基于中西医临床病症特点血栓闭塞性脉管炎动物模型分析

基于血栓闭塞性脉管炎的临床病症特点,通过查阅相关文献,整理分析并建立血栓闭塞性脉管炎的西医诊断标准与中医辨证标准,总结血栓闭塞性脉管炎动物模型的造模方法、造模对象、模型优缺点。分析其与中西医临床病症特点的吻合度,总结发现血栓闭塞性脉管炎动物模型与西医临床病症吻合度较高,与中医寒湿阻络证和热毒伤阴证吻合度较高,与湿热毒盛证和气血两虚证吻合度较低,没有与血脉淤阻证相吻合的动物模型。患肢病变程度、病理、血液流变学指标(血液黏度、红细胞沉降率)为最常检测指标。现阶段相对于大量临床治疗血栓闭塞性脉管炎的病例报道,实验研究相对薄弱,建立合理的模型判断量化标准,复制与中医证候吻合度更高的动物模型是日后的研究重点。     

Multicenter evaluation of parametric response mapping as an indicator of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Parametric response mapping (PRM) is a novel computed tomography (CT) technology that has shown potential for assessment of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT). The primary aim of this study was to evaluate whether variations in image acquisition under real‐world conditions affect the PRM measurements of clinically diagnosed BOS. CT scans were obtained retrospectively from 72 HCT recipients with BOS and graft‐versus‐host disease from Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Karolinska Institute, and the University of Michigan. Whole lung volumetric scans were performed at inspiration and expiration using site‐specific acquisition and reconstruction protocols. PRM and pulmonary function measurements were assessed. Patients with moderately severe BOS at diagnosis (median forced expiratory volume at 1 second [FEV1] 53.5% predicted) had similar characteristics between sites. Variations in site‐specific CT acquisition protocols had a negligible effect on the PRM‐derived small airways disease (SAD), that is, BOS measurements. PRM‐derived SAD was found to correlate with FEV1% predicted and FEV1/ forced vital capacity (R = ?0.236, P = .046; and R = ?0.689, P < .0001, respectively), which suggests that elevated levels in the PRM measurements are primarily affected by BOS airflow obstruction and not CT scan acquisition parameters. Based on these results, PRM may be applied broadly for post‐HCT diagnosis and monitoring of BOS.     

基于数据挖掘的中医药治疗血栓闭塞性脉管炎的用药规律研究

目的:基于中医传承辅助平台挖掘中国知网数据库(CNKI)中以中医药治疗血栓闭塞性脉管炎的组方用药规律,为中医药治疗血栓闭塞性脉管炎提供临床参考。方法:检索CNKI 数据库中近30 年有关中医药治疗血栓闭塞性脉管炎的文献,筛选出符合条件的治疗血栓闭塞性脉管炎的中药方剂,利用中医传承辅助平台(V2.5)集成的数据分析方法,挖掘中医药治疗血栓闭塞性脉管炎的用药规律。结果:共筛选出410 篇文献,符合条件处方600 首,涉及233 味中药。处方中药物出现频次≥ 60 的药物得到33 个,演化得到核心组合28 个,新处方14 个;药物主归肝、心、脾经,性味分别以温、寒、平和苦、辛、甘为主。结论:治疗血栓闭塞性脉管炎的药物立足于“血瘀”病机,以活血化瘀为主要治则,辅以清热、补虚、温通、息风止痉、止痛、托毒生肌、燥湿、通络等药物,在临床应用中灵活辨证施治。     

羟考酮联合右美托咪定在老年患者下肢动脉闭塞支架置入手术中的应用

目的探讨羟考酮联合右美托咪定在老年患者下肢动脉闭塞(artriosclerosis obliterans, ASO)手术监测麻醉(monitored anesthesia care, MAC)的临床效果及安全性。方法选择2017年6月至2018年12月择期行下肢动脉闭塞介入手术治疗患者80例,男63,女17,年龄65～85岁,ASAⅡ或Ⅲ级,采用随机数字表法分为羟考酮联合右美托咪定组(O组,n=40)和芬太尼联合右美托咪定组(F组,n=40)。记录有创测压后患者平静呼吸5 min后(T_1)、股动脉穿刺置鞘时(T_2)、球囊扩张时(T_3)、手术结束时(T_4)的MAP、HR以及SpO_2;术中VAS、Ramsay评分、手术时间、出室时Ramsay评分。同时观察围术期不良反应。结果两组患者一般情况、下肢动脉硬化闭塞分级、手术时间和出室Ramsay评分差异均无统计学意义。与T_1时比较,T_2时两组MAP明显降低,HR明显减慢,且F组明显低于O组(P0.05)。T_3时F组VAS评分、Ramsay评分明显高于O组,术毕至出恢复室观察时间明显长于O组(P0.05)。术中体动反应、术中呼吸抑制以及术后恶心呕吐发生率F组明显高于O组(P0.05)。结论羟考酮联合右美托咪定可安全用于老年患者下肢动脉闭塞手术监测麻醉中,能够有效控制疼痛反应,提高手术舒适度,维持术中循环稳定,减少术中呼吸抑制发生率以及术后恶心呕吐发生率。     

腔内介入治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的临床效果分析

目的 探析腔内介入治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的临床效果.方法 选择本院2008年2月～2014年2月期间收治的42例下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者为研究对象,所有患者均在DSA机的全程监测下接受腔内介入治疗,术后患者还需接受相应的防感染治疗,主要包括抗凝、行溶栓以及抑制血小板凝聚等,观察治疗成功率.结果 治疗成功率为97.62％,患者的血流不畅通情况得到明显改善,患肢静息痛、肢体末端发凉麻木以及严重间歇性跛行也明显好转.结论 使用腔内介入治疗术治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症不仅可以有效降低并发症的发生率,同时还可以提高血管的重建率,消除流入与流出通道之间的相互影响,减轻了患者的经济负担.此外,其还具有微创、有效、安全、适用范围广以及术后恢复速度快等优点,值得临床推广.     

Intractable diffuse pulmonary diseases: Manual for diagnosis and treatment

This manual has been compiled by a joint production committee with the Diffuse Lung Disease Assembly of the Japanese Respiratory Society (JRS) to provide a practical manual for the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of intractable diffuse pulmonary diseases. The contents are based upon the results of research into these diseases by the Diffuse Pulmonary Diseases Study Group (principal researcher: Sakae Homma) supported by the FY2014–FY2016 Health and Labor Sciences Research Grant on Intractable Diseases.This manual focuses on: 1) pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis, 2) bronchiolitis obliterans, and 3) Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome with interstitial pneumonia. As these are rare/intractable diffuse lung diseases (2 and 3 were first recognized as specified intractable diseases in 2015), there have not been sufficient epidemiological studies made, and there has been little progress in formulating diagnostic criteria and severity scales; however, the results of Japan's first surveys and research into such details are presented herein. In addition, the manual provides treatment guidance and actual cases for each disease, aiming to assist in the establishment of future modalities.The manual was produced with the goal of enabling clinicians specialized in respiratory apparatus to handle these diseases in clinical settings and of further advancing future research and treatment.     

High prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux in children after lung transplantation

Bronchiolitis obliterans and its clinical correlate bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality following lung transplantation. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) may be a contributing factor for the development of BOS. Since 2002, all recipients of lung and heart-lung transplantation at our institution have been routinely investigated for GERD. In this observational study, we report on the prevalence of GERD in this population, including all pediatric patients undergoing single (SLTx) or double (DLTx) lung transplantation or heart-lung (HLTx) transplantation from January 2003-May 2004. GERD was assessed 3-6 months after transplantation by 24-hr pH testing. The fraction time (Ft) with a pH < 4 within a 24-hr period was recorded. Spirometry data, episodes of confirmed acute rejection, and demographic data were also collected. Ten transplant operations were performed: 4 DLTx, 1 SLTx, and 5 HLTx. Nine patients had cystic fibrosis. One patient had end-stage pulmonary disease secondary to chronic aspiration pneumonia and postadenovirus lung damage. Of 10 patients tested, 2 had severe GERD (Ft > 20%), 5 had moderate GERD (Ft 10-20%), 2 had mild GERD (Ft 5-10%), and 1 had no GERD. The only patient in this group with no GERD had a Nissen fundoplication pretransplant. All study patients were asymptomatic for GERD. All patients with episodes of rejection had moderate to severe GERD posttransplant. There was no association between severity of GERD and peak spirometry results posttransplant. Moderate to severe GERD is common following lung transplantation in children.