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111.
112.
Background A number of studies have shown that the diagnosis of developmental language disorder (DLD) can be unstable over time, such that young children with a diagnosis of DLD may show symptoms more characteristics of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) at a later date.
Method To estimate the types and prevalence of ASD 469 individuals with a DLD, consecutively assessed in the same clinic during a period of 10 years, and 2345 controls from the general population were screened for ASD through the nationwide Danish Psychiatric Central Register (DPCR). The mean length of observation was 34.7 years, and the mean age at follow-up 35.8 (range: 28.3–46.7) years.
Results At follow-up, 10 (2.1%) in the DLD group and two (0.09%) in the comparison group were known in the DPCR with a diagnosis of any ASD ( P < 0.0001; odds ratio = 25.5; 95% confidence interval 5.5–116.9).
Conclusion Our results provide additional support to the notion that DLD is a marker of increased vulnerability to the development of ASD. 相似文献
Method To estimate the types and prevalence of ASD 469 individuals with a DLD, consecutively assessed in the same clinic during a period of 10 years, and 2345 controls from the general population were screened for ASD through the nationwide Danish Psychiatric Central Register (DPCR). The mean length of observation was 34.7 years, and the mean age at follow-up 35.8 (range: 28.3–46.7) years.
Results At follow-up, 10 (2.1%) in the DLD group and two (0.09%) in the comparison group were known in the DPCR with a diagnosis of any ASD ( P < 0.0001; odds ratio = 25.5; 95% confidence interval 5.5–116.9).
Conclusion Our results provide additional support to the notion that DLD is a marker of increased vulnerability to the development of ASD. 相似文献
113.
Health policy, epidemiology and power: the interest web 总被引:4,自引:4,他引:0
The relation between epidemiological research results and policy-making is reviewed. Apparently, traditional models of policy-making(incrementalism, mixed scanning synoptic planning) do not explainwhy research findings are hardly used in policy-making procedures. It is suggested that this phenomenon is related to three determinantsof policy-making: (i) a bias stemming from sets of causal, finaland normative assumptions and presuppositions; (ii) interestwebs of groups in certain domains; and (iii) the power of organizationsto monitor and communicate. The conclusion is that epidemiologistsshould engage in the policy-making process more consciouslyand conscientiously. 相似文献
114.
A. J. Bullock R. A. Duquette N. Buttell S. Wray 《Pflügers Archiv : European journal of physiology》1998,435(4):575-577
Intracellular pH (pHi) is known to modulate contraction. Neonatal tissues can differ from adult tissue in contractile response to stimuli known
to alter pHi e.g. hypoxia. Changes of pH are attenuated by buffering, thus any difference in buffering power (β) between tissues could
affect their functional response to pHi perturbation. Similarly the extent to which any extracellular pH (pHo) alteration is transmitted into a pHi change will also influence function. We have therefore determined the intrinsic β and effect of pHo change on pHi in neonatal and adult ureteric, uterine and gastric smooth muscles using the pH-sensitive fluorophore carboxy-SNARF. β was
found to be similar in the three adult tissues, but there were significant differences between neonatal tissues. In contrast,
we found little difference in the amount of pHi change produced by pHo change between neonatal and adult tissues from the same smooth muscle, but a difference between smooth muscles. These data
highlight significant differences between smooth muscles and their developmental state, which may contribute to different
degrees of protection when pH is perturbed.
Received: 17 October 1997 / Received after revision: 27 November 1997 / Accepted: 28 November 1997 相似文献
115.
Seventy-three men and 72 women made lexical decisions to target words that followed sentences constructed so that the last word was a sexual double-entendre. Prime target relatedness, erotic versus nonerotic target, stimulus onset asynchrony, and participant's gender were varied in a between-subjects design. A second analysis that substituted sentence context for prime target relationship also was conducted. Data were collected on the emotionality and social acceptability of priming sentences and target words. Results revealed that, as with previous research on neutral words, prime target relatedness facilitated lexical decisions. Additionally, there was evidence of slowing in making lexical decisions when erotic material was presented or was part of a contextual bias. This delay was accentuated in women. A model that proposes that sexual words evoke a more complex processing sequence is presented. The model suggests that appraisal and checking or editing mechanisms, which are accentuated in women, help explain the phenomenon.
Portions of this work was submitted by the junior author in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Honors in Psychology at Louisiana State University 相似文献
116.
血流频谱分析在乳腺肿块鉴别诊断中的价值 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
目的:检验血流频谱分析在鉴别乳腺原发性肿块良恶性方面的价值并确立最佳的数值标准。方法:使用彩色多普勒血流显像和能量多普勒显像分别引导脉冲多普勒频谱分析,检查了104例乳腺原发性包块(良性55例63个病灶,恶性49例64个病灶),测量指标包括肿块周边与内部血流收缩期峰速、搏动指数及阻力指数,并分别绘制受试者工作曲线确定各自的最佳阈值。结果,以CDFI状态取频谱,乳癌病灶周边及内部血流的平均PSV,P 相似文献
117.
118.
Wheezing at 8 and 13 years: changing importance of bronchiolitis and passive smoking 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A group of 153 children (51 with a history of bronchiolitis and 102 matched controls) were evaluated in a historical cohort study at a mean age of 8 years and again at 13 years to test the primary hypothesis that mild bronchiolitis, far more common than severe (hospitalized) bronchiolitis, predicts wheezing. A secondary hypothesis was that passive smoking also predicts wheezing. Many potentially confounding variables such as family history of asthma were controlled in analyses. Analysis at 13 years produced results that were not anticipated from previous analysis of interviews at age 8. Although mild bronchiolitis was a powerful predictor of wheezing at age 8 years, it was no longer a strong predictor of wheezing at age 13 in either bivariate or multivariate analysis. Although epidemiologic studies, by their nature, cannot prove causality, findings are consistent with the hypothesis that sequelae often follow mild bronchiolitis but diminish during childhood. Maternal smoking was a powerful predictor of wheezing at age 13 in bivariate analysis (Kendall's Tau B = 0.19, P less than 0.01) and in multivariate analysis (odds ratio = 2.67, P less than 0.01). In children at highest risk for wheezing, males with a family history of asthma, multivariate analysis suggested that maternal smoking is associated with an increase in wheezing from 36% to 60%. We conclude that passive smoking, previously identified as a risk factor in this population for both bronchiolitis in infancy and wheezing at age 8, is a risk factor for wheezing-associated morbidity throughout the childhood years. 相似文献
119.
Hans Brunner Thomas C Wetter Birgit Hogl Alexander Yassouridis Claudia Trenkwalder Elisabeth Friess 《Movement disorders》2002,17(5):928-933
We investigated non-rapid eye movement (non-REM) sleep in patients with newly diagnosed Parkinson's disease (PD) who had never previously received dopaminergic medication. There were no significant differences in the conventional sleep parameters between de novo patients with PD and a healthy control group, but the length of stage 1 sleep and the number of awakenings increased significantly upon administration of dopaminergic drugs. Analyzing the quantitative electroencephalogram (EEG), we observed a significant reduction in the low-delta frequency range and a nonsignificant increase in the sigma frequency range in de novo patients with PD. The dopaminergic medication also nonsignificantly reduced the low-delta and sigma frequencies, the latter to the level of the controls. Possible mechanisms that may account for the observed differences are discussed. It is suggested that Parkinson's disease as well as the application of dopaminergic drugs exerts a desynchronizing effect on the sleep EEG that is reflected in a disruption of sleep continuity. 相似文献
120.
J. N. Banks S. J. Cox B. J. Northway R. H. Rizvi 《Food and Agricultural Immunology》1994,6(3):321-327
Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were raised against Penicillium aurantiogriseum var. melanoconidium. Cross‐reactivity studies were carried out against 12 ‘field’ and 27 ‘storage’ fungi. Two MAbs (MAbs 32 and 37) reacted with all of the fungi tested and a third (MAb 38) with 38 out of the 39 fungi (although weakly with some). Monoclonal antibodies 32 and 37, but not MAb 38, were found to react to a degree with ‘clean’ barley. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using MAb 38 and extracts of barley inoculated with the homologous antigen showed a clear relationship between absorbance and amount of fungal growth. It is suggested that these MAbs could be used in a broad‐spectrum assay to detect fungi of significance to the quality of foods and feeds. 相似文献