Staphylococcus pseudolugdunensis sp. nov., a pyrrolidonyl arylamidase/ornithine decarboxylase-positive bacterium isolated from blood cultures

Twelve coagulase-negative staphylococcal isolates recovered from blood cultures with positive pyrrolidonyl arylamidase and ornithine decarboxylase reactions were identified as Staphylococcus lugdunensis by the clinical microbiology laboratory. However, none of these 12 isolates were recognized by a S. lugdunensis translation elongation factor Tu (tuf) gene-specific probe. Under the API STAPH V4.0 identification system (bioMérieux, Durham, NC), 8 of these 12 isolates could not be identified with low discrimination scores, and 4 were identified as Kocuria varians/rosea with identification probabilities that ranged from 95.5% to 99.6%. All 12 isolates possessed identical partial 16S rRNA gene sequences, and the full 16S rRNA gene sequences of the prototype strain B006 were closely related to a tentatively assigned “Staphylococcus pettenkoferi”. All 12 isolates had identical partial tuf gene sequences corresponding to 666 to 858 nucleotide positions, and the 1188-base pair full tuf sequences of B006 strain were mostly related to 2 Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates with a 93.02% similarity. Two isolates, which were recovered from the same patient over a 16-day interval, were considered to be a pathogen causing an intravenous line-associated infection; the remaining 10 isolates were considered to be skin contaminants. Biochemical tests currently used in the clinical microbiology laboratory to identify S. lugdunensis appear to lack specificity in identifying these isolates. On the basis of the close biochemical reactions with S. lugdunensis and phylogenetic evidence, these isolates are proposed the designation Staphylococcus pseudolugdunensis sp. nov.     

福建省霞浦县发现南海溪蟹属一新种（十足目：溪蟹科）报告

霞浦南海溪蟹（Nanhaipotamon xiapuense sp.nov）,2008年4月采自福建省霞浦县松城镇西郊。正模♂,头胸甲长28.2 mm,宽35.6 mm,厚20.4 mm;配模♀,头胸甲长22.6 mm,宽28.7 mm,厚16.4 mm;霞浦南海溪蟹雄性第1腹肢末端超越腹锁突,未达第5、6胸甲缝,末第2节约为末节长的2.4倍,内末角由外末角下缘向内侧约作﹤90°折转而平展,内末角方圆形,略突出,末端指向腹上方,其形态特征可与近似种台湾南海溪蟹、南日南海溪蟹、永春南海溪蟹鉴别。     

Sarcocystis arctosi sp. nov. (Apicomplexa, Sarcocystidae) from the brown bear ( Ursus arctos ), and its genetic similarity to schizonts of Sarcocystis canis -like parasite associated with fatal hepatitis in polar bears ( Ursus maritimus )

The tissues of herbivores are commonly infected with cysts of parasites belonging to the apicomplexan genus Sarcocystis, but such sarcocysts are rare in bears. Here, we describe a new species, Sarcocystis arctosi, based on the mature sarcocysts identified in two brown bears (Ursus arctos) from Alaska, USA. Microscopic sarcocysts (37–75 × 20–42 μm) had thin walls (<1 μm). The outer layer of the sarcocyst, the parasitophorous vacuolar membrane (pvm), was wavy in outline and had minute undulations that did not invaginate towards the sarcocyst interior; these undulations occurred at irregular intervals and measured up to 100 nm in length and up to 60 nm width. The ground substance layer beneath the pvm was smooth and lacked microtubules. Longitudinally cut bradyzoites measured 5.6–6.8 × 0.7–1.8 μm. A major portion of nuclear small subunit rDNA sequence obtained from these sarcocysts was similar to that previously obtained from the hepatic schizonts of a S. canis-like parasite from polar bears (Ursus maritimus).     

Trematodes from Red Sea fishes: On the validity of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Helicometra marmoratae</Emphasis> Nagaty et Abdel-Aal, 1962 and the description of <Emphasis Type="Italic">H. aegyptense</Emphasis> sp. nov. (Opecoelidae Ozaki, 1925)

Specimens of the fishes Siganus spinus L. (Siganidae) and Sargocentron spiniferum Forsskål (Holocentridae) were caught in the Red Sea off the coast of Sharm El-Sheikh, South Sinai, Egypt. Twenty-three (46%) and 12 (20%) of these fishes, respectively, were found to harbour intestinal trematodes. Siganus spinus was parasitized by Helicometra marmoratae Nagaty et Abdel-Aal, 1962 (Opecoelidae Ozaki, 1925) and S. spiniferum by Helicometra aegyptense sp. nov. (Opecoelidae Ozaki, 1925). Based on a large number of specimens collected from its type host and locality, H. marmoratae is broadly redescribed for the first time, and its type specimen is re-examined. The validity of this species is discussed and considered a new synonym of H. fasciata (Rudolphi, 1819) Odhner, 1902 (type species of the genus). Helicometra aegyptense sp. nov. is similar to H. equilata (Manter, 1933) Siddiqi et Cable, 1960, H. nasae Nagaty et Abdel-Aal, 1962, H. pteroisi (Gupta, 1956) Fischthal et Kuntz, 1965 and H. interrupta Hassanine, 2005 in having a short forebody and a long cirrus sac extending posterior to the ventral sucker, but differs significantly from them or unique in having a distinctly elongate pharynx, a larger sucker ratio and vitelline follicles grouped in small clusters arranged in two lateral rows on each side of the body. The valid species of Helicometra are listed in four principal groups.     

A new species of genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Hysterothylacium</Emphasis> Ward et Magath, 1917 (Nematoda,Anisakidae) from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Liparis tanakae</Emphasis> (Scorpaeniformes,Liparidae) from the Yellow Sea,China

A new anisakid nematode, Hysterothylacium liparis sp. nov., is described from the intestine and stomach of the fish, Liparis tanakae (Gilbert et Burke, 1912) (Scorpaeniformes, Liparidae), a fish endemic to the Yellow Sea, China. The new species can be distinguished from the congeners by the absence of lateral alae, the length of the intestinal caecum (1.94–3.35 mm, 58.84–82.47% of oesophageal length), the number and arrangement of the caudal papillae (20–29 precloacal subventral pairs, 1 adcloacal pair and 4 postcloacal pairs), the size of the spicules (1.94–3.74 mm, 4.85–7.30% of body length) and the morphology of the tail tip. This is the first species of adult ascaridoid nematodes to be reported from fishes of the family Liparidae in northern China.     

A new species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Oxyascaris</Emphasis> (Nematoda,Cosmocercidae) in the Costa Rica brook frog, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Duellmanohyla uranochroa</Emphasis> (Anura,Hylidae)

Oxyascaris mcdiarmidi sp. nov. (Nematoda, Cosmocercidae) from the small intestine of Duellmanohyla uranochroa from Costa Rica is described. Oxyascaris mcdiarmidi sp. nov. represents the 4th species assigned to the genus and is distinguished from congeners by the distribution pattern of the caudal papillae of the male, spicule length and vulvar position.     

四川罗索线虫生活史和生物学特性研究

对四川罗索线虫新种生活史及生物学特性研究结果表明,在室温22～30℃时,其完成一代的生活周期需26～42天,雌虫产卵期为30～60天,成虫最长寿命可达160天。室外调查和实验感染结果表明中华按蚊幼虫对四川罗索线虫很敏感。受染的中华按蚊幼虫通常干线虫逸出后5～60分钟内死亡。因此该线虫在生物防制方面的实用价值是值得重视和研究的。     

冬虫夏草菌丝多糖分离提取特性研究

研究以冬虫夏草菌丝体为原料分离提取冬虫夏草多糖的最佳条件和生产工艺。结果证明：冬虫夏草多糖的最佳提取条件是：原料粒度为300目，菌粉和水分的比例为1：2．5，浸提时间为24h，pH值为7．5～8．0。研究结果为冬虫夏草多糖特性分析和临床检测提供了基本理论数据。     

美绥螨属两新种记述（蜱螨亚纲：美绥螨科）

本文报道美绥螨属两新种,命名为粗毛美绥螨,新种Ameroseius crassisetosus sp.nov.和长毛美绥螨,新种Ameroseius longisetosus sp.nov。前者采自新疆尼勒克的小林姬鼠,后者采自新疆奇台及和布克赛尔等地的黄兔尾鼠和短尾仓鼠。     

高效液相色谱-四级杆-飞行时间串联质谱分析雪峰虫草化学成分

目的采用高效液相色谱-四级杆-飞行时间串联质谱法(HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS)对雪峰虫草醇提取物的主要化学成分进行分析鉴定。方法超声法制备雪峰虫草醇提取物,月旭AQ-C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)反相HPLC梯度洗脱法分离各主要成分;电喷雾电离源正离子模式和负离子模式对色谱流出物进行检测,四级杆飞行时间串联质谱法对各主要色谱峰进行归属。结果通过二级高分辨质谱分析结合对照品数据及相关文献,共鉴定28个化合物的结构,其主要化学成分为甘露醇、腺苷、麦角甾醇、谷甾醇、氨基酸、脂肪酸、糖类等成分。结论 HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS可从保留时间、紫外吸收光谱、精确相对分子质量、分子式和二级结构碎片等方面对雪峰虫草的主要成分进行定性分析,为寻找虫草中活性物质提供一种快速准确的分析方法。