Successful bronchial artery embolization using hydrogel coils for hemoptysis during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

A 58-year-old woman with bronchiectasis presented with massive hemoptysis and severe respiratory failure, which required long-term extracorporeal membrane oxygenation with continuous heparin infusion. Bronchial artery embolization using hydrogel coils, which provide a greater volume occlusion than bare platinum coils, was performed; hemoptysis stopped and she fully recovered. No recanalization was observed on follow-up computed tomography angiography 2 months postbronchial artery embolization, and there had been no recurrence of bleeding at the time of this report (at least 6 months). Although continuous anticoagulation during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation might hinder complete vessel occlusion by metallic coils or induce early recanalization (because the homeostatic mechanism of coils depends on the patient''s coagulability), our experience showed that bronchial artery embolization using hydrogel coils was effective and safe. Additionally, this case presents a successful example of anticoagulation management for patients with hemoptysis on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation who undergo bronchial artery embolization using coils.     

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support in carinal resection for recurrent chondrosarcoma after previous distal tracheal resection

Carinal re-resection for tumour recurrence is rarely performed due to increased difficulty in airway reconstruction. We reported a successful case of carinal resection and reconstruction for recurrent chondrosarcoma after previous distal tracheal resection. Due to the technical complexity of the reconstruction and the poor respiratory reserve of the patient, the veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support was used.     

高压氧对迟发性放射损伤的作用

放射疗法是一种对肿瘤和周围正常组织均有显著作用的物理疗法,在放疗的同时,不可避免地会损伤正常组织导致放射损伤,特别是迟发性放射损伤,这将严重影响患者的生存质量。随着时间的推移迟发性放射损伤会发展得更加严重,甚至致死,因此限制了临床治疗时的放射剂量,目前这一问题并未得到解决。笔者主要就高压氧治疗对迟发性放射损伤的影响作一综述。     

体外膜氧合治疗足月新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征1例

新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(respiratory distress syndrome,RDS)系因早产、窒息、宫内感染、胎粪吸入等因素引起的原发或继发性肺表面活性物质(pulmonary surfactant,PS)缺乏,导致新生儿生后不久出现以进行性加重的呼吸困难、紫绀和呼吸衰竭为主要表现的肺部疾病,RDS在足月新生儿中并不少见,严重威胁新生儿健康[1]。     

Oxygenated right ventricular assist device with a percutaneous dual-lumen cannula as a bridge to lung transplantation

BackgroundOxygenated right ventricular assist device (oxyRVAD) placement has become more streamlined with the introduction of the dual-lumen pulmonary artery cannula. Peripherally cannulated oxyRVAD may provide oxygenation support with right heart support as an alternative to venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) as a bridge to lung transplantation.MethodsA single-institution, retrospective analysis was performed on patients placed on oxyRVAD with a dual-lumen pulmonary artery cannula with the intention of bridging to lung transplantation in 2019.ResultsFour patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis were placed on oxyRVAD as a bridge to transplantation. Two patients were extubated and ambulated while waiting for a lung offer, and two patients required conversion to venoarteriovenous ECMO (VAV ECMO) from oxyRVAD. The median waiting time for extracorporeal life support (ECLS) was 42 h. All patients underwent double lung transplantation. Two patients stayed on oxyRVAD, and one patient was placed on venovenous ECMO (VV ECMO) after transplantation. Primary graft dysfunction score at 72 h after transplantation was grade 1 in three patients and grade 3 in one patient.ConclusionsPeripherally cannulated oxyRVAD with percutaneous dual-lumen venous cannula could be an ambulatory bridge for lung transplantation. It is unknown whether oxyRVAD is feasible as a long-term bridge to lung transplantation.     

后疫情时代的肺移植临床研究发展和未来展望

肺移植技术在全球经历了近半个世纪的发展,在中国也高速发展了二十余年,中国肺移植逐渐融入国际肺移植大家庭。2020年新型冠状病毒肺炎(新冠肺炎)疫情暴发,既是对中国肺移植发展的挑战,也使得全球同行关注中国肺移植发展,加速了国际间的交流与合作。随着对新冠肺炎重症患者肺移植的临床和基础研究逐步深入,移植科医师对于未来中国肺移植在供者的维护、高龄和儿童受者的选择、围手术期管理等方面有了更多的认知和思考。对于肺移植相关学科交叉领域的研究,需要开展设计优良、多方协作的临床试验,不断推进学科理论和实践的创新。     

Pathophysiology and Treatment of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

Abstract

Carbon monoxide poisoning is the leading cause of poisoning deaths in the US, and published reports of carbon monoxide related morbidity and mortality can vary widely. Common morbidity involves myocardial and/or neurologic injury including delayed neurologic sequelae. The pathophysiology of this entity is complex, involving hypoxic stress on the basis of interference with oxygen transport to the cells and possibly impairing electron transport. Carbon monoxide can also affect leukocytes, platelets and the endothelium, inducing a cascade of effects resulting in oxidative injury. Carboxyhemoglobin levels are valuable for confirming carbon monoxide exposure but cannot be used to stratify severity of poisoning, predict prognosis, or indicate a specific treatment plan. Oxygen therapy is the key treatment of carbon monoxide intoxication, and hyperbaric oxygen has been shown to interdict and improve clinical outcome in some patients. Immediate treatment with a high fraction of inspired oxygen and careful clinical evaluation are mandatory. Timely referral for hyperbaric oxygen is indicated for patients with any history of unconsciousness, cardiovascular instability or ischemia, and persistent mental and/or neurologic deficits. Hyperbaric oxygen should also be considered in certain other patient subsets.     

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy as an anti-infective agent

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) involves inhalation of 100% oxygen at supra-atmospheric ambient pressure. HBOT is used as either a primary or adjunctive treatment in the management of infections such as gas gangrene, necrotizing fasciitis, diabetic foot infections, refractory osteomyelitis, neurosurgical infections and fungal infections. HBOT acts as a bactericidal/bacteriostatic agent against anerobic bacteria by increasing the formation of free oxygen radicals. HBOT restores the bacterial-killing capacity of leukocytes in hypoxic wounds by increasing tissue oxygen tensions. In addition, HBOT acts synergistically with a number of antibiotics. This article reviews the anti-infective effects of HBOT and the use of HBOT in the treatment of certain infectious diseases.     

血乳酸浓度监测与组织氧合相关性的临床观察

目的　寻找能反映严重烧伤后组织氧合状况的简便易行、微创、有效的生化指标。方法　将收治的 34例大面积烧伤患者随机分为两组 ,A组 18例 ,采用改进后的抗休克复苏方案 ,使患者尿量维持在每小时 10 0ml左右 ;B组 16例 ,采用常规补液公式 ,使患者尿量维持在每小时 4 0ml左右。两组同时于复苏前、复苏后 1、8、16、2 4、4 8、72h监测血乳酸浓度 (BL)及常规监测指标 (尿量、血压、心率、神志 )。　结果　 (1)A组患者复苏后 2 4h内 ,血BL浓度平均为 (3.2± 0 .4 )mmol/L ,常规指标均处于正常范围 ;B组患者常规指标基本正常 ,血BL平均值为 (7.4± 1.6 )mmol/L ,持续时间可达 72h以上。 (2 )在常规监测指标指导下 ,B组复苏治疗效果不佳 ,病死率高 (31.2 % ) ;A组通过监测BL指导治疗 ,病死率仅为 5 .5 %。 (3)BL与尿量呈负相关 ,与心率呈正相关。　结论　 (1)严重烧伤休克时组织的乏氧代谢增强 ,监测血BL ,能基本达到快捷、灵敏、简单、有效、微创的要求 ,是反映全身组织器官氧合状况的良好指标。 (2 )建议烧伤抗休克的复苏时间应延长至 72h ,尿量保持在 10 0ml/h ,确保复苏的质量和效果。     

儿童体外膜肺氧合技术应用现状和前景

【摘要】 体外膜肺氧合(ECMO)作为目前最高级的生命支持技术之一,可暂时替代患者心肺功能,为患者器官功能恢复争取宝贵时间。本文就体外膜肺氧合技术在儿科重症中的临床应用作一述评,并分析我国儿童ECMO发展的制约因素,希望中国儿科ECMO技术快速发展,进一步发挥对危重患儿的救治作用。