2型糖尿病膝下动脉病变患者介入治疗前后缺血动脉内氧化应激标志物的变化及意义

目的观察2型糖尿病(T2DM)下肢动脉硬化闭塞症(ASO)患者下肢动脉介入治疗前后病变动脉内氧化应激标志物的变化,探讨T2DM合并ASO患者体内氧化应激水平及介入治疗对动脉内氧化应激标志物的影响。方法选择接受介入治疗的T2DM合并膝下动脉(胫腓动脉)病变的患者30例,入组患者均行下肢动脉造影检查(DSA),部分患者还需要行经皮腔内血管成形术(PTA)。单纯行DAS患者为14例(造影组),DSA+PTA患者为16例(治疗组)。造影组和治疗组患者均在介入手术前行常规检查并抽取静脉血测血脂、糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1c)和氧化应激标志物水平,包括超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)以及脂质过氧化物终产物丙二醛(MDA)。造影组、治疗组还需取介入治疗前动脉血3 mL,此外治疗组在缺血动脉远端同一部位取PTA术前术后动脉血。上述标本均测SOD、MDA水平。结果造影组患者下肢动脉造影未见明显狭窄。治疗组术前动静脉血SOD水平低于造影组,MDA水平高于造影组(P0.05)。造影组、治疗组各组内介入术前静脉血与动脉血SOD、MDA比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗组介入术前缺血部位SOD水平较介入治疗前动脉血水平低(P0.05),MDA水平较介入治疗前动脉血水平高(P0.05)。治疗组介入术后缺血部位SOD水平较介入术前缺血部位及介入术前动脉血SOD均降低(P0.05),MDA水平较介入术前缺血部位及介入术前动脉血中水平均升高(P0.05)。结论介入术前后患者使用抗氧化应激药物可能会改善处理病变的远期预后,减少血管再狭窄发生。     

闭塞性细支气管炎的治疗进展

闭塞性细支气管炎（BO）是一种少见的不可逆性慢性小气道阻塞性肺疾病，表现为反复持续性咳嗽、喘息，运动不耐受，难以消退的肺部喘鸣音及细湿性啰音。BO是一种组织病理学概念，临床上主要包括移植后出现的闭塞细支气管炎综合征（BOS）和感染后闭塞性细支气管炎（PIBO）。目前BO无确定的治疗方案，治疗以糖皮质激素、大环内酯类抗生素、白三烯受体拮抗剂等抗炎治疗、免疫抑制剂、靶向治疗和对症支持治疗为主。本文对近5年来闭塞性细支气管炎的治疗进展进行综述。     

中西医结合综合疗法治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症临床观察

目的:观察桃红四物汤加减方内服联合中医外治疗法治疗动脉硬化闭塞症的临床效果。方法:将210例临床为动脉硬化闭塞症、辨证为瘀阻脉络型患者随机分为A组、B组和C组。三组在控制血压、血糖、血脂等基础治疗上,分别加用西药常规治疗(A组)、桃红四物汤加减方内服结合西药常规治疗(B组)及中西医结合综合治疗(C组)。检测血清凝血酶原时间(PT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)、三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)水平,测量并计算各组患者治疗前及治疗后踝肱指数(ABI),通过B超测量各组患者治疗前及治疗后股浅动脉、胫后动脉和足背动脉的血管内径、峰值流速和血流量。结果:疗效显著性C组B组A组(P0.05);血脂生化指标除PT及FIB治疗前后无统计学意义(P0.05)外,其余指标均有所改善,且改善效果C组优于B组,更优于A组(P0.01);三组治疗后ABI均有改善(P0.05),且改善效果C组优于B组,更优于A组(P0.01);三组治疗后B超检测项目均有改善(P0.05),其中股浅动脉的血流量、足背动脉的峰值速度和血流量的改善效果C组及B组均明显优于A组(P0.01),但C组优于B组不明显,其余检查指标三组内每两组间的治疗效果差异均有统计学意义(P0.01),改善效果C组优于B组,更优于A组。结论:桃红四物汤加减方内服联合中医外治疗法治疗脉络瘀阻型下肢动脉硬化闭塞症可明显改善患者多项血脂生化及血流物理指标,疗效明显优于单纯西医及中药内服结合西药常规治疗。     

Loss of GRB2 associated binding protein 1 in arteriosclerosis obliterans promotes host autophagy

Background:Arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO) is a major cause of adult limb loss worldwide. Autophagy of vascular endothelial cell (VEC) contributes to the ASO progression. However, the molecular mechanism that controls VEC autophagy remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of the GRB2 associated binding protein 1 (GAB1) in regulating VEC autophagy.Methods:In vivo and in vitro studies were applied to determine the loss of adapt protein GAB1 in association with ASO progression. Histological GAB1 expression was measured in sclerotic vascular intima and normal vascular intima. Gain- and loss-of-function of GAB1 were applied in VEC to determine the effect and potential downstream signaling of GAB1.Results:The autophagy repressor p62 was significantly downregulated in ASO intima as compared to that in healthy donor (0.80 vs. 0.20, t = 6.43, P < 0.05). The expression level of GAB1 mRNA (1.00 vs. 0.24, t = 7.41, P < 0.05) and protein (0.72 vs. 0.21, t = 5.97, P < 0.05) was significantly decreased in ASO group as compared with the control group. Loss of GAB1 led to a remarkable decrease in LC3II (1.19 vs. 0.68, t = 5.99, P < 0.05), whereas overexpression of GAB1 significantly led to a decrease in LC3II level (0.41 vs. 0.93, t = 7.12, P < 0.05). Phosphorylation levels of JNK and p38 were significantly associated with gain- and loss-of-function of GAB1 protein.Conclusion:Loss of GAB1 promotes VEC autophagy which is associated with ASO. GAB1 and its downstream signaling might be potential therapeutic targets for ASO treatment.     

Combination of intramuscular transplantation of autologous mononuclear bone marrow cells with sympathectomy (L2, 3) in patients with peripheral arterial disease(PAD)

BackgroundIn most patients with severe, chronic extremity ischemic diseases, intervention or surgical treatment is often not suitable. Combination of intramuscular transplantation of autologous monocular bone marrow cells (AMBMCs) and sympathectomy (L2, 3) has been proved therapeutically beneficial.MethodsWe studied 170 patients (combined group 80, control group 90) with extremity ischemia (TAO, ASO FontaineⅡ,Ⅲ, Ⅳ) between January 2013 and September 2019.ResultsIn contrast to pre-operation, the walking distance of patients increased significantly (from 61.34 ± 52.23 m to 156.0 ± 32.4 m, p < 0.01), and the ankle-brachial index (ABI) remarkably improved (from 0.28 ± 0.13 to 0.59 ± 0.23, p < 0.05).ConclusionCombined therapy is feasible and effective for patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD).     

Gastroesophageal reflux and altered motility in lung transplant rejection

Background Lung transplantation has become an effective therapeutic option for selected patients with end stage lung disease. Long‐term survival is limited by chronic rejection manifest as bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS). The aspiration of gastric contents has been implicated as a causative or additive factor leading to BOS. Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and altered foregut motility are common both before and after lung transplantation. Further, the normal defense mechanisms against reflux are impaired in the allograft. Recent studies using biomarkers of aspiration have added to previous association studies to provide a growing body of evidence supporting the link between rejection and GER. Further, the addition of high‐resolution manometry (HRM) and impedance technology to characterize bolus transit and the presence and extent of reflux regardless of pH might better identify at‐risk patients. Although additional prospective studies are needed, fundoplication appears useful in the prevention or treatment of post‐transplant BOS. Purpose This review will highlight the existing literature on the relationship of gastroesophageal reflux and altered motility to lung transplant rejection, particularly BOS. The article will conclude with a discussion of the evaluation and management of patients undergoing lung transplantation at our center.     

Involvement of the coronary artery in a patient with thromboangiitis obliterans. A case report

 We report a case of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) using the left internal mammary artery (LIMA) and a saphenous vein graft in a 36-year-old man with Buerger's disease. He was hospitalized in the coronary intensive care unit with a diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. His coronary angiography showed total occlusion of the proximal segment of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) and right coronary artery. Left ventricular dysfunction was detected by ventriculography. The patient had undergone bilateral sympathectomy of the lumbar branches for distal arterial occlusions due to thromboangiitis obliterans 12 years previously. Under cardiopulmonary bypass and aortic cross-clamping, we performed endarterectomy and a complex bypass procedure to LAD. Aorta-right coronary artery bypass was also applied. A histopathological study of an endarterectomy specimen showed characteristic features of thromboangiitis obliterans. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged on the ninth postoperative day. Received: November 19, 2001 / Accepted: February 16, 2002