Trematodes from Red Sea fishes: Pachycreadium lethrini sp. nov. (Opecoelidae Ozaki, 1925) and Pseudometadena aegyptensis sp. nov. (Cryptogonimidae Ward, 1917), with a review of their genera

Specimens of the fishes Lethrinus nebulosus Forsskål (Lethrinidae) and Diplodus noct Valenciennes (Sparidae) were caught in the Red Sea off the coast of Sharm El-Sheikh, South Sinai, Egypt. Ten (33%) and 12 (24%) of these fishes, respectively, were found to harbour intestinal trematodes. L. nebulosus was parasitised by Pachycreadium lethrini sp. nov. (Opecoelidae) and D. noct by Pseudometadena aegyptensis sp. nov. (Cryptogonimidae). P. lethrini sp. nov. is unique in having distinctly unequal testes, contiguous gonads arranged obliquely in the right side of hindbody and a small egg size. However, it differs from each of the other three species of the genus in several other features: from P. gastrocotylum (Manter, 1940) Manter, 1954 in having a smaller sucker ratio and vitelline follicles terminating anteriorly at the level of intestinal bifurcation; from P. carnosum (Rudolphi, 1819) Cortini et Ferretti, 1959 in having a smaller body, a smaller sucker ratio, a genital pore situated ventrally to the anterior border of pharynx, a pretesticular ovary and vitelline follicles extending anteriorly to the level of intestinal bifurcation; and from P. lerneri Sogandares-Bernal, 1959 in having a larger body, a smaller sucker ratio and an unlobed ovary. P. angolensis Aleshkina et Gaevskaya, 1985 is considered an invalid species in Pachycreadium. P. aegyptensis sp. nov. is similar to P. celebesensis Yamaguti, 1952, but mainly differs in having a larger pharynx, a much shorter oesophagus, extensive vitelline acini and a shorter seminal vesicle. Pachycreadium Manter, 1954 and Pseudometadena Yamaguti, 1952 are briefly reviewed.     

A new species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Chitwoodiella</Emphasis> Basir, 1948 with first report on <Emphasis Type="Italic">Mirzaiella asiatica</Emphasis> Basir, 1942 (Nematoda,Travassosinematidae) from Manipur,North-East India

Chitwoodiella longicardia sp. nov. is characterized by having modified cardia into a long tubular structure and extends upto anterior portion of the intestine. This character is present in all the specimens collected from North-East India and represents the third species described under the genus globally. A short note on Mirzaiella asiatica Basir, 1942 is also given. Moreover, key to known species of Chitwoodiella and Mirzaiella are also provided. A comparative measurement table of known species of Chitwoodiella and Mirzaiella are given in Table I and Table II.     

贡菊的化学成分及分析方法研究进展

贡菊化学成分以挥发油、黄酮类为主,质量控制研究以生药学、成分检查、薄层色谱鉴别、指纹图谱、含量测定为主。早晚贡菊在口感和黄酮的含量上有明显的差异。根据文献资料,综述近10年来关于贡菊化学成分、质量控制方面的研究,并重点比较了早贡菊和晚贡菊的异同点。优质贡菊质量标准研究还有待进一步深入。     

Aphanomycosis-A New Threat to Fish Population

Summary: An interesting case of fish-mycosis caused by a typical gemmae forming isolate of Aphanomyces (Aphanomyces pisci sp. nov.) is being reported from Indian waters. The present case is quite different from the general term "Saprolegniasis" in the sense that it causes blackening of the scales and subsequent exfoliation exposing the body flesh of the adult individuals of Cirrhinus mrigala (Ham) after which the fishes usually die. Based on these facts the disease has been termed as "Aphanomycosis". This disease was found to be responsible for the mortality of about 90 % of fishes in the waters of Govt, fish-ponds, Khukhundu, Deoria (UP) India, during 1974.
Zusammenfassung: Ein interessanter Fall einer Fischmykose aus indischen Gewässern, die durch eine neue Art von Aphanomyces mit typischer Gemmenbildung (Aphanomyces pisci sp. nov.) hervorgerufen wird, wird mitgeteilt. Der gegenwärtige Fall unter-scheidet sich von den unter der allgemeinen Bezeichnung "Saprolegniasis" bezeichneten Erkrankungen insofern, als zunächst an eine Schwarzfärbung der Schuppen auftritt. Anschließend kommt es zur Exfoliation, bei der das Körperfleisch erwachsener Indivi-duen von Cirrhinus mrigala (Ham) freigelegt wird. Gewöhnlich erfolgt hierauf der Tod des Fisches. Dementsprechend wurde die Erkrankung als Aphanomykosis bezeich-net. Diese Erkrankung war verantwortlich für den Tod von etwa 90 % der Fische in den Gewässern der Regierungsfischteiche in Khukhundu, Deoria (UP), Indien, im Tahre 1974.     

Exophiala mesophila spec. nov.

Summary. In this paper a new fungus species, Exophiala mesophila Listemann et Freiesleben, is described. The species was isolated from silicone seals in the shower room of a hospital ward.
Zusammenfassung. Es wird eine neue Pilzart, Exophiala mesophila Listemann et Freiesleben, beschrieben. Die Art wurde von Silikon-Dichtungen im Duschraum einer Krankenstation isoliert.     

Species of Plasmodium of passerine birds with four nuclei, with description of new species

We describe and discuss species of Plasmodium with four nuclei arranged in doublets or forming a maltese cross and loose, residual cytoplasm, described from Passer hispaniolensis in Algeria. The following species are described: Plasmodium rouxi from Alauda arvensis, from France Plasmodium mohammedi sp. nov. from Passer domesticus biblicus and Plasmodium pachysomum sp. nov. from Anthus campestris, from Israel, Plasmodium pfefferi sp. nov. from Pica pica and Plasmodium sergentorum sp. nov. from Alauda arvensis and Pica pica from France and Plasmodium stellatum sp. nov. from Muscicapa striata from Israel. All species vary in the spatial position of their four nuclei and the presence or absence of refractile, blue-staining globules. All of the described species differ from P. vaughani Novy et Mac Neal, 1904 and its siblings (example: P. vaughani merulae Corradetti et Scanga, 1973) in their number of merozoites (always four versus four to eight in the latter) and their spatial arrangement in the schizont.     

共系蚤属在我国的首次报道及鞋形共系蚤新亚种记述(蚤目:角叶蚤科)

共系蚤属是东南亚的特有蚤。鞋形共系蚤是其独模种。本文报道本属本种在我国的首次发现。其产于贵州省者为指名亚种,产于云南和广西者为一新亚种,命名为鞋形共系蚤边远亚种Syngenopsyllus;calceatus remotus,新亚种。附记了产于云南绿春的1♀为绿春亚种。最后结合着共系蚤缺少侧拱,讨论了角叶蚤科一些属的侧拱发达情况及其生态习性和宿主的关系。     

我国内蒙古大兴安岭北麓泡状肝包虫种类的研究 III.苏俄棘球绦虫(Echinococcus russicensis sp.nov.)

在我国内蒙古大兴安岭北麓草场流行有与在前苏联广泛分布的泡状棘球蚴其成虫具球形子宫相似的病原,过去称之为苏俄的多房棘球绦虫。我们在比较研究了它与欧洲的多房棘球绦虫的全程生活史的发育规律,及成虫和幼虫期的结构之后,发现两者之间有极大差异,认为不能再用多房棘球绦虫称呼之。最近,我们用内蒙古的苏俄型泡状棘球蚴人工感染4只羊羔,全部阴性不能发育,说明内蒙古的本虫种不同于所谓幼虫期可以在牛羊发育的"哈萨克亚种"。为了纪念前苏联学者最早发现和叙述本种成虫,兹暂定名为苏俄棘球绦虫新种(Echinococcus russicensis sp.nov.)。     

目平外睾吸虫——疑似新种的发现与鉴定

目平外睾吸虫Exorchis mupingensis sp. nov.的成虫寄生在西洞庭湖区目平湖的鲶鱼Parasilurus asotus肠道内;其第一中间宿主为湖北钉螺Oncomelania hupensis,第二中间宿主为金鱼Carassius auratu;其生活史包括成虫、尾蚴、一代雷蚴、囊蚴及后蚴和童虫;本吸虫的排泄囊在童虫和成虫均为不典型的V形,即包括V形和倒三角形短主干Y形,与已经报道的其它外睾吸虫的排泄囊形态有显著的不同,此外本吸虫在成虫和幼虫期同已报告的其他外睾吸虫也存在明显的差异。     

微生物产生的免疫抑制活性化合物S-9818的研究Ⅰ.菌株的分类鉴定

从我国山东省济南市郊外千佛山土壤中分离到一株放线菌 ,编号 SIIA- 9818,气生菌丝灰白色或白色 ,基内菌丝分枝、无横隔、不断裂。在大部分培养基上基丝为白色 ,不产可溶性色素 ,分生孢子丝直型 ,波曲或钩状 ,孢子椭圆型或圆柱形 ,孢子表面光滑 ,绝大部分碳源不能利用 ,生长温度偏低 ,细胞壁化学组份分析含 L ,L -二氨基庚二酸和甘氨酸 ,产生新型免疫抑制剂他克莫司 (tacrolimus,FK5 0 6 )。根据分类研究 ,菌株SIIA- 9818归属于链霉菌属 ,与已知近似菌株比较存在明显差异 ,定名为千佛链霉菌新种 SIIA- 9818(Streptomyces qianfoensissp.nov.SIIA- 9818)