深圳地区12960例地中海贫血筛查受检者的地中海贫血基因型分析

目的 探讨深圳地区地中海贫血基因型特征,及其罕见基因型碱基突变位点.方法 选择2014年5月至2015年10月于广东省深圳市第二人民医院拟行地中海贫血筛查的12 960例受检者为研究对象.研究对象纳入标准:①红细胞平均体积(MCV)＜80 fl的门诊及住院患者;②于本院行产前筛查的孕妇.排除标准:①不愿意参加本试验者;②已被确诊为其他血液系统疾病者.受试者先进行血常规MCV、血红蛋白(Hb)电泳和红细胞脆性检测的地中海贫血筛查试验,对筛查试验阳性(红细胞脆性＜70％)的患者,采用跨越断裂点PCR及反向斑点杂交(RDB)技术进行地中海贫血基因常见缺失型和点突变的基因型检测.对常见基因型检测不能确诊的患者,采用巢式PCR和PCR-直接测序(SBT)技术进行罕见基因型分析.本研究遵循的程序符合深圳市第二人民医院制定的伦理学标准,得到该委员会批准,并征得受试对象本人的知情同意,与之签署临床研究知情同意书.结果 12 960例受检者中,地中海贫血筛查试验阳性患者为2 194例,通过常见基因型检测,确诊1 019例为地中海贫血,检出率为46.4％.537例α地中海贫血患者中,以东南亚缺失型(--SEA/αα)比例最高,占66.1％(355/537),其次为α地中海贫血2(-α 3.7/αα)占15.6％(84/537),而基因型(αCS α/αCSα、αQS α/αQS α、αWS α/αWSα)和4种HbH病基因型(-α3.7/αQS ααQS、--SEA /αCS αCS、--SEA/αQS αQS、--SEA/αWS αWS)较为少见.α地中海贫血罕见基因型检出率为0.1％(3/2 194),包括2例HKαα/--SEA及1例HKαα/αα.在456例β地中海贫血患者中,β41-42(-TCTT)/β和β654(C＞T) /βA基因型检出率最高,分别为33.8％(154/456)和30.3％(138/456).在26例β复合α地中海贫血患者中,以β复合α地中海贫血1(--SEA/αα)基因型检出率最高(34.6％,9/26).β地中海贫血罕见基因型检出率为0.2％(4/2 194),包括2例β37G＞A),突变点为413 G＞A或405 G＞A,1例β88-93(-AGTG),突变点为557处出现杂合峰,1例β-88(C＞T),突变点为-88 C＞T.结论 深圳地区地中海贫血基因型有独特的分布特征,巢式PCR技术有助于发现HKαα/--SEA及HKαα/αα基因型.采用PCR-SBT技术能鉴定罕见地中海贫血基因型并发现新突变点.本研究结果为在深圳地区开展遗传咨询和产前诊断提供了参考数据.     

抗SARS-CoV病毒N蛋白的单链抗体(scFv)筛选

目的筛选出抗SARS-CoV病毒N蛋白的单链抗体。方法利用原核表达所获得的SARS病毒N蛋白,筛选人源单链抗体噬菌体展示库,经特异性的检测,以期得到抗SARS-CoV病毒N蛋白的特异单链抗体。结果获得了8个抗SARS病毒N蛋白的候选克隆。经测序,获得了编码抗体可变区的基因序列,并进行了原核表达。结论筛选得到的抗SARS-CoV病毒N蛋白单链抗体具有高度的特异性,可以用作临床实验或研究SARS病毒过程中快速检测SARSN蛋白或SARS病毒粒子的候选抗体。     

急性肺栓塞后osteoglycin的表达及对胶原代谢的影响

目的 研究大鼠急性肺栓塞模型肺组织中osteoglycin(OGN)的表达变化及其对胶原代谢的影响.方法 建立大鼠急性肺栓塞模型,分别在急性肺栓塞后1、8、24和48h开胸取出肺组织,提取总RNA和总蛋白.以正常大鼠为对照组,采用半定量RT-PCR研究OGN mRNA的表达变化,采用Western blot进一步验证OGN蛋白表达的变化,采用免疫组织化学方法检测肺栓塞前后大鼠肺组织中OGN的表达变化及组织分布情况,采用Masson染色观察急性肺栓塞4周后肺组织内的胶原沉积状况.结果 在大鼠急性肺栓塞后,OGN在mRNA及蛋白水平均逐渐降低.免疫组化染色显示OGN主要分布在支气管黏膜上皮细胞下层、软骨组织和肺泡周围,且在肺动脉内皮细胞下层、外膜和肺静脉的内膜、中膜以及外膜均有分布.急性肺栓塞后OGN在上述组织内的表达均明显降低.急性肺栓塞4周后肺组织内的胶原沉积明显增加.结论 大鼠急性肺栓塞后肺组织内OGN表达降低,促进了胶原在肺部的沉积.     

河南地区汉族人银屑病与HLA—Cw0602等位基因的关联研究

目的：分析河南地区汉族人银屑病与HLA—Cw＊0602等位基因的相关性。方法：运用聚合酶链反应一序列特异性引物（PCR—SSP）法检测河南地区汉族人200例寻常型银屑病患者和200名健康对照的HLA—Cw＊0602等位基因频率,并分析携带该基因的银屑病患者与家族史的关系。结果：病例组HLA—Cw＊0602等位基因频率较对照组显著升高（73％VS24％,P=0．000）,但无性别差异;携带HLA—Cw＊0602等位基因的银屑病患者发病年龄早于不具有该等位基因的患者（80．2％VS28．6％,P=0．001）;有银屑病家族史患者携带HLA—Cw＊0602等位基因的频率与无银屑病家族史者差异无显著性（P=1．000）。结论：HLA—Cw＊0602等位基因与河南地区汉族人银屑病易感性高度关联。携带该等位基因的银屑病患者易为早发型,但不能确定有家族倾向性。     

Ammonia metabolism,the brain and fatigue; revisiting the link

This review addresses the ammonia fatigue theory in light of new evidence from exercise and disease studies and aims to provide a view of the role of ammonia during exercise. Hyperammonemia is a condition common to pathological liver disorders and intense or exhausting exercise. In pathology, hyperammonemia is linked to impairment of normal brain function and the onset of the neurological condition, hepatic encephalopathy. Elevated blood ammonia concentrations arise due to a diminished capacity for removal via the liver and lead to increased exposure of organs, such as the brain, to the toxic effects of ammonia. High levels of brain ammonia can lead to deleterious alterations in astrocyte morphology, cerebral energy metabolism and neurotransmission, which may in turn impact on the functioning of important signalling pathways within the neuron. Such changes are believed to contribute to the disturbances in neuropsychological function, in particular the learning, memory, and motor control deficits observed in animal models of liver disease and also patients with cirrhosis. Hyperammonemia in exercise occurs as a result of an increased production by contracting muscle, through adenosine monophosphate (AMP) deamination (the purine nucleotide cycle) and branched chain amino acid (BCAA) deamination prior to oxidation. Plasma concentrations of ammonia during exercise often achieve or exceed those measured in liver disease patients, resulting in increased cerebral uptake. In this article we propose that exercise-induced hyperammonemia may lead to concomitant disturbances in brain function, potentially through similar mechanisms underpinning pathology, which may impact on performance as fatigue or reduced function, especially during extreme exercise.     

Comparison of high-dose and low-dose corticosteroid therapy for refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children

Background

Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) is generally a self-limiting disease, but it may become refractory. It is thought that refractory MPP is linked to the excessive immunologic responses of the host. Consequently, the use of adjunctive systemic corticosteroids may have beneficial effects. In this study, we compared the effects of high- and low-dose corticosteroid therapy in a pediatric population with refractory MPP.

闭链离心等张训练对髌股疼痛综合征患者膝关节功能的影响

目的:探讨闭链离心等张训练对髌股疼痛综合征(PFPS)患者膝关节功能的疗效。方法:选取33例符合纳入排除标准的髌股疼痛综合征患者,采用随机数字表法分成试验组(n=17)和对照组(n=16);试验组采用常规康复训练+闭链离心等张训练,对照组仅进行常规康复训练。两组患者在治疗前、治疗8周采用视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评定患者疼痛程度、等速肌力测定膝伸屈肌群肌力、膝关节Kujala评分评价膝关节功能以及SF-36评估生存质量。结果:两组治疗8周后VAS评分低于治疗前(P0.05)、Kujala评分、60°/s速度下膝伸屈肌群峰力矩、SF-36中生理职能、躯体疼痛、一般健康状况改善,与治疗前比较差异有显著性意义(P0.05)。8周治疗后,试验组VAS评分低于对照组(P0.05)、Kujala评分、60°/s速度下膝伸屈肌群峰力矩及SF-36中生理职能、健康变化均高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:常规康复训练的基础上结合闭链离心等张训练能进一步缓解髌股疼痛综合征患者膝关节疼痛、增强肌力、提高生活满意度,建议可以作为PFPS康复训练的一部分,值得临床应用及推广。     

Frequency of Treponema pallidum invasion into cerebrospinal fluid in primary or secondary early-stage syphilis

Frequency of Treponema pallidum invasion into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has not been clear at this present. Since it is impossible to culture T. pallidum in vitro at this present, we need molecular based-approach to detect it in CSF. Additionally, neurosyphilis is usually a late sequela, however it might result in asymptomatic neurosyphilis even at primary or secondary syphilis. This study was to reveal the frequency of T. pallidum invasion into CSF especially at primary or secondary syphilis with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test.All patients were visited the Aichi Medical University Hospital or Izumi ladies' clinic between 2016 and 2017. Clinical CSF samples were collected from patients with early and late stages of syphilis. The PCR was done using primers targeting the tpN47gene.CSF samples were collected from 9 patients (4 patients with primary syphilis, 3 with secondary syphilis, and 1 early latent syphilis and 1 with late latent syphilis). PCR showed positive reaction in 2 of 7 (28.6%) primary and secondary syphilis patients, in 1 of 1 (100%) early latent syphilis patients, and in 1 of 1 (100%) late latent syphilis patients.Despite its lack of sensitivity for use alone as a diagnostic test, this PCR test should be preferred for the diagnosis of neurosyphilis. Because, T. pallidum was detected in the 28.6% CSF of patients at primary and secondary syphilis, which indicated that they invade the central nervous system from the early stages of infection. However, studies in a larger population are required to confirm these preliminary results.     

白细胞介素1α mRNA在神经胶质瘤中的表达及意义

目的定量检测白细胞介素1α（IL-1α）mRNA在神经胶质瘤组织和正常脑组织中的表达,并探讨其与临床特征的关系。方法运用实时荧光定量PCR检测31例神经胶质瘤组织和22例正常脑组织中IL-1α mRNA的表达,分析其与临床特征的相关性。结果IL-1α mRNA在神经胶质瘤组织中的相对表达量为0．10,在正常组脑组织中为0．01,两者差异具有统计学意义（U=207．0,P=0．016）。IL-1α mRNA在WHO Ⅲ-Ⅳ级神经胶质瘤中的相对表达量为0．72,在Ⅰ-Ⅱ级中为0．02,两者差异具有统计学意义（U=36．0,P=0．001）;而IL-1α RNA相对表达量在性别和年龄之间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论IL-1α mRNA在神经胶质瘤组织中呈显著高表达,其可能在神经胶质瘤的恶变过程中发挥重要作用。     

The effects of parkin suppression on the behaviour, amyloid processing, and cell survival in APP mutant transgenic mice

Parkin suppression induces accumulation of β-amyloid in mutant tau mice. We studied the effect of parkin suppression on behaviour and brain pathology in APP_swe mutant mice. We produced double mutant mice with human mutated APP_swe + partial (hemizygote) or total (homozygote) deletion of Park-2 gene. We studied the development, behaviour, brain histology, and biochemistry of 12- and 16-month-old animals in 6 groups of mice, with identical genetic background: wild-type (WT), APP_swe overexpressing (APP), hemizygote and homozygote deletion of Park-2 (PK^+/− and PK^−/−, respectively), and double mutants (APP/PK^+/− and APP/PK^−/−).APP mice have reduced weight gain, decreased motor activity, and reduced number of entrances and of arm alternation in the Y-maze, abnormalities which were partially or completely normalized in APP/PK^+/− and APP/PK^−/− mice. The double mutants had similar number of mutant human APP transgene copies than the APP and levels of 40 and 80 kDa proteins; but both of them, APP/PK^+/− and APP/PK^−/− mice, had less plaques in cortex and hippocampus than the APP mice. APP mutant mice had increased apoptosis, proapoptotic Bax/Bcl2 ratios, and gliosis, but these death-promoting factors were normalized in APP/PK^+/− and APP/PK^−/− mice. APP mutant mice had an increased number of tau immunoreactive neuritic plaques in the cerebral cortex as well as increased levels of total and phosphorylated tau protein, and these changes were partially normalized in APP/PK^+/− heterozygotic and homozygotic APP/PK^−/− mice. Compensatory protein-degrading systems such as HSP70, CHIP, and macroautophagy were increased in APP/PK^+/− and APP/PK^−/−. Furthermore, the chymotrypsin- and trypsin-like proteasome activities, decreased in APP mice in comparison with WT, were normalized in the APP/PK^−/− mice.We proposed that partial and total suppression of parkin triggers compensatory mechanisms, such as chaperone overexpression and increased autophagy, which improved the behavioural and cellular phenotype of APP_swe mice.