降纤酶低分子肝素治疗短暂性脑缺血发作的研究

目的 观察降纤酶与低分子肝素治疗短暂性脑缺血发作的效果及副作用。方法 选择本院神经内科住院患者36例应用降纤酶10U加入加入250ml生理盐水中静脉滴注，隔日1次，共3次；低分子肝素0．5ml脐旁皮下注射，12h 1次，连用7—10d,同时常规给予复方丹参滴注，口服尼莫地平，维生素E，维生素C，停用低分了肝素后给予肠溶阿斯匹林75mg，每日1次口服。结果 治疗开始后TLA发作相继减少，停止发作时间分别为1d内9例，3d内15例，5d内12例。随访6个月—1年，1例2个月后复发，重新应用上药治愈。结论 降纤酶与低分子肝素治疗TLA安全有效、无明显副作用、不易复发。     

小剂量尿激酶与低分子肝素钙治疗不稳定性心绞痛

目的观察小剂量尿激酶+低分子肝素钙治疗不稳定性心绞痛(UAP)的临床疗效。方法将80例UAP患者随机分为尿激酶、低分子肝素钙组(A组)43例,尿激酶10万U溶于100ml生理盐水静脉滴注,连续12d,低分子肝素钙5000U皮下注射,1次/d,共12d;常规治疗组(B组)37例,硝酸甘油10mg溶于5%葡萄糖500ml静脉滴注,共12d,复方丹参20ml溶于5%葡萄糖200ml静脉滴注,共12d。观察两组治疗UAP总有效率及出血等不良反应的发生率,治疗前后测定血小板计数(BPC)、激活全血凝固时间(ACT)、纤维蛋白原定量(FB)。结果两组UAP治疗总有效率分别为88.4%和62.2%(P<0.05),轻微出血发生率两组间及治疗前后BPC、ACT、FB均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论小剂量尿激酶+低分子肝素钙治疗UAP疗效显著,且用药安全。     

大肠杆菌胞嘧啶脱氨酶基因的克隆及其真核表达载体的构建

目的 克隆大肠杆菌胞嘧啶脱氨酶(CD)基因，构建真核表达载体，本研究拟探索该基因在肿瘤基因治疗中的应用基础。方法 根据GenBank数据库提供的CD基因核苷酸序列，设计并合成一对引物，采用PCR方法，从大肠杆菌基因组DNA中扩增出CD基因，并与pcDNA3．1定向连接，构建受控于人巨细胞病毒启动子的重组真核载体pcDNA3．1-CD，并用限制性内切酶、PCR和DNA测序进行鉴定。结果克隆了大肠杆菌CD基因，并构建了真核表达载体，经限制性内切酶酶切、PCR扩增和DNA测序证实了其正确性。结论 pcDNA3．1-CD真核表达载体构建成功。     

Disordered regulation of coagulation and platelet activation in xenotransplantation

Rejection of xenografts is associated with vascular-based inflammation, thrombocytopenia and the consumption of coagulation factors that may evolve into disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Similarly, bone marrow-derived cellular xenotransplantation procedures are associated with endothelial cell activation and thrombotic microangiopathic injury. These complications generally develop despite the best available measures for depletion of xenoreactive natural antibody, inhibition of complement activation and suppression of T- and B-cell mediated immune responses. The mechanisms underlying the DIC and thrombotic microangiopathy associated with xenotransplantation are unclear. A proposed primary biological dysfunction of xenografts with respect to regulation of clotting could amplify vascular injury, promote immunological responses and independently contribute to graft failure. Disordered thromboregulation could have deleterious effects, comparable to unregulated complement activation, in the pathogenesis of xenograft rejection and may therefore represent a substantive barrier to xenotransplantation.     

Prognostic factors in malignant glioma: Influence of the overexpression of oncogene and tumor-suppressor gene products on survival

Despite the use of multimodal therapy, higher-grade glioma is stilluniformly fatal in the adult population. There is a considerable differencebetween the length of survival in each given patient, even within the sametumor type and malignancy grade group, suggesting that there are factorsthat might differentially influence outcome. To identify such factors, 107patients with anaplastic or malignant glioma were retrospectivelyinvestigated. Clinical parameters and paraclinical data on the p53, mdm2,and EGFR genes at the DNA or protein level were evaluated by univariateanalysis and Cox proportional hazards regression modeling. Kaplan-Meiersurvival estimation demonstrated that immunohistochemical positivity formdm2 protein in patients with anaplastic astrocytoma or with glioblastomamultiforme was associated with a shorter survival time (p = 0.02).P53 gene mutations and immunopositivity for the epidermal growth factorreceptor (EGFR) protein were not significantly related to poor prognosis.The Cox proportional hazards model revealed immunohistochemical positivityfor p53, mdm2, or for both of them, the presence of postoperativeirradiation, and the extent of surgical resection of tumor to be variablessignificantly associated with prolonged survival. EGFR overexpression, ageover 60 years, and Karnofsky performance score below 40 points did notsignificantly shorten survival time. In conclusion, the present studyidentified immunohistochemically detected mdm2-protein overexpression as astatistically significant negative prognostic parameter in patients bearinganaplastic or malignant glioma. Association analysis of variables revealed apossible correlation between mdm2 and p53, which is also consistent with thebiological interaction mode of both proteins in vivo.     

Cytogenetics of benign breast lesions

This review summarizes the cytogenetic information on benign breast lesions of various histologies, i.e., fibrocystic lesions from women with and without a known hereditary predisposition to breast cancer, fibroadenomas, phyllodes tumors, and papillomas, and relate the chromosomal features with those in breast carcinoma. In general, the frequency of chromosome abnormalities is lower in benign lesions than in breast cancer, and seems to correlate with the histologic features of the tissue, and the corresponding risk of developing invasive mammary carcinoma; aberrations are more common in proliferative than in nonproliferative lesions. The karyotypes are generally less complex than those detected in invasive carcinoma, and more often involve balanced rearrangements. No lesion-specific aberration has so far been detected; on the contrary, changes repeatedly encountered in breast cancer samples can be found in benign lesions as well, e.g., gain of 1q, interstitial deletion of 3p, and trisomies 7, 18, and 20. Especially intriguing is the prevalence of rearrangements of the short arm of chromosome 3, with the minimally deleted bands 3p13–14, in proliferative lesions from prophylactic mastectomies in breast cancer families. The potential tumor suppressor gene(s) in this region remains, however, to be identified.     

SBT、SSOP法分析湖北土家族妇女HLA-A2超型各等位基因及与宫颈癌的关联

目的通过检测湖北土家族人群HLA-A2超型(包含A*0201、A*0202、A*0203、A*0204、A*0205、A*0206、A*0207、A*6802、A*6901)各等位基因,分析与宫颈癌关联的等位基因及其结构与功能特点.方法提取湖北土家族正常人群236名育龄妇女及59例原发性宫颈癌患者外周血DNA,采用SBT(sequence based typing)、SSOP(Sequence Specific Oligonucleotide Probes)HLA基因分型技术,对HLA-A2超型各等位基因型进行分型,比较宫颈癌病例组和正常对照组中HLA-A2超型中相应等位基因型构成比的差异,并分析相关等位基因的结构特点.结果有7种HLA-A2超型等位基因HLA-A*0201(17.3%)HLA-A*0202(9.5%)HLA A*0203(1.4%)HLA-A*0204(3.8%)HLA-A*0205(3.1%)HLA-A*0206(10.8%)HLA-A*0207/0215N(9.8%),其中HLA-A*0202和HLA A*0206在正常对照组和宫颈癌病人组的构成比有显著性差异(p＜0.05),HLA-A*0202(OR=0.24,95%CI=0.05～0.48)和HLA A*0206(OR=0.2,95%CI=0.67～1.07)对于宫颈癌发生的易感性有保护作用.结论湖北土家族人群HLA-A*0201所占比例最高达17.3%,HLA-A*0202和HLA-A*0206对于宫颈癌发生的易感性有保护作用.     

后基因组时代的胶质瘤分子生物学研究

在后基因组时代,对胶质瘤组织重构过程中的组织病理学、细胞遗传学及其相应分子改变的深入研究,为胶质瘤的分子病因、恶性进展、分子分型、基因治疗靶点筛选及预后评估研究提供有价值的参考依据.全文介绍了在该领域的相关研究进展.     

消化道肿瘤患者手术前后肠道通透性检测的临床意义

目的了解消化道肿瘤患者手术治疗前后肠道通透性的改变,探讨肠黏膜屏障功能是否受腹部手术的影响。方法选择手术治疗消化道肿瘤患者16例,在术前、术后1周口服乳果糖、甘露醇液后采集6小时尿样,尿样和乳果糖、甘露醇的标准样经肟化处理后通过气相色谱分析仪糖分子探针法进行检测分析其含量及比值。结果甘露醇峰、乳果糖峰出峰时间稳定,峰面积随含量增加而增加,并且呈线性相关;消化道肿瘤手术前后尿样中的乳果糖含量和乳果糖/甘露醇有显著性差异,乳果糖含量增高,而甘露醇含量手术前后无显著性差异。结论消化道肿瘤手术会导致肠黏膜通透性增加,出现肠黏膜屏障功能损害。