Metachronous occurrence of main-duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) and adenocarcinoma in a chronic pancreatitis patient: A case report

Rationale:Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a risk factor for developing pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). In addition, a patient with partial pancreatectomy for intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) can also lead to PDAC. In contrast, IPMN is a distinct disease entity, independent of CP, and there have been few reports that CP is the cause of IPMN. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first clinical case report of the metachronous occurrence of main-duct IPMN and PDAC with a 9 and half-year interval in a patient with chronic alcoholic pancreatitis.Patient concerns:A 50-year-old man with a long medical history of recurrent alcoholic pancreatitis and hepatitis over a decade was diagnosed with another episode of acute pancreatitis based on laboratory findings and clinical symptoms. The patient underwent pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (PPPD) for a small nodular lesion in the main duct of the pancreatic head and was diagnosed with main-duct IPMN low-grade dysplasia and associated fibrosing CP. Nine and a half years later, a 59-year-old man lost 7 kg over 3 months and was diagnosed with new-onset diabetes mellitus.Diagnosis:The patient was diagnosed with metachronous, well-differentiated PDAC with concomitant CP.Interventions:The patient underwent radical antegrade modular pancreatosplenectomy (RAMPS) for a small nodular mass in the remnant pancreas.Outcomes:The patient was healthy for 44 months without evidence of tumor recurrence during clinical follow-up examinations including laboratory findings, tumor marker, and imaging studies.Lessons:Early diagnosis of metachronous pancreatic neoplasia in a patient with chronic pancreatitis could be made by correlating newly developed clinical symptoms and signs with careful radiological examinations.     

Validation of serum tumor biomarkers in predicting advanced cystic mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas

BACKGROUND Early detection of advanced cystic mucinous neoplasms[(A-cMNs),defined as high-grade dysplasia or malignancy]of the pancreas is of great significance.As a simple and feasible detection method,serum tumor markers(STMs)may be used to predict advanced intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms(IPMNs)and mucinous cystic neoplasms(MCNs).However,there are few studies on the usefulness of STMs other than carbohydrate antigen(CA)19-9 for early detection of A-cMNs.AIM To study the ability of five STMs-CA19-9,carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),CA125,CA724,and CA242 to predict A-cMNs and distinguish IPMNs and MCNs.METHODS We mainly measured the levels of each STM in patients pathologically diagnosed with cMNs.The mean levels of STMs and the number of A-cMN subjects with a higher STM level than the cutoff were compared respectively to identify the ability of STMs to predict A-cMNs and distinguish MCNs from IPMNs.A receiver operating characteristic curve with the area under curve(AUC)was also created to identify the performance of the five STMs.RESULTS A total of 187 patients with cMNs were identified and 72 of them showed AcMNs.We found that CA19-9 exhibited the highest sensitivity(SE)(54.2%)and accuracy(76.5%)and a moderate ability(AUC=0.766)to predict A-cMNs.In predicting high-grade dysplasia IPMNs,the SE of CA19-9 decreased to 38.5%.The ability of CEA,CA125,and CA724 to predict A-cMNs was low(AUC=0.651,0.583,and 0.618,respectively).The predictive ability of CA242 was not identified.The combination of STMs improved the SE to 62.5%.CA125 may be specific to the diagnosis of advanced MCNs.CONCLUSION CA19-9 has a moderate ability,and CEA,CA125,and CA724 have a low ability to predict A-cMNs.The combination of STM testing could improve SE in predicting A-cMNs.     

Recent advances in the diagnostic evaluation of pancreatic cystic lesions

Pancreatic cystic lesions (PCLs) are becoming more prevalent due to more frequent abdominal imaging and the increasing age of the general population. It has become crucial to identify these PCLs and subsequently risk stratify them to guide management. Given the high morbidity associated with pancreatic surgery, only those PCLs at high risk for malignancy should undergo such treatment. However, current diagnostic testing is suboptimal at accurately diagnosing and risk stratifying PCLs. Therefore, research has focused on developing new techniques for differentiating mucinous from non-mucinous PCLs and identifying high risk lesions for malignancy. Cross sectional imaging radiomics can potentially improve the predictive accuracy of primary risk stratification of PCLs at the time of detection to guide invasive testing. While cyst fluid glucose has reemerged as a potential biomarker, cyst fluid molecular markers have improved accuracy for identifying specific types of PCLs. Endoscopic ultrasound guided approaches such as confocal laser endomicroscopy and through the needle microforceps biopsy have shown a good correlation with histopathological findings and are evolving techniques for identifying and risk stratifying PCLs. While most of these recent diagnostics are only practiced at selective tertiary care centers, they hold a promise that management of PCLs will only get better in the future.     

Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm in chronic calcifying pancreatitis： Egg or hen？

Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) is an increasingly reported entity. Extensive pancreatic calcification is generally thought to be a sign of chronic pancreatitis, but it may occur simultaneously with IPMN leading to diagnostic difficulties. We report a case of a patient initially diagnosed with chronic calcifying pancreatitis who was later shown to have a malignant IPMN. This case illustrates potential pitfalls in the diagnosis of IPMN in the case of extensive pancreatic calcification as well as clues that may lead the clinician to suspecting the diagnosis. The possible mechanisms of the relation between pancreatic calcification and IPMN are also reviewed.     

24例乳腺黏液癌临床病理分析

目的：探讨乳腺黏液癌的临床病理特点,临床进展及预后。方法：对24例乳腺黏液癌进行病理学形态观察,并采用Max Vision法进行免疫组织化学雌激素受体(estrogen receptor,ER)、孕激素受体(progesterone receptor,PR)、Her-2、Ki-67染色,对其进行随访和分析并回顾相关文献。结果：18例单纯型乳腺黏液癌,其中1例伴有微乳头结构的乳腺黏液癌,6例混合型。免疫组织化学肿瘤细胞22例ER阳性,19例PR阳性,1例混合型黏液癌HER-2阳性,单纯型黏液癌HER-2均阴性,单纯型乳腺黏液癌和混合型乳腺黏液癌两者具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论：乳腺单纯型黏液癌特征是细胞巢漂浮在黏液湖中,并由富含毛细血管的纤维分割。细胞团大小和形态各异,核异型性不明显,ER、PR阳性,HER-2阴性。单纯型乳腺黏液癌(pure mucinous carcinoma,PMCs)生长缓慢,转移率低,可以行保乳手术。伴有微小乳头结构的乳腺黏液癌(mucinous micropapillary carcinoma,MUMPC)与混合型乳腺黏液癌易发生转移,建议行乳腺改良根治手术,术后辅助放化疗。     

肾黏液样小管状和梭形细胞癌临床病理分析

目的：探讨肾黏液样小管状和梭形细胞癌(mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma,MTSCC)的临床病理学特征、诊断和鉴别诊断,提高对MTSCC的认识和诊断水平。方法：对2例MTSCC标本进行临床病理分析,并复习相关文献。结果：肿瘤与周围肾组织分界清楚,肿瘤由紧密排列的、小而狭长的小管构成,小管间为淡染的黏液样间质。肿瘤细胞呈立方形和梭形,肿瘤细胞胞质嗜酸性,细胞核圆形或卵圆形,异型性小,核仁不明显,核分裂像少见,在黏液性间质中可见散在淋巴细胞、浆细胞。免疫组织化学显示2例均表达细胞角蛋白(cytokeratin,CK)7,CK18, CK8/18和波形蛋白,Ki-67增殖指数<5%。结论：MTSCC是一种较罕见的低度恶性肿瘤,具有独特的组织学和免疫组织化学特征,明确该肿瘤的形态学特征、诊断和鉴别诊断有重要意义。     

胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤的多层螺旋CT诊断

目的探讨胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤在多层螺旋CT上的影像特点。方法回顾性分析30例经手术切除和病理学证实的胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤的临床、多层螺旋CT影像学资料,结合CT血管造影(computed tomography angiography,CTA)、多平面图像重组和二维曲面重组等影像技术观察其影像学表现,分析影像学表现与病理结果的相关性。结果 30例胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤的多层螺旋CT诊断:主胰管型13例,分支胰管型9例,混合型8例;术后病理结果显示胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性瘤8例,胰腺交界性或低度恶性乳头状黏液瘤8例,胰腺导管内乳头状黏液癌14例。结论胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤具有特征性的影像学表现,螺旋CT能协助诊断并能对其分型,运用CTA、多平面图像重组和二维曲面重组等影像技术有助于术前评估肿瘤的良、恶性。     

胆管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤二例并文献复习

目的 探讨临床少见的胆管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤的影像表现.方法 结合文献分析2例经病理证实的胆管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤患者的CT、MRI表现特点.结果 2例在CT、MRI检查时均显示胆管扩张,但无确切肿块,ERCP显示胆管内有充盈缺损,内镜下十二指肠乳头处见黄绿色胶冻样黏液,病理诊断分别为腺体乳头状增生并黏液内癌细胞和乳头状腺瘤.结论 影像学检查表现为胆管瘤样扩张,MRCP示扩张胆管内信号不均,其内可见有充盈缺损,内镜检查发现十二指肠乳头处黄绿色胶冻样黏液可提示胆管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤诊断,但最终诊断依赖于病理检查.