Long-term ambulatory monitoring of indirect arterial blood pressure using a volume-oscillometric method

A new portable instrument equipped with a microprocessor was designed for the long-term ambulatory monitoring of indirect arterial pressure in the human finger at desired intervals using a volume-oscillometric technique. All the necessary procedures such as (1) programmed control of cuff pressure, (2) detection of the systolic end-point and the point of maximum amplitude of arterial volume pulsations, (3) reading of the cuff pressures corresponding to these two points, (4) its processing and (5) recording of the systolic and mean pressure together with heart rate on a digital memory integrated circuit were performed automatically. After the monitoring, the data were reproduced and analysed by a conventional personal computer. Simultaneous comparison of the data with direct measurement, operation and evaluation of this instrument, and ambulatory monitoring were carried out. With this instrument noninvasive and accurate monitoring of arterial pressure could be made in unrestricted subjects during daily activities.     

抗核糖体抗体阳性判断标准的探讨

目的 :分析针对分子量为 38kD和 或 15 16 5kD多肽抗原的抗核糖体抗体 (anti ribosomalantibodies)与SLE的关系 ,探讨抗核糖体抗体的阳性判断标准及其在SLE中的检出情况。方法 :收集病人血清 2 6 2例 ,包括SLE115例、RA5 7例、硬皮病 2 0例、MCTD39例及其他免疫性疾病 31例 ,用免疫印迹法 (Western blot)检测其抗ENA抗体谱。结果 :分别以同时出现 38kD和 16 5 15kD蛋白条带以及出现 38kD蛋白条带为判断抗核糖体抗体阳性的标准 ,则该抗体对诊断SLE的敏感性和特异性结果分别为 2 8 7% (33 115 )、96 6 % (14 2 14 7)及 17 4 % (2 0 115 )、97 3% (14 3 14 7) ,两者比较敏感性有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 ) ,特异性无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ;仅 38kD分子阳性的 14例样本中 ,SLE占大多数 ,显著多于其它疾病 (71 4 %比 2 8 6 % ,P <0 0 5 ) ;38kD分子阳性同时伴抗Sm抗体阳性者多于抗Sm抗体阴性者 ,但无显著性差异 (6 4 3%比 35 7% ,P >0 0 5 )。结论 :抗核糖体抗体 38kD分子与SLE密切相关 ,而与抗Sm抗体相关性不强。以 38kD为主要抗原多肽判断抗核糖体抗体 ,不仅可以提高该抗体的阳性检出率 ,同时也不会降低其对SLE诊断的特异性 ,该判断方法值得推广应用。     

甲襞、球结膜微循环的应急观测方法

甲襞、球结膜微循环的应急观测方法是在甲襞、球结膜微循环加权积分综合定量评价方法的基础上，保留权值为４、３的指标，同时观察血管清晰度和红细胞聚集二项指标而形成。同时提供其应急观测积分表、异常分度积分值、诊断标准，并与常规方法进行比较，证明其可以反映绝大部分流态类指标和大部分形态类指标及重要的袢周改变，没有丢失微循环重度异常的信息，保证了重度异常诊断的正确。但在大致正常、轻度异常和中度异常的诊断中应急方法部有判重的倾向，说明应急方法漏掉了一些信息，不能全面地了解微循环的改变，造成了判重的倾向。因此应急方法不能代替常规方法，只能在特定条件下应用。     

Computational simulations of mitral regurgitation quantification using the flow convergence method: Comparison of hemispheric and hemielliptic formulae

Mitral regurgitation results from the incomplete closure of the mitral valve, and the noninvasive diagnosis of this disease remains an important clinical goal. In this study, steady flow computer simulations were used to evaluate flow convergence method for flow rate estimation. The hemispheric and hemielliptic formulae were compared for accuracy in the presence of complicating factors such, as ventricular confinement, orifice shape, and aortic outflow. Results showed that in the absence of aortic outflow and ventricular confinement, there was a plateau zone where the hemispheric formula approximated the true flow rate, independent of orifice shape. However, in the presence of complicating factors such as aortic outflow and ventricular confinement, there was no clear zone where the hemispheric formula could be applied. The hemielliptic formula, however, worked in, all cases, regardless of chamber size or magnitude of aortic outflow. Therefore, application of the hemielliptic formula shold be considered in future clinical studies.     

包埋前免疫电镜双标技术在神经解剖学研究中的应用

目的　在超微结构水平观察两种神经递质在纤维终末内的共存或一种神经递质与其相应受体之间的关系。　方法　包埋前免疫电镜双重标记技术———酶标法和免疫金 银标记法相结合的方法。　结果　在免疫反应双重标记的纹状体切片上 ,电镜下观察到大量的SP样 (过氧化物酶免疫反应产物 )阳性终末和SP受体 (SPR ,免疫金 银标记颗粒 )样阳性神经元的胞体和树突 ,同时可见部分SP样阳性轴突终末分别与SPR样阳性神经元的胞体或树突形成对称性轴 体或轴 树突触联系。而在三叉神经脊束核尾侧亚核切片上 ,电镜下可观察到大量的两种囊泡膜谷氨酸转运体 ,即DNPI样 (过氧化物酶免疫反应产物 )和VGluT1样 (免疫金 银标记颗粒 )阳性轴突终末 ,同时还观察到DNPI样和VGluT1样双标的轴突终末与阴性树突形成非对称性突触。　结论　包埋前免疫电镜双重标记技术敏感性较高 ,组织的抗原性保存好 ,特别是在神经解剖学研究中 ,用于研究两种神经递质在同一个细胞或终末内的共存或分析神经递质与其相应受体之间的联系中有独到之处。     

人大脑内部微血管构筑——组织化学显示法研究

本文应用碱性磷酸酶组织化学对血管内皮的染色方法,光镜观察了3例人大脑内部的微血管构型。结果,皮质短动脉进入皮质内的分枝去向有:1.皮质返枝;2.水平枝;3.下降支。皮质长动脉末端的分枝类型分为:1.血管栅栏样分枝型;2.烛台样或小锚样分枝型;3.树根样分枝型。看到了从微动脉、毛细血管到微静脉的连续性通路。论述了皮质动脉与静脉之间在形态学方面的差别及皮质内血管吻合的几种形式,为更好地理解大脑皮质内微循环类型提供了形态学依据。     

不同镇痛方式在开胸术后的镇痛效果及对肺功能影响

目的观察不同镇痛方式在开胸手术后的镇痛效果及其对肺功能的影响。方法39例ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级,在硬膜外复合全身麻醉下行侧开胸手术的病人,术后随机接受罗哌卡因(罗哌组,n=10)、甲磺酸罗哌卡因(甲罗组,n=10)和布比卡因(布比组,n=10)硬膜外镇痛(patient controlled epidural analgesia,PCEA)及吗啡(吗啡组,n=9)静脉镇痛(patient controlled intravenous analgesia,PCIA)。结果术后1、2、5d静息时的疼痛评分罗哌组和甲罗组均明显低于布比组,但与吗啡组相比无明显差异;术后1d静息时疼痛评分吗啡组也明显低于布比组,但术后2、5d两组间无明显差异。术后1、2、5d咳嗽时疼痛评分罗哌组均明显低于布比组和吗啡组;各时间咳嗽时疼痛评分布比组和吗啡组之间无明显差异。术后1、2dPaCO2罗哌组均明显低于布比组,术后1dPaCO2罗哌组也明显低于布比组;术后1、2dPaCO2罗哌组均明显高于吗啡组,但与布比组之间无明显差异。术后1、2、5d用力肺活量和呼吸峰流速四组间无明显差异。结论罗哌卡因和甲磺酸罗哌卡因加舒芬太尼可安全用于开胸手术后硬膜外镇痛,其镇痛效果优于布比卡因加芬太尼硬膜外镇痛和吗啡静脉镇痛,并使术后病人维持更好的呼吸功能,且不增加副作用的发生率。     

A simple method for computer quantification of stage REM eye movement potentials

We describe a simple method for computer quantification of eye movement (EM) potentials during REM sleep. This method can be applied by investigators using either period-amplitude (PA) or Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) spectral EEG analysis without special hardware or computer programming. It provides good correlations with visual ratings of EM in baseline sleep and after administration of GABAergic hypnotics. We present baseline data for both PA and FFT measures for 16 normal subjects, studied for 5 consecutive nights. Both visually rated and computer-measured EM density (EMD) showed high night-to-night correlations across baseline and drug nights and the computer measures detected the EMD suppression that is produced by GABAergic drugs. Measurement of EM in addition to stage REM provides biologically significant information and application of this simple computer method, which does not require pattern recognition algorithms or special hardware, could provide reliable data that can be compared across laboratories.     

High-throughput single strand conformation polymorphism mutation detection by automated capillary array electrophoresis: validation of the method

Capillary array electrophoresis (CAE) is a novel technique, which allows for high throughput analysis of DNA fragments. When screening for mutations in whole populations or large patient groups it is necessary to have robust and well-characterized setups for high throughput analysis. For large-scale mutation screening, we have developed procedures for single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) assays using CAE (CAE-SSCP) whereby we may increase both the sensitivity and the throughput compared to conventional SSCP analysis. In this study we have validated CAE-SSCP by 1) comparing detection by slab-gel based SSCP with CAE-SSCP of mutations in the MYH7, MYL2, and MYL3 genes encoding sarcomere proteins from patients suffering from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; and 2) by constructing a series of 185 mutants having substitution mutations, as well as insertion/deletion mutations, or some combinations of these, in different sequence contexts in four exons and different positions relative to the end of the amplicon (three from the KCNQ1 gene, encoding a cardiac potassium channel, and one from the TNNI3 gene encoding cardiac troponin I). The method identified 181 out of 185 mutations (98%), and the data suggest that the position of mutation in the fragment had no effect on the sensitivity. Analysis of the specificity of the method showed that only very few mutants could not be distinguished from each other and there were no false positives.     

Simulation of laser tomoscopy in a heterogeneous biological medium

A Monte Carlo model has been developed to study the propagation of an ultrashort light pulse through a heterogeneous thick biological specimen. A circular blood vessel is moved within a tissular slab to simulate biological specimen scanning using a picosecond laser source and a collimated ultrafast multichannel opticl shutter. Features of the transmitted light are computed for each position of the blood vessel. The computer program gives an account of the transmitted photons, the flight time which does not exceed straightforward crossing time plus time gate of known duration. A small blood vessel (radius R=2 mm) placed in a 40 mm thick slab is easily located when a time gate of 10 ps duration is employed. Such a time gate also allows the detection of a middle-sized vessel (R=4 mm) embedded in a thicker sample (80 mm). The contrast computed for the transmittance profile is greatly improved when a time gate is used. In addition, shifting of the blood vessel towards the unilluminated side of the sample decreases the contrast. We demonstrate that the time selection process may provide a substantial improvement to the laser tomoscopy technique when used for imaging biological media.