全文获取类型
收费全文 | 7035篇 |
免费 | 409篇 |
国内免费 | 218篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 74篇 |
儿科学 | 64篇 |
妇产科学 | 41篇 |
基础医学 | 1509篇 |
口腔科学 | 391篇 |
临床医学 | 509篇 |
内科学 | 827篇 |
皮肤病学 | 74篇 |
神经病学 | 970篇 |
特种医学 | 379篇 |
外国民族医学 | 1篇 |
外科学 | 477篇 |
综合类 | 897篇 |
预防医学 | 512篇 |
眼科学 | 55篇 |
药学 | 389篇 |
中国医学 | 147篇 |
肿瘤学 | 346篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 7篇 |
2023年 | 93篇 |
2022年 | 184篇 |
2021年 | 219篇 |
2020年 | 199篇 |
2019年 | 203篇 |
2018年 | 214篇 |
2017年 | 180篇 |
2016年 | 203篇 |
2015年 | 198篇 |
2014年 | 420篇 |
2013年 | 433篇 |
2012年 | 364篇 |
2011年 | 454篇 |
2010年 | 367篇 |
2009年 | 354篇 |
2008年 | 343篇 |
2007年 | 352篇 |
2006年 | 317篇 |
2005年 | 284篇 |
2004年 | 265篇 |
2003年 | 219篇 |
2002年 | 191篇 |
2001年 | 173篇 |
2000年 | 136篇 |
1999年 | 126篇 |
1998年 | 137篇 |
1997年 | 129篇 |
1996年 | 111篇 |
1995年 | 110篇 |
1994年 | 87篇 |
1993年 | 72篇 |
1992年 | 73篇 |
1991年 | 51篇 |
1990年 | 46篇 |
1989年 | 47篇 |
1988年 | 37篇 |
1987年 | 26篇 |
1986年 | 34篇 |
1985年 | 50篇 |
1984年 | 28篇 |
1983年 | 37篇 |
1982年 | 15篇 |
1981年 | 27篇 |
1980年 | 15篇 |
1979年 | 10篇 |
1978年 | 5篇 |
1977年 | 6篇 |
1976年 | 7篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有7662条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
51.
Umemura T Yoshizawa K Ota M Katsuyama Y Inada H Tanaka E Kiyosawa K 《Clinical and experimental immunology》2000,121(1):120-126
Many T cells infiltrate into the liver of patients with chronic hepatitis C (CH-C). They are believed to play a crucial role in the immunopathogenesis of hepatic inflammation, but their clonality and specificity are unknown. The aim of this study was to clarify the characteristics of these T cells. We analysed the complementarity-determining region (CDR)3 size lengths of T cell receptor (TCR) beta-chains by size spectratyping, and determined the sequences of Vbeta CDR3 after subcloning Vbeta-specific polymerase chain reaction products. Spectratyping showed clonal expansions in all liver specimens, most of which showed more than two T cell clones. Moreover, many non-clonal T cells also accumulated in the liver. Clonality of the T cells suspected by spectratyping was confirmed by CDR3 sequencing. Although the sequences revealed no whole CDR3-shared clones among different patients, some common motif sequences were observed. Our data suggest that T cells are stimulated by several hepatitis C virus (HCV) epitopes, then accumulate in the liver of CH-C patients. Shared motifs of expanded T cell clones suggest that they might recognize the same regions of HCV peptides, but have differences due to HCV peptide mutational changes. These clones might also interact with non-clonal T cells and play a crucial role in the immunopathogenesis of CH-C. 相似文献
52.
B. Shannon Danes Paula De Angelis Frank Traganos Ulrik Ringborg Lars Holme Nielsen Myron R. Melamed 《Clinical genetics》1990,37(3):188-193
The anatomical location of the squamous cell carcinoma (SCCA) within the oral cavity and oropharynx influenced the association of SCCA with the biomarker in vitro hyperdiploidy in human dermal fibroblast cultures (IVH). There was a strong association of IVH with the occurrence of SCCA in the anterior 2/3 of the tongue, floor of the mouth and lower alveolar ridge of the oral cavity and in the base of the tongue and pharyngeal wall of the oropharynx. There was a lower association of SCCA with IVH in the tonsillar region of the oropharynx. IVH showed no association with SCCA located in other anatomical parts of the oral region. The patient group whose diagnosis of SCCA in the anterior 2/3 of the tongue occurred prior to the age of 50 years were invariably IVH-, whereas those diagnosed after the age of 50 years were IVH+, providing evidence for heterogeneity. There was no such correlation of biomarker subgrouping with age of diagnosis demonstrated for SCCA at any other anatomical location within the oral cavity or oropharynx. 相似文献
53.
54.
Bannerman DM Lemaire M Yee BK Iversen SD Oswald CJ Good MA Rawlins JN 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》2002,142(3):395-401
Although a number of studies have implicated the hippocampal formation in social recognition memory in the rat, a recent study in this laboratory has demonstrated that selective cytotoxic lesions, confined to the hippocampus proper (encompassing the four CA subfields and the dentate gyrus), are without effect on this behaviour. This finding suggests that the hippocampus proper does not subserve social recognition memory in the rat, but does not preclude the possibility that other areas of the hippocampal formation, such as the entorhinal cortex or subiculum, could support this form of learning. The present study addressed this issue by examining the effects of selective cytotoxic retrohippocampal (RHR) lesions (including both the entorhinal cortex and subiculum) on social recognition memory in the rat. RHR lesions produced a mild social recognition memory impairment, although lesioned animals still displayed a reduction in investigation time between the first and second exposure to the juvenile. This result is consistent with other studies which have implicated the retrohippocampal or parahippocampal area in olfactory recognition memory processes. It also suggests, however, that other areas, out with the retrohippocampal region, are also likely to play an important role in social recognition memory. 相似文献
55.
Shichi D Kikkawa EF Ota M Katsuyama Y Kimura A Matsumori A Kulski JK Naruse TK Inoko H 《Tissue antigens》2005,66(3):200-208
Cardiomyopathy is a heart muscle disease with impaired stretch response that can result in severe heart failure and sudden death. A small proportion of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients may be predisposed to develop dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). The molecular mechanisms involved in the predisposition remain unknown due in part to the lack of information on their genetic background. Because the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region has a pivotal role in controlling the susceptibility to HCV-induced liver disease, we hypothesized that particular HLA alleles and/or non-HLA gene alleles within the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genomic region might control the predisposition to HCV-associated DCM (HCV-DCM) and/or HCV-associated HCM (HCV-HCM). Here, we present mapping results of the MHC-related susceptibility gene locus for HCV-associated cardiomyopathy by analyzing microsatellite and single nucleotide polymorphism markers. To delineate the susceptibility locus, we genotyped 44 polymorphic markers scattered across the entire MHC region in a total of 59 patients (21 HCV-DCM and 38 HCV-HCM) and 120 controls. We mapped HCV-DCM susceptibility to a non-HLA gene locus spanning from NFKBIL1 to MICA gene loci within the MHC class III-class I boundary region. Our results showed that HCV-DCM was more strongly associated with alleles of the non-HLA genes rather than the HLA genes themselves. In addition, no significant association was found between the MHC markers and HCV-HCM. This marked difference in the MHC-related disease susceptibility for HCV- associated cardiomyopathy strongly suggests that the development of HCV- DCM and HCV-HCM is under the control of different pathogenic mechanisms. 相似文献
56.
57.
9.1C3分子是一种参与NK、巨噬细胞及LAK细胞杀伤过程的重要细胞表面分子,主要表达于外周血单个核细胞表面。本文运用分子生物学技术,从分泌9.1C3MCAb的杂交瘤细胞中提取总RNA,经反转录、PCR分另11分离了9.1C3McAb轻链可变区(VL)基因及重链可变区(VH)基因,并用全自动荧光DNA序列分析仪对9.1C3VH、VL基因序列进行了分析。结果表明:9.1C3VH基因为351bP,编码117aa残基,9.13VL为324bP,编码108aa残基;从推导出的氨基酸序列分析证实9.1C3VH、VL序列均符合小鼠lg可变区的氨基酸序列特征;根据Kabbat分类体系,9.1C3VH隶属Ig重链第Ⅱ(C)亚组,9.1C3VL隶属小鼠IgK链第Ⅴ亚组。9.1C3VH、VL基因的克隆成功为其单链抗体的构建、表达奠定了良好的物质基础。 相似文献
58.
59.
60.
Burkhard J Manfras William A Rudert Massimo Trucco Bernhard O Boehm 《Journal of immunological methods》1997,210(2):305
The characterization of the human T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire in various physiological and pathological conditions has become an important tool in studies of the immune response. Therefore, a number of PCR based strategies for the semiquantitative analysis of the TCR repertoire have been described. Family specific amplification of TCR cDNA has been employed in a number of studies often with contradictory results. We have developed a strategy utilizing exogenous standards with homologous primer binding sites for the quantitative analysis of the α/β T-cell receptor repertoire. This system allows the detection of even minute differences in T-cell populations based on quantitative PCR (Q-PCR) and competitive PCR (C-PCR). Results presented here demonstrate that expansions of T-cell subsets as defined by the specificity of the variable gene segments can be readily monitored when exceeding 1% of the total repertoire. In addition, the proposed method reveals direct information of CDR3 size heterogeneity and can be used to estimate the T-cell repertoire complexity and monitor clonal expansions. We discuss variables such as cell number and experimental conditions influencing accuracy and reproducibility of the analyses. We have used this protocol based on non-radioactive techniques for characterization of the fine specificity of the T-cell repertoire in peripheral and organ-infiltrating T-lymphocytes. The analyses revealed information about polyclonal or clonal expansion of T-cells in vivo and in vitro following various stimuli such as superantigenic stimulation of T-cell subsets as well as antigen-driven shaping of the α/β T-cell repertoire in autoimmune and infectious diseases. 相似文献