Adenylate cyclase in human gastric mucosa: its activation by histamine in morphologically different biopsy specimens

Summary In morphologically different biopsy specimens from fundic, antral and duodenal mucosa of 134 persons, basal and histamine stimulated adenylate cyclase activity was studied: Basal and stimulated adenylate cyclase activities were log-normally distributed. Only in the fundic but not in the antral and duodenal mucosa adenylate cyclase was sensitive to histamine. The mean basal activity in the fundic gastric mucosa was 148, in response to 10^–5 mol/l histamine 292 pmol cAMP/mg protein/20 min. In human fundic biopsy specimens histologically identified as normal gastric mucosa, the stimulatory effect of histamine on adenylate cyclase decreased with the individual's age. In bioptic material from patients suffering from histologically proven chronic gastritis the histamine effect decreased with the degree of atrophy. A similar loss of histamine sensitivity was found in gastric mucosal biopsies of antrectomized individuals operated at least 5 years before by the Billroth I or II method, whereas in the mucosa of patients with gastric or duodenal ulcer no loss occurred. In contrast, the most pronounced stimulatory action of histamine was found in this latter group. Since a histamine sensitive adenylate cyclase is localized only in the glandular area of the fundic mucosa and the histamine sensitivity depends on a morphological intact structure of the mucosa, it can be concluded, that the effects of histamine on adenylate cyclase and on hydrochloric acid secretion have to be considered as a mechanism linked together.This study was supported by a grant from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft     

Adenoma with gastric differentiation (so-called pyloric gland adenoma) in a heterotopic gastric corpus mucosa in the rectum

In a 46-year-old man, a pedunculated rectal polyp measuring 3.0×3.0×2.0 cm was diagnosed histologically as a pyloric gland-type adenoma arising in heterotopic gastric corpus mucosa. The luminal site was covered by glands of the gastric foveolar type, displaying focal marked proliferation interpreted as low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia. A bidirectional gastric differentiation was found: most lower glandular structures showed positivity for the deep gastric mucin core protein Muc 6 and superficial positivity for gastric foveolar epithelium mucin core protein Muc 5AC. Pyloric gland adenoma has so far been described in one larger series only and a few case reports of the stomach, gallbladder, pancreatic duct and within heterotopic gastric corpus mucosa of the duodenal bulb. The present case report is the first case of a pyloric gland-type adenoma within a gastric corpus heterotopia of the rectal mucosa.     

Strontium transport in the rat colon

Summary Concentration dependence of strontium (Sr) fluxes across the colon ascendens and descendens of the rat were measured in a modified Ussing-chamber. Mucosa (m) to serosa (s) and s to m Sr fluxes across both colonic segments were linearly related to the Sr concentration from 0.125 mmol/l to 10 mmol/l. In the colon ascendens m to s Sr fluxes were slightly higher than the fluxes in the opposite direction, resulting in net Sr absorption. In the colon descendens s to m fluxes were higher than the ms fluxes, resulting in net Sr secretion. Neither Sr nor calcium (Ca) showed a concentration dependent interaction with respect to their unidirectional fluxes in both parts of the colon. Only in the colon ascendens Sr at the highest concentration (10 mmol/l) inhibited m to s calcium transport.Experiments, in which the voltage dependence of the unidirectional Sr fluxes was measured confirmed the results obtained from the concentration dependence: (1) The unidirectional fluxes of Sr across the colon ascendens and descendens were totally voltage dependent, i.e. diffusive. (2) In the colon descendens the voltage dependence of the s to m flux was steeper than the flux from m to s. It is hypothesized that this prevalence is caused by an anomalous solvent drag effect. 1.25-Dihydroxyvitamin D₃ [1.25 (OH)₂D₃] stimulated m to s calcium flux in the colon descendens but had no effect on Sr flux.The results demonstrate that Sr and Ca in the rat colon are transported by different mechanisms. In contrast to the Ca transport the Sr flux is only diffusive and insensitive to 1.25 (OH)₂D₃.Supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft SFB 38 Membranforschung Send offprint requests to U. Karbach at the above address     

大肠癌“移行粘膜”病理变化研究——粘液组化、免疫组化及电镜观察

对200例大肠癌旁“移行粘膜”进行了粘液组化HID／AB及PAT／KOH／PAS检测,单克隆抗体MC3和CEA免疫组化标记,凝集素PNA、UEA－1及DBA受体测定,扫描电镜观察。其结果与10例正常直肠粘膜、130例癌组织、155例各型腺瘤型息肉及3－5个月胎儿大肠粘膜进行对照。结果表明大肠粘膜从良性到恶性的各阶段粘液组化及免疫组化的改变有显著差异（P＜0．05或P＜0．01）,癌旁“移行粘膜”也存在类似癌及胎儿大肠的不成熟性病理变化,异常范围88．0％的病例在2－3cm以内。     

The Effects of Permeation Enhancers on the Surface Morphology of the Rat Nasal Mucosa: A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study

A rat model has been developed to compare relative morphological changes in the nasal mucosa after exposure to potential membrane permeation enhancers. Scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize gross structural and specific cellular changes following exposure. Micrographs of the rat nasal mucosa were scored in four categories: (1) mucosal surface integrity, (2) ciliary morphology, (3) mucus/extracellular debris, and (4) presence of red blood cells. The order of increasing morphological damage resulting from a 5-min exposure to each surfactant was 0.5% Solulan C-24 0.5% Solulan C-24/0.5% sodium tauro-24,25-dihydrofusidate (STDHF) < 0.5% STDHF < 1.0% STDHF 1.0% Laureth-9 < 1.0% sodium taurodeoxycholate 1.0% sodium deoxycholate. The changes observed in the mucosal morphology after exposure to the various surfactants are in general agreement with data in the literature. This model is able to compare rapidly the relative morphological effects on the mucosal membrane of different nasal formulations.     

电针对大鼠胃粘膜胃泌素和EGFR表达及AgNOR的影响

目的 观察电针足三里穴对胃粘膜细胞受体表达及核增殖的影响。探讨针灸作用机制。方法 75只SD大鼠随机分段分为5线,在清醒状态下针刺实验,SABC法免疫组化染色观察胃粘膜细胞胃泌素（Gas)、表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）表达程度,AgNOR特染观察胃腺细胞增殖情况。结果 电针足三里穴胃粘膜EGFR阳性表达率73.3%,Gas表达率66.7%;电针三阴交对EGFR表达远景as表达率为46.7%;联合穴位组Gas,EGFR表达均达60.0%,AgNOR特染各组核内嗜银颗粒无明显差异。结论 电针足三里可提高胃粘膜细胞Gas和EGFR表达率。改变细胞分子结构。影响细胞功能,电针对胃粘膜细胞核增殖无影响。     

血管运动性鼻炎激光治疗鼻腔粘膜致敏区的筛选

目的 :随访和对比激光治疗血管运动性鼻炎鼻腔粘膜不同区域的致敏性 ,以明确最佳治疗点。方法 :随机选择确诊的血管运动性鼻炎 1 0 3例 ,分为下鼻甲、中鼻甲、中鼻甲前 1 /3段 3组进行激光治疗。结果 :下鼻甲组总有效率为 66.7% ,中鼻甲组为 97.1 % ,中鼻甲前 1 /3段为 94.4% ,两中鼻甲组与下鼻甲组总有效率差异有显著性 (P<0 .0 0 5) ,中鼻甲组与中鼻甲前 1 /3段组总有效率差异无显著性 (P>0 .0 5)。结论 :中鼻甲前 1 /3段是血管运动性鼻炎患者鼻粘膜最敏感的区域 ,是最佳激光治疗点。     

门静脉高压症合并幽门螺杆菌感染患者胃粘膜的病理改变

目的：本文研究门静脉高压症合并幽门螺杆菌感染患者胃粘膜病理变化的特点,旨在探讨ＨＰ感染在ＰＨＧ发病机制中的意义。方法：对６０例门静脉高压症患者由内窥镜取胃粘膜活检证实有无ＨＰ感染;同时对门静脉高压性胃粘膜病变（ＰＨＧ）者,无论是否伴有幽门杆菌感染分别进行光镜、电镜观察。结果：（１）６０例门脉高压症（ＰＨ）患者有４８例为ＨＰ阳性（８０％）,其中ＰＨＧ患者ＨＰ阳性率为８７％,ＮＰＨＧ患者阳性率仅为６０％;（２）ＨＰ阳性和ＨＰ阴性的门脉高压症患者均合并有胃粘膜病变,且前者以重型为主,后者以轻型为主。结论：（１）ＨＰ感染是形成门脉高压性胃粘膜病变的促进因素;（２）门脉高压时胃粘膜变化包括细胞机制和免疫反应两方面。     

Effect of superantigen on ion electrophysiology and permeability in rabbit maxillary sinus epithelia

Objective Superantigens are potent inflammatory stimuli which derive from pathogenic microbes such as bacteria, viruses and protozoa. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of superantigens on the function of rabbit maxillary sinus epithelium. Methods Twenty New Zealand white rabbits were divided into 4 groups. Rabbit sinus mucosa was separated under a surgical microscope and mounted in Ussing chambers to record short circuit current, conductance and permeability to horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Group A was used as normal control. Group B was stimulated with an injection of superantigen into the sinus for 4 hours. The sinus mucosa of Group C was stimulated by the addition of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) into Ussing chambers. Group D sinus mucosa was stimulated by superantigen after pretreatment with anti-TNF-α antibody. Results Superantigen evoked increases in sinus epithelial cell baseline short circuit current, conductance and permeability to HRP stimulated by the addition of TNF-α into Ussing chambers. These were similar to results from superantigen stimulation in vivo. The effect of superantigen on sinus epithelial cells could be blocked by pretreatment with anti-TNF-α antibody. Conclusions Superantigen affected the function of sinus epithelial cells, including the capability of epithelial defensive barrier, which might be mediated by TNF-α.     

胃液、胃粘膜组织总胆汁酸测定对胆汁返流性胃炎的诊断价值

目的 :探讨空腹胃液、胃粘膜组织总胆汁酸 (TAB)的含量对胆汁返流性胃炎的诊断价值。方法 :对 47例胆汁返流性胃炎 (RG)组 ,15例消化性溃疡 (PU)组 ,2 0例慢性浅表性胃炎 (CSG)组及 12例正常对照组在胃镜检查的同时 ,抽取胃液 ,钳取胃粘膜组织作 TBA含量测定。胃粘膜组织同时作 HP及病理组织学检查。结果 :胆汁返流性胃炎组胃液及胃粘膜组织 TBA含量分别为 (315 .85 5 0± 35 .946 8)μm ol/ L ;(0 .2 10 7± 0 .0 810 )μmol/ g。明显高于 PU、 CSG及正常对照组 (P <0 .0 0 1)。胃粘膜组织 TBA含量与胃液 TBA含量呈明显正相关 ,rs=0 .82 8,P <0 .0 0 1。胃粘膜的炎症程度也随 TBA含量的增加而加重。χ2 =15 .6 37,P <0 .0 0 5。随着 TBA含量的增加 ,HP的检出率下降 ,χ2 =9.42 ,P <0 .0 1。结论 :胃液、胃粘膜组织 TBA含量对胆汁返流性胃炎有诊断价值。而胃粘膜组织 TBA含量更有价值。