大鼠肝癌发生发展过程中肝组织增殖细胞核抗原动态演变规律

目的研究原发性肝细胞癌发生、发展过程中肝组织增殖细胞核抗原(proliferatingcellnuclearanti-gen,PCNA)的动态演变规律。方法将60只SD大鼠按随机数字表法随机分为对照组(20只)和实验组(40只)。用化学致癌剂3,3′-二氨基联苯胺(3,3′-diaminobenzidine,DAB)诱发SD大鼠肝癌,采用免疫组织化学方法连续监测各时相肝组织中PCNA的表达,光镜下观察肝组织的病理变化。结果本实验的诱癌过程可分为炎性变期、增生纤维化期和癌变期3个阶段;PCNA的表达最早出现于炎性变早期汇管区的卵圆细胞中,并在汇管区呈区域性过表达分布;炎性变中期,PCNA表达阳性率达高峰,随后下降,在癌变期又升高,在整个病理演变过程中其表达具波动性。结论在致癌因素的存在下,PCNA首先表达于卵圆细胞;PCNA表达的动态演变对肝癌的发生有一定的预警作用。     

Role of proteasomes in the formation of neurofilamentous inclusions in spinal motor neurons of aluminum‐treated rabbits

We examined the role of the 20S proteasome in pathologic changes, including abnormal aggregation of phosphorylated neurofilaments, of spinal motor nerve cells from aluminum‐treated rabbits. Immunohistochemistry for the 20S proteasome revealed that many lumbar spinal motor neurons without intracytoplasmic neurofilamentous inclusions or with small inclusions were more intensely stained in aluminum‐treated rabbits than in controls, whereas the immunoreactivity was greatly decreased in some enlarged neurons containing large neurofilamentous inclusions. Proteasome activity in whole spinal cord extracts was significantly increased in aluminum‐treated rabbits compared with controls. Furthermore, Western blot analysis indicated that the 20S proteasome degraded non‐phosphorylated high molecular weight neurofilament (neurofilament‐H) protein in vitro. These results suggest that aluminum does not inhibit 20S proteasome activity, and the 20S proteasome degrades neurofilament‐H protein. We propose that abnormal aggregation of phosphorylated neurofilaments is induced directly by aluminum, and is not induced by the proteasome inhibition in the aluminum‐treated rabbits. Proteasome activation might be involved in intracellular proteolysis, especially in the earlier stages of motor neuron degeneration in aluminum‐treated rabbits.     

PCNA在乳腺病变组织中的表达与病理学特性关系

本文运用增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)单克隆抗体对88例乳腺病变组织进行免疫组化研究,并与乳腺癌组织学分级和淋巴结转移作了对比分析,结果显示:乳腺良性病变阳性率为16%,乳腺癌为73.02%,两者比较有显著性差异P<0.01),pCNA指数与乳腺癌组织学分级淋巴结转移密切相关.作者认为PCNA的表达对区分良恶性病变及组织学分级,淋巴(?)转移(?)为客观可靠,是(?)癌预后判断的良好指标.     

金地鼠颊囊癌模型PCNA,BrdU及光镜观察结果的相关分析

癌变的早期诊断对提高疗效具有特殊意义，为了寻求简捷，高效，超前，可靠的诊断方法，实验以ＤＭＢＡ（二甲基苯并蒽）诱导的金地鼠颊囊致癌模型为对象，以ＰＣＮＡ（增殖细胞核抗原）ＢｒｄＶ（溴脱氧尿嘧啶）等免疫组化技术为手段；以光镜观察诊断为对照，对三种观察结果进行相关分析，发现三者间有高度显著的相关性，证实了免疫组化方法在癌变诊断中有一定的参考价值，实验还发现ＰＣＮＡ和ＢｒｄＵ检测结果比较每天敏感，简捷，     

Proliferative activity of calcifying odontogenic cysts as evaluated by proliferating cell nuclear antigen labeling index

The calcifying odontogenic cyst (COC) presents with diverse hlstologlcal features; thus, several subclasslfl-cations have been proposed. To evaluate the slgnlficance of the various histological features and subtypes of COC from the perspectlve of proliferative activity, the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) labellng index (LI; the percentage of positive nuclei) was assessed immunohistochemlcally in 25 cases of COC (21 benign and four malignant). All of the benign cases were of the cystic variety and further subclas-sified into non-proliferative subtype (NPS; four cases); proliferative subtype (PS; eight cases); and COC associated with odontoma (COCaO, nlne cases). The PCNA U of the mallgnant COC (65.2 ± 5.6) was slgnlflcantly higher than that of the benlgn COC (11.6 ± 9.0; P = 0.002). Non-proliferative subtype (6.8 ± 2.8) showed the lowest PCNA LI and PS (17.2 ± 11.2) the highest of among the three subtypes of benign cystic COC (P = 0.028). In nine cases of COCaO, six showed epithelial lining of the non-proliferative type as NPS and the other three had lining wlth proliferative features as PS. The PCNA LI of the latter COCaO group (14.3 ± 6.6) was significantly higher than that of the former (6.1 ± 4.3; P = 0.05), as Seen between PS and NPS. These results demonstrate that PCNA LI is a possible parameter for differentiating mallgnant COC from benign COC and, whatever the subtypes, the proliferative features In the lining are the main factor influencing the prollferatlng actlvity of COC.     

The estimation of mean nuclear volume in the diagnosis of breast carcinoma.

Sixty-two cases of breast pathology were randomly selected from the files of the Dunedin Public Hospital for evaluation of mean epithelial nuclear volume. The cases were comprised of both benign and malignant ductal epithelial disease, diagnosed in cytological smears or in histological sections. Nuclear volume in histological preparations was estimated by the stereological technique of point-line intercept measurements to derive volume-weighted mean volumes (vV). An index of the nuclear volume (Vi) of cytology smears was calculated from measurements of nuclear areas by either image analysis Vi(e) or point-line intercepts Vi(p). By all methods of analysis a clear distinction of nuclear volume was found between the benign [means for the cytology were 148 microns 3 (Vi(e)) or 246 microns 3 (Vi(p)), and 203 microns 3 (Vv) for the histology specimens] and malignant diseased cases [means for cytology: 524 microns 3 (Vi(e)) or 886 microns 3 (Vi(p)), and 587 microns 3 (vV) for the histology specimens].     

心肌缺血再灌注损伤时细胞核被膜钙泵活性特征的研究

目的　研究心肌缺血再灌注损伤时Ca2 + 、ATP、ADP和AMP对细胞核被膜钙泵 (Ca2 + ATPase)活性的调节。方法　采用大鼠心肌缺血再灌注模型 ,密度梯度分离纯化细胞核 ,定磷法测定Ca2 + ATPase活性。结果　与正常大鼠相比 ,缺血再灌注损伤动物血浆MDA和FFA显著升高 (P <0 0 1) ;细胞核Ca2 + ATPase活性下降 ,对Ca2 + 亲和力降低 ;ADP、AMP对核Ca2 + ATPase活性的影响明显减弱 ;ATP对Ca2 + ATPase的作用在 [ATP]小于 1 0mmol L时 ,与正常细胞Ca2 + AT Pase活性无显著差异 ,浓度增至 2 0mmol L时 ,活性低于正常细胞 ,ATP浓度继续增加 ,核Ca2 + ATPase活性快速增加。结论　心肌缺血再灌注损伤时Ca2 + 、ATP、ADP、AMP对心肌细胞核Ca2 + ATPase活性的影响发生了明显改变 ,其病理生理意义值得进一步探讨。     

c-met和PCNA在肝再生动物模型肝脏细胞中的表达及其意义

①目的　探讨肝再生动物模型中肝细胞c met蛋白和PCNA的表达及其意义。②方法　建立肝再生动物模型 ,采用免疫组织化学方法 ,检测肝脏细胞中PCNA和c met蛋白的表达 ,并与对照组进行比较。③结果肝再生组PCNA表达较对照组增强 (uc=3.77,P <0 .0 5 ) ,c met表达与对照组比较 ,差异无显著性 (uc=0 .0 2 ,P >0 .0 5 )。肝再生组中c met蛋白在肝部分切除术后 12h表达降低 ,于术后 3d降到最低值 ,后逐渐上升 ,7d恢复正常 ;而PC NA表达于术后 1d开始增加 ,术后 3d达到最高峰 ,7d后降至正常 ,差异均有显著性 (Hc=17.3～ 19.4 ,P <0 .0 5 )。④结论　PCNA在肝脏中的表达提示肝脏切除后 ,剩余肝脏可迅速再生。检测c met的表达有助了解肝脏再生的规律。     

以问题为中心的病案教学法在临床核医学中的实践

目的 设计以问题为中心的病案小组讨论教学法，在临床核医学核素治疗见习的教学实践中进行验证和评价。方法 总结近几年在临床核医学见习带教中的问题与缺陷；以病案引入问题，教师引导，进行小组讨论；评价教学效果。结果 临床核医学及其教学具有不同于其它临床学科的鲜明特点和规律；经改革的教案，收到学生和教师的良好反馈。结论 以问题为中心的病案小组讨论教学法，切合临床核医学见习实际，有效可行。     

肝细胞癌p21蛋白与增殖细胞核抗原的表达

应用免疫且化的方法对59例肝细胞癌p21蛋白及增殖细胞核抗原的表达进行研究，并对两者在肝细胞癌中的表达关系进行比较。结果显示：p21在癌周肝组织的表达水平高于癌组织，在癌组织中的表达与肝细胞癌的分化程度有关，癌组织的分化降低，p21表达水平也随之降低p21的表达与PCNA的表达呈负相关关系（r＝－0．327，P＜0．01）。提示：p21的缺失表达可能促进PCNA合成的增加，对肝癌的发生发展起重要作用。