闽东耕作区的鼠类生态学研究

目的：调查闽东耕作区的鼠类及其体外寄生虫。方法：笼捕活鼠，进行鼠及体外寄生虫分类鉴定。结果：鼠类隶属啮齿目鼠科９种，食虫目科２种；种群的空间配置，从边缘地带住宅到山地灌木林区依次为褐家鼠、小家鼠、黄胸鼠、臭、卡氏小鼠、黄毛鼠、黑线姬鼠、水麝、社鼠、针毛鼠和白腹巨鼠。鼠体外寄生虫有恙螨２科３亚科１２属２７种，其中水纤恙螨为一新种，高山真棒恙螨为我省新纪录；革螨３科１１属１３种；蚤２总科４科９属１１种。结论：基本摸清该地区鼠类及其体外寄生虫本底     

Disodium octaborate tetrahydrate (DOT) application and vacuum cleaning,a combined strategy to control house dust mites

BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of acaricides in homes is controversial. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether disodium octaborate tetrahydrate (DOT) combined with vacuuming lowers dust mite numbers and their allergens in carpets and sofas. METHODS: A 6-month study was carried out with 93 homes, which were randomized into three groups: (i). active, received DOT; (ii). placebo, received water; and (iii). control, received no application. Active and placebo homes were vacuumed weekly. Dust was collected from carpets and sofas at the start of the study and every 2 months thereafter and quantified for live, total mites, and mite allergen levels. RESULTS: At 2 months, live mite numbers in active carpets were 3 +/- 1, in placebo carpets 129 +/- 48, and in control carpets 177 +/- 39 mites/g. The corresponding numbers in sofas were 3 +/- 2, 81 +/- 31, and 134 +/- 45 mites/g, respectively (P < 0.001 active vs placebo and vs. control). Live mites in carpets and sofas remained lower in the active group at 6 months (P < 0.001). Total mites in active carpets decreased from 555 +/- 69 at baseline to 223 +/- 32 mites/g at 6 months (P < 0.001) and mite allergen levels from 1.36 +/- 0.13 to 0.85 +/- 0.16 microg/g (P < 0.001). Total mites in active sofas remained unchanged, but mite allergen levels decreased from 1.48 +/- 0.25 at baseline to 0.7 +/- 0.15 microg/g at month 6 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: DOT kills mites in carpets and sofas, and, combined with vacuuming, effectively reduces total mites in carpets and mite allergen levels in carpets and sofas.     

House dust mites and human dander

The occurrence of house dust mites was measured in the homes of 12 patients with the scaly skin disease, psoriasis. The median number of mites in the mattress dust and floor dust was 27 (range 10-153)/0.1 g and 56 (range 12-114)/0.1 g respectively, which is significantly higher than the background pollution of house dust mites in normal Danish homes. The results support the idea that the amount of mites in our homes not only depend on relative air humidity but also on the production of dandruff.     

常年性变应性鼻炎成年患者屋尘螨的免疫治疗

目的:目的:探讨屋尘螨免疫治疗对上海地区常年性变应性鼻炎成年患者治疗的有效性和安全性。方法:采用患者自身用药前后对照设计。38例受试者为复旦大学附属中山医院耳鼻喉科门诊变应性鼻炎成年患者,采用屋尘螨提取液(阿罗格,默克公司,德国)进行53周疗程的皮下注射免疫治疗。观察患者血清IgE、IgG变化;皮肤点刺试验风团大小的变化;患者自我感觉症状的改善程度以及治疗的不良反应。结果:屋尘螨免疫治疗1年后血清IgE变化不明显,IgG有明显升高;皮肤试验反应降低,风团减小;患者自我评估明显改善;不良反应发生率低,没有严重不良反应。     

淮南地区房舍储藏物粉螨孳生密度与过敏性哮喘关系的研究

目的:了解淮南地区房舍储藏物粉螨孳生密度与过敏性哮喘发病之间的关系,为人群过敏性哮喘的防治提供依据。方法:采用整体随机抽样调查方法,采集淮南地区房舍储藏物标本,镜下进行粉螨分离鉴定,并结合哮喘的流行病学调查表统计数据,进行相关性分析。结果:淮南地区房舍储藏物中共分离鉴定出粉螨25种,隶属于7科19属。粉螨的平均孳生密度为(29.73±5.61)NO/g。哮喘患者居室储藏物粉螨孳生密度为(38.62±3.61~69.34±6.14)NO/g,非哮喘患者居室储藏物粉螨孳生密度为(11.02±5.37~16.43±2.78)NO/g,P=0.013,<0.05,差异有统计学意义。结论:淮南地区房舍储藏物粉螨孳生严重,其孳生密度与过敏性哮喘发病有关。     

A comparative study of three serine proteases from Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and D. farinae

Studies have shown that the dust mites Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and D. farinae contain several serine proteases, two of which have been shown to be allergenic, and to include trypasin and chymotrypsin, corresponding to the groups III and VI mite allergens. However, mites also contain other serine proteases, and the data reported in this study show that an elastase-like enzyme is present in both species. This enzyme was differentiated from the other serine proteases, particularly chymotrypsin, on the basis of charge, substrate specificity, and inhibition by copper and mercury cations. Its apparent mol. mass, as judged by gel filtration, was similar to those previously described for trypsain and chymotrypsin, i.e., 30 kDa. Several isoforms were detected by isoelectric focusing, but the isoelectric points of the major forms in both D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae were 10.5 and 9.8, respectively, contrasting with the acidic mite chymotrypsins. All three serine proteases were detected in whole mite and faecally enriched extracts, but the activities of trypsin and the elastase-like enzyme were greater in the latter type of extract. These data were similar to those obtained by quantitative immunochemical analysis of the D. farinae group III allergen in appropriate extracts, suggesting that culture conditions may modulate protease production. A monoclonal antibody affinity matrix specific for the group III allergen from D. farinae was shown to bind mite trypsin. However, a small amount of mite chymotrypsin also bound, suggesting limited immunologic cross-reactivity, a finding consistent with known sequence data.     

家庭尘螨过敏原含量对患儿哮喘控制水平的影响

目的探讨家庭尘螨过敏原含量对患儿哮喘控制水平的影响。方法选择59例哮喘患儿为研究对象,在四个季节采集床垫、枕头、地板与沙发的表面灰尘,测定尘螨过敏原含量(Der p1和Der f1),并分析与患儿哮喘控制水平的相关性。结果不同季节在床垫上检测到灰尘样本Der p1、Der f1水平均最高,显著高于相同季节地板检测的灰尘样本(P0.05)。暴露程度为低水平的患儿7例(11.86%),中水平的患儿12例(20.34%),高水平的患儿40例(67.80%)。在四个季节尘螨暴露高水平的患儿ACT/C-ACT评分均显著低于低水平的患者(P0.05)。其中尘螨暴露高水平的患者在春季的ACT/C-ACT评分的评分最低,显著低于夏季(P0.05)。结论儿童哮喘控制水平受尘螨过敏原含量季节变化的影响,以春季室内床垫中Der f1的含量最高。针对性加强尘螨防控措施,有利于哮喘的综合治疗与控制。