Effect of recombinant vascular endothelial growth factor on experimental otitis media with effusion

Conclusion This study demonstrates that rVEGF in the middle ear cavity contributes significantly to the development of OME by increasing the vascular permeability of the middle ear mucosa. Objective Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been detected in otitis media with effusion (OME). It has a very strong effect on increasing vascular permeability, and is much more potent than platelet-activating factor, arachidonic acid metabolites or histamine. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether recombinant VEGF (rVEGF) can increase vascular permeability in the middle ear mucosa of rats. Material and methods rVEGF was injected transtympanically at doses of 0.01, 0.1 and 1.0 μg in the experimental groups; normal saline was injected in the control group. Twenty-four h after the injection of rVEGF, middle ear fluid was aspirated and the vascular permeability of the middle ear mucosa was measured by means of the Evans Blue vital dye technique. Results Extravasation of Evans Blue dye was found in all specimens injected with rVEGF, and was quantified using a spectrophotometer. Middle ear fluid developed in all ears injected with 0.1 or 1.0 μg of rVEGF and histopathology of the middle ear mucosa revealed severe inflammatory cellular infiltration, subepithelial edema and vascular dilatation. Rats injected with 1.0 μg of rVEGF showed a significant increase in middle ear vascular permeability in comparison with the control group (p<0.05).     

Cutaneous lupus erythematosus: Understanding of clinical features,genetic basis,and pathobiology of disease guides therapeutic strategies

Cutaneous features of the protean disease lupus erythematous (LE) constitute 4 of 11 diagnostic criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and are exhibited by approximately 3/4 of patients during the course of their disease. Because the pathogenesis of LE is multifactorial and polygenic, many of the details of the pathogenesis remain unclear. We review here the clinical features of cutaneous lupus and recent genetic data that elucidate potential candidate genes for both cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) and SLE. We discuss advances in elucidating the autoimmune pathogenesis of CLE and SLE. Furthermore, promising experimental therapies based on these advances are reviewed in the context of B cell directed therapies, T cell directed therapies, disruption of B and T cell interactions, cytokine directed therapies and finally, end-effector targeted therapies.     

中医药防治肾间质纤维化的研究概况

通过分析近年来的相关文献,对肾间质纤维化的中医病因病机及中医药防治现状进行梳理,以期对临床辨治本病提供参考。     

从湿热论治新诊断2型糖尿病

全球2型糖尿病(T2DM)的患病率不断增加,给医疗保健系统带来了越来越大的负担。由于其发病率及并发症,糖尿病越来越引起重视。传统中医认为消渴病的基本病机为阴虚内热,然而这是仅表现为消渴病“已病、病久”状态,根据临床观察发现,初诊断的糖尿病患者多以湿、热为主要病理因素,“中满内热”为其核心病机。在治疗上以清热祛湿为主要,配以健脾化湿、运脾升清、芳香化浊等法。     

神经纤维瘤病1型并慢性髓性白血病一例及文献复习

神经纤维瘤病是一组三种异质性疾病，包括神经纤维瘤病1型（NF1）、神经纤维瘤病2型（NF2）和神经鞘瘤病。NF1是这三种疾病中最常见的一种，临床表现多样，其主要特征是良性皮肤病变，包括神经纤维瘤和咖啡斑等。慢性髓性白血病是骨髓造血干细胞克隆性增殖形成的恶性血液肿瘤。检索PUBMED只发现3例关于慢性髓性白血病与神经纤维瘤病1型共存的报道。而通过复习相关文献，我们注意到在合并患有神经纤维瘤病1型的慢性髓性白血病患者，在发病机制及治疗上均有部分重叠。现我们报道1例面部巨大神经纤维瘤病1型患者并发慢性髓性白血病的病例。     

������ۺ������򼰷��������о���չ

?? Sjögren syndrome??SS??is classified as primary Sjögren syndrome??pSS??and secondary Sjögren syndrome??sSS??. It is an autoimmune exocrinopathy characterised by lymphocytic infiltration of exocrine glands in multiple sites??including both lacrimal and salivary glands??so the patients often suffer from dry mouth and dry eyes. Now the pathogeny and its pathogenesis is still  under study??and this review will elaborate from the aspects of cytokines??antibody??gene??virus and so on.     

卵巢早衰病因病机及中医治疗研究概况

通过对近年来相关文献的分析汇总,概括了中医对卵巢早衰病因病机的认识,中医治疗方法的临床研究及实验研究成果,旨在汇总经验,为今后的研究方向提供借鉴。     

Lack of crucial role of mast cells in pathogenesis of experimental colitis in mice

Mast cell alterations have been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic ulcerative colitis (UC). We studied the effect of mast cell deficiency on the severity of inflammation in a murine model of colitis. Colitis was induced in mice using dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Mast-cell-deficient mice (WBB6F₁/J-W/W^v;N=17) and normal littermates (WBB6F₁/J-+/+;N=17) were administered DSS 4% w/v for seven days, then water alone for one week, followed by 5% DSS for six days. Animals were sacrificed at the end of the protocol. Segments of proximal, mid-, and distal colon of each animal were processed for histopathological examination. Mortality and morbidity (diarrhea and weight loss) for each group were assessed. There was no significant difference between the two groups in either their clinical parameters (mortality and morbidity) or the severity of colitis as graded histopathologically. Our findings suggest that mast cells are not crucial for the development of DSS-induced colitis.     

Failure to adequately adapt reduced insulin sensitivity with increased insulin secretion in women with impaired glucose tolerance

Summary To study the islet adaptation to reduced insulin sensitivity in normal and glucose intolerant post-menopausal women, we performed a euglycaemic, hyperinsulinaemic clamp in 108 randomly selected women, aged 58–59 years. Of the 20 women with the lowest insulin sensitivity, 11 had impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) whereas 9 had normal glucose tolerance (NGT). These women together with 15 women with medium insulin sensitivity and 16 women with high insulin sensitivity and NGT were further examined with arginine stimulation at three glucose levels (fasting, 14 and >25 mmol/l). In NGT, the acute insulin response (AIR) to 5 g i. v. arginine at all three glucose levels and the slope_AIR, i. e. the glucose potentiation of insulin secretion, were markedly increased in the women with the lowest insulin sensitivity and NGT compared to those with medium or high insulin sensitivity. In contrast, in low insulin sensitivity, AIR was significantly lower in IGT than in NGT (at glucose 14 mmol/l p=0.015, and at >25 mmol/l p=0.048). The potentiation of AIR induced by low insulin sensitivity in women with NGT was reduced by 74% (AIR at 14 mmol/l glucose) and 57% (AIR at >25 mmol/l glucose), respectively, in women with IGT. Also the slope_AIR was lower in IGT than in NGT (p=0.025); the increase in slope_AIR due to low insulin sensitivity was abolished in IGT. In contrast, glucagon secretion was not different between women with IGT as opposed to NGT. We conclude that as long as there is an adequate beta-cell adaptation to low insulin sensitivity with increased insulin secretory capacity and glucose potentiation of insulin secretion, NGT persists.Abbreviations NIDDM Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus - AIR acute insulin response - AGR acute glucagon response