血管腔内治疗联合外科手术治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症

目的 评价血管腔内治疗联合外科手术治疗多节段性下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的效果.方法 对32例多节段性下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者施行髂动脉球囊扩张及支架植入等血管腔内治疗方法开通髂血管,择期再对股胭段病变行自体大隐静脉或人工血管旁路转流术.结果 32例患者手术过程均成功,术后下肢缺血症状改善,表现为间歇性跛行消失或跛行距离明显增大,静息痛好转,肢体溃疡愈合.术后平均踝肱指数为0.65±0.18,与术前(0.28±0.14)相比有明显提高(P<0.05).术后随访30例,随访时间3～36个月.平均18个月.支架植入后髂动脉均通畅;有2例行旁路转流术患者出现吻合口狭窄,行吻合口腔内血管成形术,术后狭窄解除.1例患者人工血管内血栓形成,再次行人工血管旁路转流术治疗,余患者旁路血管通畅,血运较术前明显改善.结论 血管腔内治疗联合外科手术治疗多节段性下肢动脉硬化闭塞症,可降低手术难度与复杂性,减少术后并发症,疗效满意.     

Idiopathic bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia presenting with spontaneous hydropneumothorax and solitary pulmonary nodule

The first case of idiopathic bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia (BOOP) presenting as solitary pulmonary nodule with spontaneous hydropneumothorax is reported in a 54-year-old man. A wedge resection of the right lower lobe was performed to show typical histological features of BOOP. This case report demonstrates that BOOP has a very diverse clinical manifestation and stresses the need to include solitary pulmonary nodule with hydropneumothorax in the spectrum of BOOP.     

Slow-resolving pneumonia secondary to bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia

We report a case of slow-resolving pneumonia secondary to bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP) in a 73-year-old woman. Owing to a delayed diagnosis of BOOP, the clinical course was quite long. This syndrome is caused by a nonspecific inflammatory pneumonitis, either idiopathic or associated with infectious or irritant agents (or drugs). It generally presents as a flu-like illness, followed by progressive dyspnea, cough, fever, and bilateral patchy alveolar infiltrates, and lasts several weeks. The diagnostic work-up of slow-resolving pneumonia is discussed.     

血栓闭塞性脉管炎的饮食调护

阐述对血栓闭塞性脉管炎患者合理配膳,促进病情好转的方法。应用中医整体观念,辨证论治的原则,针对血瘀阻络、湿热阻络、不同证型的患者辨证配膳,配合适当的饮食调护以改善患者病情。     

Quantitative chest CT for subtyping chronic lung allograft dysfunction and its association with survival

Chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) is a major cause of mortality in lung transplant recipients. CLAD can be sub‐divided into at least 2 subtypes with distinct mortality risk characteristics: restrictive allograft syndrome (RAS), which demonstrates increased overall computed tomography (CT) lung density in contrast with bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), which demonstrates reduced overall CT lung density. This study aimed to evaluate a reader‐independent quantitative density metric (QDM) derived from CT histograms to associate with CLAD survival. A retrospective study evaluated CT scans corresponding to CLAD onset using pulmonary function tests in 74 patients (23 RAS, 51 BOS). Two different QDM values (QDM1 and QDM2) were calculated using CT lung density histograms. Calculation of QDM1 includes the extreme edges of the histogram. Calculation of QDM2 includes the central region of the histogram. Kaplan‐Meier analysis and Cox regression analysis were used for CLAD prognosis. Higher QDM values were significantly associated with decreased survival. The hazard ratio for death was 3.2 times higher at the 75th percentile compared to the 25th percentile using QDM1 in a univariate model. QDM may associate with CLAD patient prognosis.     

Effect of HMG CoA reductase inhibitors on the development of chronic lung allograft dysfunction

Lung transplant recipients (LRs) have a reduced median 5‐year survival of approximately 55% primarily due to chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD). Statins have anti‐inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects that may facilitate CLAD prevention. This study sought to evaluate statin effect on CLAD development. Adult bilateral LRs from January 2004 to October 2013 were included. Statin group included recipients with early statin use and continued for minimum 6 months. Propensity score matching was performed for age, gender, and native lung disease to select matched nonstatin group. Competing risk approach was used to evaluate statin effect on CLAD development at 3 years while controlling for acute rejection and CMV pneumonitis. A total of 130 patients were included in each group. CLAD cumulative incidence at 3 years for statin and nonstatin groups was 20.6% (CI: 11.8%‐33.5%) and 22.4% (CI: 12.2%‐27.3%). Statin use was not associated with a decreased risk of CLAD (subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR]: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.55‐1.59, P = .80) but was associated with a decreased risk of death (SHR: 0.45, CI: 0.22‐0.90, P = .024). At 3 years, patient survival was 81.7% in statin group and 68.3% in nonstatin group (P = .012). Statins did not significantly delay the time to development of CLAD in LR but did demonstrate a benefit in patient survival.     

Emerging biomarkers in chronic lung allograft dysfunction

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Lung transplantation remains an important treatment for patients with end stage lung disease. Chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) remains the greatest limiting factor for long term survival. As the diagnosis of CLAD is based on pulmonary function tests, significant lung injury is required before a diagnosis is feasible, likely when irreversible damage has already occurred. Therefore, research is ongoing for early CLAD recognition, with biomarkers making up a substantial amount of this research.

Areas covered: The purpose of this review is to describe available biomarkers, focusing on those which aid in predicting CLAD and distinguishing between different CLAD phenotypes. We describe biomarkers presenting in bronchial alveolar lavage (BAL) as well as circulating in peripheral blood, both of which offer an appealing alternative to lung biopsy.

Expert opinion: Development of CLAD involves complex, multiple immune and nonimmune mechanisms. Therefore, evaluation of potential CLAD biomarkers serves a dual purpose: clinically, the goal remains early detection and identification of patients at increased risk. Simultaneously, biomarkers offer insight into the different mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of CLAD, leading to the development of possible interventions. The ultimate goal is the development of both preventive and early intervention strategies for CLAD to improve the overall survival of our lung transplant recipients.     

Does application of topical steroids for lichen sclerosus (balanitis xerotica obliterans) affect the rate of circumcision? A systematic review

Purpose

To determine whether treatment of lichen sclerosus et atrophicus (LS), with topical steroids reduces the rate of circumcision.

大隐静脉原位转流术治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症

目的：探讨大隐静脉原位转流术治疗下肢多节段动脉硬化闭塞症效果。方法：大隐静脉原位转流，同时行输人道或输出道动脉重建及溃疡清创术。结果：ABI平均值由术前的0．40上升至0．87，缺血肢体挽救率为100%。结论：大隐静脉原位转流术是治疗下肢多节段动脉硬化闭塞症的理想术式。     

超声消融治疗动脉闭塞性硬化症疗效观察

目的 应用Acolysis血栓超声消融仪对下肢动脉硬化闭塞症(ASO)进行治疗，评价其疗效。方法 10例ASO患者共11条肢体均经血管造影确诊，病程在15d至3年。在DSA下用Acolysis血栓消融仪行腔内超声消融治疗。配合抗凝，祛聚，扩张血管等治疗。多普勒超声随访。结果 10例患者除1例肢体因动脉再次闭塞外，9例患者10条闭塞的动脉管腔均经一次治疗后再通，随访1～3个月，10条血管保持通畅，有效率达90％。结论 血管内超声消融技术，可以有效地消融外周动脉的陈旧性血栓和斑块，重新恢复闭塞血管的血流，从而能明显改善临床症状，挽救肢体。