Mental health and learning disability nursing students' perceptions of the usefulness of the objective structured clinical examination to assess their competence in medicine administration

The aim of this study was to evaluate mental health and learning disability nursing students' perceptions of the usefulness of the objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) in assessing their administration of medicine competence. Learning disability (n = 24) and mental health (n = 46) students from a single cohort were invited to evaluate their experience of the OSCE. A 10‐item survey questionnaire was used, comprising open‐ and closed‐response questions. Twelve (50%) learning disability and 32 (69.6%) mental health nursing students participated. The OSCE was rated highly compared to other theoretical assessments; it was also reported as clinically real and as a motivational learning strategy. However, it did not rate as well as clinical practice. Content analysis of written responses identified four themes: (i) benefits of the OSCE; (ii) suggestions to improve the OSCE; (iii) concern about the lack of clinical reality of the OSCE; and (iv) OSCE‐induced stress. The themes, although repeating some of the positive statistical findings, showed that participants were critical of the university setting as a place to conduct clinical assessment, highlighted OSCE‐related stress, and questioned the validity of the OSCE as a real‐world assessment. The OSCE has an important role in the development of student nurses' administration of medicine skills. However, it might hinder their performance as a result of the stress of being assessed in a simulated environment.     

OSCE在临床技能考核中的应用与研究

目的:研究应用客观结构化临床考试(objective structured clinical examination,OSCE)评价医学生临床技能水平的重要性。方法:采用在医学模拟人上实际操作的"三站式"OSCE考试,对我校2011、2012、2013届共计2 181名临床医学专业学生进行临床实践技能考核,并随机抽取三届部分学生与考官进行问卷调查。结果:OSCE考核成绩总体呈正态分布。与2011届学生成绩比较,2013届学生三站成绩、总成绩、及格率均明显降低(P<0.001)。问卷调查结果显示,85.7%考官与66.5%学生认为三站式考试能够客观全面考核医学生对临床基本技能的掌握情况;2012届93.9%考生认为OSCE毕业综合多站式考核应该继续坚持下去。结论:OSCE考核具有良好的信度、可操作性与重复性,能够客观、真实、全面评估考生的临床基本技能,值得进一步推广;OSCE对于加强与促进医学院校的临床实践教学,具有一定的导向作用。     

标准化病人在临床教学中的发展回顾与展望

文章回顾了标准化病人的起源和发展历史,阐述了它在我国医学教育领域的应用情况和发展趋势,旨在为探索适合我国医学教育环境的SP模式提供思考与借鉴,同时也为其他需同时考核应试者的专业技能和沟通能力的领域提供有益参考。     

护理本科毕业生客观结构化临床考评模式的实施效果及评价

目的探讨护理本科毕业生客观结构化临床考评(objective structured clinical examination,OSCE)模式的实施效果。方法便利抽样法选取已完成1年临床实习即将毕业的滨州医学院护理学院2011届五年制护理本科生(以下简称护生)335名为调查对象。采用OSCE模式,设病例分析、护理评估、健康教育、操作技能、模拟急救、科研能力等6个考站进行考评,分析考评结果;并调查护生和主考教师对各考站难易度的评价及对OSCE模式的评价。结果 335名护生平均成绩为(77.77±4.52)分,成绩总体呈正态分布。6个考站难度指数为0.69～0.83,平均难度指数为0.78。各考站区分度指数为0.40～0.56,考评总区分度指数为0.36。考评方案难度适中,区分度指数较高。220名护生认为护理评估考站为最难考站,大部分师生均认为考站结构安排合理。结论 OSCE模式能够客观评价护生的临床护理综合能力。考评可靠性良好,站点设置较为合理。护理教育工作者应不断优化考评方案,建立护生综合能力评价体系与标准,以增加考评的客观性、真实性和规范性。     

Objective Control and Well-Being in Assisted Living Settings

Abstract

The present study sampled 85 residents of assisted living facilities and delineated two groups based on functional independence, or objective control. The groups were then compared on measures of life satisfaction and affective experience. No significant differences were found on these criteria, suggesting that personal control capabilities are less instrumental in determining well-being among this population. Implications include the possibility that assisted living arrangements for older adults may assuage the often-observed decline in well-being reported under conditions of lesser functional capabilities.     

未来中长期全球公共卫生安全: 发展趋势及其国际政治影响

  目的  明确我国公共卫生安全优先干预领域及策略,为制定我国卫生安全战略、完善公共卫生安全体系提供参考依据。  方法  采用文献分析、专家咨询、专题小组讨论等方法设计专家咨询问卷,通过现场调查进行数据收集,采用EPI建立数据库及SPSS 20.0进行数据分析,运用因子分析筛选策略。  结果  建立了8个战略目标维度、64个原始策略因子专家咨询问卷;因子分析KMO统计值为0.953,8个初始特征值方差贡献率大于1,其方差累计贡献率为76.56;利用因子分析法删除25个负相关因子后筛选出39个干预策略、9个优先策略、4个优先战略目标。  结论  卫生安全全球化形势与迫切需求下,强化全球卫生安全、加强医疗和公共卫生干预措施、加强系统监测以及制定我国的卫生安全战略是我国现阶段优先考虑的公共卫生安全战略目标。     

中医OSCE之医病沟通教案设计与执行

客观结构式临床测验（OSCE）是目前医学教育发展的重要项目之一。中医教育发展受到西方医学教育影响,也逐步发展出中医的客观结构式临床测验。医病沟通是极为重要的临床能力,藉由OSCE能够观察并给与教学回馈以建立医学生的医病沟通能力。教案设计中的剧本撰写与标准化病人训练是OSCE的关键要素,以期达到一致且具有效度的评量。     

Relationships among objective measures and speech perception in adult users of the HiResolution Bionic Ear

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to describe speech recognition performance for subjects using electrically evoked stapedial reflex thresholds (eSRT) based on programs with the HiResolution Bionic Ear system. A secondary goal was to evaluate the relationship of the electrically evoked compound action potentials (eCAP) as measured with neural response imaging (NRI) relative to the subjects' most comfortable stimulation levels (M levels). M levels, eSRT and eCAP thresholds were measured in 19 postlinguistically deafened adults using either a CII or HiRes 90K cochlear implant. The results showed that eSRTs could be measured easily in a majority of subjects, whereas eCAPS were measured in all subjects. There were close agreements between eSRTs and M levels in the subjects' behaviorally based programs. In contrast, the correspondence between M levels and eCAP thresholds was not as strong. New programs were created with M levels based on the eSRTs for 11 subjects. Programs created using eSRTs as a guide for setting levels yielded better speech recognition than programs using conventional behavioural measures of M levels. These data indicate that individuals can obtain strong benefits from cochlear implants using programs with stimulation levels based on objective measures. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.