后一组峰值流速增快。１９例早发型，主动脉瓣口、肺动脉瓣口无频谱出现，早搏每搏量因发生时间不同，每搏量减少不同，晚发型平均减少３７．６％，早发型平均减少７９．６％。讨论了产生机理及对心排量的影响。     

低功率电切治疗膀胱肿瘤疗效观察

目的 探讨经尿道膀胱肿瘤低功率电切术的适应症、手术方法及其疗效评估. 方法分析65例经尿道膀胱肿瘤切除术.手术时间10～90 min,平均时间41 min;膀胱穿孔1例,术后冲洗时间1～3 d,平均2 d;导尿管留置时间1～5 d,平均4 d.结果 随访0.5～3 a,48例中肿瘤复发15例,其中原位复发2例,异位多位复发13例.结论 经尿道膀胱肿瘤低功率电切可防止并明显减少闭孔神经反射的发生,具有操作简单,损伤小,出血少、恢复快等优点.     

翼状胬肉术后的角膜地形图改变

目的 评价翼状胬肉术前术后的角膜屈光状态及其与术前胬肉大小的关系，探讨胬肉手术的时机与必要性。方法 对29例(32只眼)翼状胬肉患者进行胬肉侵入角膜的长度测量，并于术前术后行角膜地形图检测，以资对比。结果 32只眼均有程度不同的顺规散光，其大小与翼状胬肉侵入角膜的长度有关。手术显著降低了角膜散光，提高了角膜平均屈光力。手术导致的角膜散光变化、角膜平均屈光力变化和术前胬肉大小显著相关。结论 翼状胬肉的生长和手术切除对角膜的屈光状况有显著影响，胬肉越大，这种影响就越大。当胬肉较大时，角膜地形图的改变可能包括一部分假象。     

高功率微波辐照后大鼠肝组织的形态学改变

目的 探讨高功率微波(high power microwave，HPM)辐照后对大鼠肝组织形态结构的影响。方法雄性SD大鼠36只，随机分为两组，实验组(24只)和正常对照组(12只)，在微波辐照后6、24和48h及7d活杀大鼠，取肝脏组织；30mg／L戊二醛固定，进行常规扫描电镜标本制备；甲醛固定制备光镜标本。结果对照组肝细胞形态正常，肝板排列整齐。辐照后6h，肝细胞轻度肿胀。辐照后24h，肝细胞肿胀，肝板排列紊乱，肝窦狭窄。辐照后48h，肝细胞变性更明显，肝板排列严重紊乱，肝细胞空泡化明显，肝窦内广泛淤血。辐照后7d，肝细胞仍然肿胀，空泡化现象主要在中央静脉周围，肝窦内淤血有所减轻。结论高功率微波辐照对肝组织的损伤主要是发生肝细胞肿胀和肝窦淤血；这可能与辐照的致热效应，以及电场、电离作用等有关。