兔急性胰腺炎并发十二指肠粘膜损伤与一氧化氮合酶改变的关系

目的:探讨急性胰腺炎并发十二指肠粘膜损伤与一氧化氮合酶(nitric oxide synthase,NOS)改变的关系。方法:用胰管结扎及加压注射法建立大白兔急性胰腺炎模型,采用黄递酶组织化学染色法观察与比较两组动物胰腺及十二指肠组中NOS的变化。结果:经Winslow法测定血清淀粉酶分析及组织学检查,急性胰腺炎模型建立;经NADPH-d染色表明:实验组NOS染色强度明显高于对照组。结论:一氧化氮(nitric cxide,NO)在急性胰腺炎并发十二指肠粘膜损伤的病变过程中起重要的介导作用。     

Biosynthetic reactions and ultrastructure of urothelial cells in chronic cystitis and cystopathies

A new form of morphogenesis of pathological process, cystopathy, was distinguished on the basis endoscopy data and morphofunctional analysis of the urinary bladder in chronic cystitis. Cystopathy is characterized by predominance of diffuse degeneration and atrophy of the urothelium, stromal sclerosis, absence of inflammatory cell infiltration, and inhibition of biosynthetic reactions in urothelial cells (compared to chronic cystitis). Cystopathy results from regeneratory and plastic failure. Instability of the bladder epithelium can be a morphological marker of oncological risk.     

胃粘膜相关淋巴组织型淋巴瘤形态学研究

目的：研究胃粘膜相关淋巴细胞（ＭＡＬＴ）型淋巴瘤及共与胃粘膜套细胞淋巴瘤和滤泡性淋巴瘤的鉴别诊断。方法：应用ＨＥ染色和免疫组化ＡＢＣ法检测胃ＭＡＬＴ型淋巴瘤，内镜作幽门螺杆菌培养基尿素试验检测ＨＰ感染。结果：３１例胃ＭＡＬＴ型淋巴瘤中低度恶性２７例，高度恶性４例。细胞类型以ＣＣＬ型最常见。免疫表型以ＩｇＭ为主，缺乏ＩｇＤ，３１例中２８例有ＨＰ感染（占９０．５２％），结论：（１）低恶ＭＡＬＴ型淋巴瘤     

The comparative evaluation of uterine and cervical mucosa cytology with endometrial histopathology in cows

Reproductive tract abnormalities especially in the uterus and ovaries of cows often results in infertility. The object of this study was to determine the relationship between the cytology of uterine and cervical mucosa and endometrial histopathology in normal and endometritic cows. In this study, the genital tracts of 131 slaughtered cows were collected. According to macroscopic appearances and histopathological evaluation, reproductive tracts were divided into normal and abnormal. Cytological samples were obtained from the discharges of cervical mucosa and uterine fluid that were collected by wet cotton swab and gentle aspiration. Differential cellular counts were carried on Giemsa stained smears of the mucosa. Comparison of cell densities of normal cows with endometritic cows showed significant differences (P<0.05) in the macrophage presence both by swab (0.00±0.00) and aspiration (0.16±0.55) methods. Comparison of cell densities in different grades of endometritis showed a significant difference (P<0.05) in the neutrophil percentage in cervical mucosa between the swabbing and aspiration methods. In this study, there were no significant differences in cell densities between the two collection methods in cows affected with either acute or chronic endometritis. However, there was significant difference in the neutrophil density in aspirated cervical mucosa compared to the swab collection in cows affected with subacute endometritis. Cytological methods can be useful for the diagnosis of clinical and subclinical endometritis of cows.     

Adenylate cyclase in human gastric mucosa: its activation by histamine in morphologically different biopsy specimens

Summary In morphologically different biopsy specimens from fundic, antral and duodenal mucosa of 134 persons, basal and histamine stimulated adenylate cyclase activity was studied: Basal and stimulated adenylate cyclase activities were log-normally distributed. Only in the fundic but not in the antral and duodenal mucosa adenylate cyclase was sensitive to histamine. The mean basal activity in the fundic gastric mucosa was 148, in response to 10^–5 mol/l histamine 292 pmol cAMP/mg protein/20 min. In human fundic biopsy specimens histologically identified as normal gastric mucosa, the stimulatory effect of histamine on adenylate cyclase decreased with the individual's age. In bioptic material from patients suffering from histologically proven chronic gastritis the histamine effect decreased with the degree of atrophy. A similar loss of histamine sensitivity was found in gastric mucosal biopsies of antrectomized individuals operated at least 5 years before by the Billroth I or II method, whereas in the mucosa of patients with gastric or duodenal ulcer no loss occurred. In contrast, the most pronounced stimulatory action of histamine was found in this latter group. Since a histamine sensitive adenylate cyclase is localized only in the glandular area of the fundic mucosa and the histamine sensitivity depends on a morphological intact structure of the mucosa, it can be concluded, that the effects of histamine on adenylate cyclase and on hydrochloric acid secretion have to be considered as a mechanism linked together.This study was supported by a grant from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft     

Adenoma with gastric differentiation (so-called pyloric gland adenoma) in a heterotopic gastric corpus mucosa in the rectum

In a 46-year-old man, a pedunculated rectal polyp measuring 3.0×3.0×2.0 cm was diagnosed histologically as a pyloric gland-type adenoma arising in heterotopic gastric corpus mucosa. The luminal site was covered by glands of the gastric foveolar type, displaying focal marked proliferation interpreted as low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia. A bidirectional gastric differentiation was found: most lower glandular structures showed positivity for the deep gastric mucin core protein Muc 6 and superficial positivity for gastric foveolar epithelium mucin core protein Muc 5AC. Pyloric gland adenoma has so far been described in one larger series only and a few case reports of the stomach, gallbladder, pancreatic duct and within heterotopic gastric corpus mucosa of the duodenal bulb. The present case report is the first case of a pyloric gland-type adenoma within a gastric corpus heterotopia of the rectal mucosa.     

Strontium transport in the rat colon

Summary Concentration dependence of strontium (Sr) fluxes across the colon ascendens and descendens of the rat were measured in a modified Ussing-chamber. Mucosa (m) to serosa (s) and s to m Sr fluxes across both colonic segments were linearly related to the Sr concentration from 0.125 mmol/l to 10 mmol/l. In the colon ascendens m to s Sr fluxes were slightly higher than the fluxes in the opposite direction, resulting in net Sr absorption. In the colon descendens s to m fluxes were higher than the ms fluxes, resulting in net Sr secretion. Neither Sr nor calcium (Ca) showed a concentration dependent interaction with respect to their unidirectional fluxes in both parts of the colon. Only in the colon ascendens Sr at the highest concentration (10 mmol/l) inhibited m to s calcium transport.Experiments, in which the voltage dependence of the unidirectional Sr fluxes was measured confirmed the results obtained from the concentration dependence: (1) The unidirectional fluxes of Sr across the colon ascendens and descendens were totally voltage dependent, i.e. diffusive. (2) In the colon descendens the voltage dependence of the s to m flux was steeper than the flux from m to s. It is hypothesized that this prevalence is caused by an anomalous solvent drag effect. 1.25-Dihydroxyvitamin D₃ [1.25 (OH)₂D₃] stimulated m to s calcium flux in the colon descendens but had no effect on Sr flux.The results demonstrate that Sr and Ca in the rat colon are transported by different mechanisms. In contrast to the Ca transport the Sr flux is only diffusive and insensitive to 1.25 (OH)₂D₃.Supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft SFB 38 Membranforschung Send offprint requests to U. Karbach at the above address     

Effects of pentagastrin and carbachol on the gastric histamine level in α-fluoromethylhistidine-treated mice and rats

Summary The gastric mucosal histamine level in mice increased by about 80% and 100% after fasting for 24 and 48 h, respectively. In non-fasted mice, -fluoromethylhistidine (-FMH), a specific histidine decarboxylase inhibitor, significantly decreased the histamine level, the reduction amounting to 35% and 49%, 2 h and 4 h after treatment, respectively. In mice fasted for 24 h, a significant decrease of 42% was observed 4 h after treatment. However, in mice fasted for 48 h, no significant decrease was seen even 4 h after -FMH treatment. Therefore, the histamine-releasing effect of re-feeding and drugs on the gastric mucosa was examined in vivo, using animals fasted for 48 h and subsequently treated with -FMH. Food given simultaneously with -FMH to 48-h fasted mice significantly decreased the histamine level 4 h later. Pentagastrin and carbachol administered alone (0.25–2.0 mg/kg, i.p.) had no significant effect on the histamine level. However, the combined treatment with these drugs significantly decreased the histamine level. In rats fasted for 48 h and treated with -FMH, pentagastrin (0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) but not carbachol (0.125 – 0.5 mg/kg, i. p.) caused a significant decrease in the mucosal histamine level. In contrast to mice, the effect of the combined treatment with pentagastrin and carbachol was not synergistic in rats. These findings suggest that gastrin acts synergistically with acetylcholine in the histamine release from the gastric mucosa in mice, whereas such synergism may not occur in rats. Send offprint requests to K. Saeki     

喉癌及癌旁不同距离组织中ras、c-myc、p53蛋白的复合表达

目的 :研究癌基因 (ras,c myc)及抗癌基因 (p5 3)蛋白在喉癌及癌旁不同距离处的复合表达及意义。方法 :应用LSAB微波免疫组织化学法 ,检测了ras、c myc及p5 3在 30例喉癌组织、边缘区、癌旁 0 .5cm ,1.0cm ,1.5cm ,2 .0cm处粘膜组织和 4例正常喉粘膜组织中的复合表达情况。结果 :① 2种以上基因蛋白产物同时表达阳性者在喉癌组织中为 2 8例 (93.3 % ) ,其中ras +c myc +p5 3为 17例 (5 6 .7% ) ,癌旁组织中也存在着不同程度的复合表达 ,而正常喉粘膜组织中无一例复合表达 ;②复合表达阳性率依正常粘膜组织→癌旁 2 .0cm→ 1.5cm→ 1.0cm→0 .5cm→边缘区→癌组织递增 ,且癌旁 1.0cm处与 0 .5cm范围内的表达存在显著差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;③ 3种癌基因产物的复合表达与喉癌的部位 ,分化程度 ,临床分期无关 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :喉癌及癌旁组织中存在着 3种癌基因的复合表达 ,其在喉癌的发生中有协同作用 ;距癌 0 .5cm以内的癌旁组织应视为危险性病变。