高效液相色谱柱后衍生法测定豚鼠鼻粘膜中组胺

通过比较各种分析柱的分离效果 ,建立用离子交换柱分离 ,邻苯二甲醛 (OPA)柱后衍生荧光检测并分析豚鼠鼻粘膜组织中组胺的液相色谱方法 ,并对流动相的离子强度和pH进行了优化 ,确定以 40mmol·L- 1 pH 5 .5 0的柠檬酸钠缓冲液作为流动相为最佳条件。该方法的最低检测限为 5 0nmol·L- 1 ,回收率 >92 % ,线性范围为 5 0nmol·L- 1～ 5 0 0 μmol·L- 1 ,组胺的保留时间为 13min 12s,组胺峰面积的相对标准差 <3%。     

门静脉高压症合并幽门螺杆菌感染患者胃粘膜的病理改变

目的：本文研究门静脉高压症合并幽门螺杆菌感染患者胃粘膜病理变化的特点,旨在探讨ＨＰ感染在ＰＨＧ发病机制中的意义。方法：对６０例门静脉高压症患者由内窥镜取胃粘膜活检证实有无ＨＰ感染;同时对门静脉高压性胃粘膜病变（ＰＨＧ）者,无论是否伴有幽门杆菌感染分别进行光镜、电镜观察。结果：（１）６０例门脉高压症（ＰＨ）患者有４８例为ＨＰ阳性（８０％）,其中ＰＨＧ患者ＨＰ阳性率为８７％,ＮＰＨＧ患者阳性率仅为６０％;（２）ＨＰ阳性和ＨＰ阴性的门脉高压症患者均合并有胃粘膜病变,且前者以重型为主,后者以轻型为主。结论：（１）ＨＰ感染是形成门脉高压性胃粘膜病变的促进因素;（２）门脉高压时胃粘膜变化包括细胞机制和免疫反应两方面。     

Effect of superantigen on ion electrophysiology and permeability in rabbit maxillary sinus epithelia

Objective Superantigens are potent inflammatory stimuli which derive from pathogenic microbes such as bacteria, viruses and protozoa. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of superantigens on the function of rabbit maxillary sinus epithelium. Methods Twenty New Zealand white rabbits were divided into 4 groups. Rabbit sinus mucosa was separated under a surgical microscope and mounted in Ussing chambers to record short circuit current, conductance and permeability to horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Group A was used as normal control. Group B was stimulated with an injection of superantigen into the sinus for 4 hours. The sinus mucosa of Group C was stimulated by the addition of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) into Ussing chambers. Group D sinus mucosa was stimulated by superantigen after pretreatment with anti-TNF-α antibody. Results Superantigen evoked increases in sinus epithelial cell baseline short circuit current, conductance and permeability to HRP stimulated by the addition of TNF-α into Ussing chambers. These were similar to results from superantigen stimulation in vivo. The effect of superantigen on sinus epithelial cells could be blocked by pretreatment with anti-TNF-α antibody. Conclusions Superantigen affected the function of sinus epithelial cells, including the capability of epithelial defensive barrier, which might be mediated by TNF-α.     

胃液、胃粘膜组织总胆汁酸测定对胆汁返流性胃炎的诊断价值

目的 :探讨空腹胃液、胃粘膜组织总胆汁酸 (TAB)的含量对胆汁返流性胃炎的诊断价值。方法 :对 47例胆汁返流性胃炎 (RG)组 ,15例消化性溃疡 (PU)组 ,2 0例慢性浅表性胃炎 (CSG)组及 12例正常对照组在胃镜检查的同时 ,抽取胃液 ,钳取胃粘膜组织作 TBA含量测定。胃粘膜组织同时作 HP及病理组织学检查。结果 :胆汁返流性胃炎组胃液及胃粘膜组织 TBA含量分别为 (315 .85 5 0± 35 .946 8)μm ol/ L ;(0 .2 10 7± 0 .0 810 )μmol/ g。明显高于 PU、 CSG及正常对照组 (P <0 .0 0 1)。胃粘膜组织 TBA含量与胃液 TBA含量呈明显正相关 ,rs=0 .82 8,P <0 .0 0 1。胃粘膜的炎症程度也随 TBA含量的增加而加重。χ2 =15 .6 37,P <0 .0 0 5。随着 TBA含量的增加 ,HP的检出率下降 ,χ2 =9.42 ,P <0 .0 1。结论 :胃液、胃粘膜组织 TBA含量对胆汁返流性胃炎有诊断价值。而胃粘膜组织 TBA含量更有价值。     

乙型肝炎胃粘膜病变与胃幽门螺杆菌感染的相关性研究

探讨乙型肝炎患儿胃内幽门螺杆菌（ＨＰ）感染的相关性。方法：受筛选后儿童３５２人,胃镜观察胃十二指肠粘膜病变的程度,并利用粘膜活检快速尿素酶试验测定ＨＰ的感染率。结果：乙型肝炎患儿１１２例ＨＰ感染率为７５．０％,而对照组２４０例ＨＰ感染率为４５．９％,两者之间差异有性。     

危重患者心脏手术后氧代谢监测的价值

目的 探讨心脏直视术后危重患氧供需平衡的重要性和临床价值。指导救治,三疗效及预后,预防多器功能衰竭（ＭＯＦ）的发生,使ＩＣＵ监测水平跨跃到细胞水平。方法 对１４８例,心脏直视术后危重入ＩＣＵ后,分阶段动态监测动脉,混合静脉血气,心输出量,胃粘膜ＰＨ值,对代谢这各项监测值之间相关关系进行分析。结果 动静脉血气及其差值的变化与循环,呼吸功能变化呈正在关系;ＡＰＡＣＨＥⅡ评分高,ＳｖＯ２低的极重患     

安乃近溶液鼻粘膜吸收的研究

 目的：研究安乃近溶液弄粘膜吸收规律。方法:以大鼠在体鼻循环法为实验模型,考察循环液的体积、流速等对安乃近弃枯膜吸收的影响。并在体积、流速确定的条件下,考查循环液浓度不同时,安乃近鼻粘膜吸收规律。结果:循环液体积越大,单位时间内粘膜吸收百分率越小;当流速较小时,随着流速的增加,吸收速度常数K增大,流速超过2 . 0 ml · min^-1后,K显著减小;以循环液体积为3 ml,流速2.0 ml"min^-1,考察了50,100,150,200 g·L^-1安乃近溶液弄粘膜吸收规律,表明不同浓度的安乃近鼻粘膜吸收速度为一常数。结论:安乃近溶液鼻粘膜吸收机制为被动扩散,吸收符合一级动力学,吸收速度常数K为0.022 19 min^-1 。     

Somatostatin receptors mediating inhibition of basal and stimulated electrogenic ion transport in rat isolated distal colonic mucosa

The aim of this study was to examine the potencies of several recently identified selective somatostatin (SRIF)-receptor ligands as inhibitors of electrogenic ion transport in the rat distal colonic mucosa with the view to identifying the SRIF receptor type involved. Under basal conditions, cumulative administration of SRIF and SRIF2g decreased short circuit current (SCC), a measure of electrogenic ion transport, with EC₅₀ values of 4 nM and 9 nM respectively. The peptidase inhibitors, phosphoramidon (1 M) and amastatin (10 M), had no effect on the potencies of either SRIF or SRIF₂₈. The inhibitory action of SRIF on basal SCC was suppressed by piretanide and diphenylamine-2-carboxylate, compatible with the assumption that the Na⁺K⁺2Cl^– co-transporter and Cl^– channels, respectively, may be involved in this antisecretory action of SRIF. Tetrodotoxin (1 M) had no effect on the antisecretory action of SRIF, suggesting that the process was not neuronally mediated.All of the SRIF analogues examined, with the exception of BIM-23056, maximally inhibited basal SCC to a similar extent as SRIF. Seglitide and octreotide were both more potent antisecretory agents than SRIF (respective EC₅₀ values, 0.4 nM and 1.5 nM) suggesting that this effect was mediated by a receptor belonging to the SRIF₁ receptor group. The most distinguishing feature of the rank order of agonist potencies was the high potency of the selective sst₂ receptor ligand, BIM-23027 (EC₅₀, value 0.32 nM), the weaker potency exhibited by the selective sst₅ receptor ligand, L-362855 (EC₅₀ value 21 nM), and the lack of agonist activity displayed by the selective sst₃ receptor ligand, BIM-23056 (EC₅₀ value > 1000 nM). This profile is comparable with that observed in binding studies on the recombinant sst₂ receptor.Forskolin-stimulated secretion was suppressed by SRIF analogues with the rank order of agonist potencies BIM-23027 > SRIF > L-362855 > BIM-23056 which resembled that exibited under basal conditions. However, the absolute potencies of these agonists were lower (respective EC₅₀ values 2 nM, 14 nM, 38 nM and > 1000 nM) whilst the magnitude of inhibition was about three fold greater. BIM-23027 and SRIF (both 30 nM) also inhibited carbachol-stimulated increases in basal SCC by 60–70%, while a similar concentration of L-362855 inhibited these responses by 11 %. BIM-23056 (1 M) had no effect on carbachol-simulated secretion. Radioligand binding studies on rat colonic mucosal membranes using [¹²⁵I]-Tyr¹¹-SRIF suggested heterogeneity of SRIF binding sites. Thus, SRIF and SRIF₂₈ competed for binding (IC₅₀ values, 0.32 and 0.63 nM, respectively) with Hill slopes less than unity; while seglitide and BIM-23027 both maximally displaced only 30–40% of specific binding with apparent high affinity (respective pIC₅₀ values, 10.1 nM and 10.0).In conclusion, SRIF decreases basal as well as both cAMP and Ca²⁺-dependent Cl^– secretion in rat colonic mucosa. The rank order of agonist potencies suggests that receptors resembling the recombinant sst₂ receptor mediate inhibition of basal and forskolin-stimulated secretion. Radioligand binding studies suggest that BIM-23027 interacts with a sub-population of [¹²⁵I]Tyr¹¹-SRIF binding sites in rat colonic mucosal membranes which probably correspond to the receptors mediating the antisecretory effects described here.     

The exposure of healthy volunteers to 200 ppm 1,1,1-trichloroethane increases the concentration of proinflammatory cytokines in nasal secretions

Objectives: Irritating effects of organic solvents have usually been measured by means of questionnaires. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the sensitivity of different methods of detecting subclinical irritating effects. Methods: Twelve healthy, non-smoking students were exposed to 200 ppm and to 20 ppm 1,1,1-trichloroethane in an exposure chamber, using a crossover design. The amounts of interleukins (IL)-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 and prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) in nasal secretions were measured. Mucociliary transport time was determined with the saccharine test. Ciliary beat frequency of nasal epithelial cells was measured with video-interference contrast microscopy. Subjective symptoms were assessed by questionnaire. Results: Concentrations of ILs were significantly elevated after exposure to 200 ppm 1,1,1-trichloroethane (IL-1β 82.4 vs. 28.8 pg/ml (medians), P=0.003; IL-6 12.2 vs. 7.2 pg/ml, P=0.01; IL-8 549 vs. 424 pg/ml, P=0.007), whereas the other parameters remained unchanged. Conclusion: The interleukins measured proved to be sensitive indicators of irritating effects of 1,1,1-trichloroethane. The German threshold limit (MAK value) of 200 ppm 1,1,1-trichloroethane does not prevent the subclinical inflammation of nasal mucosa. Received: 3 March 1999 / Accepted: 14 June 1999     

中毒剂量锌对大鼠小肠粘膜超微结构的影响

目的：阐明中毒剂量锌对肠粘膜免疫屏障结构的影响及其机理。方法：通过建立常锌（ＺＮ）、中毒剂量锌（ＺＰ）大鼠模型,应用病理形态学手段（电镜）对大鼠肠道粘膜的超微结构进行研究。结果：第４周末和第７周末血浆、红细胞膜和肠组织的锌含量ＺＰ组明显高于ＺＮ组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。第四周末和第七周末ＺＰ组光镜下肠粘膜未见异常改变;但是电镜下见肠道粘膜超微结构的严重损害。结论：中毒剂量锌可以引起肠道粘膜超微结构的严重损害;屏障功能削弱,大鼠小肠粘膜的免疫防御能力降低。