中指近节背侧岛状皮瓣

介绍中指近节背侧岛状皮瓣的应用解剖,该皮瓣的营养动脉为第2掌背动脉,位置表浅,解剖容易,安全可靠。自1990年11月以来,应用该皮瓣修复手部软组织缺损共6例,均获成功。     

Selective accumulation of monoclonal antibodies against neurospecific enolase in brain tissue of rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion

Preparations of I¹²⁵-labeled monoclonal antibodies against neurospecific enolase and mouse plasma IgG1 were injected intravenously to rats immediately after unilateral occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. Radioactivity of I¹²⁵-labeled monoclonal antibodies against neurospecific enolase in the brain tissue progressively increased, reached a maximum by the 48th hour, and remained practically unchanged after 72 h. At the same time radioactivity of labeled IgG1 in the brain tissue and radioactivity of both preparations in the blood, liver, spleen, kidneys, heart, and lungs decreased over 72 h. Selective accumulation of I¹²⁵-labeled monoclonal antibodies against neurospecific enolase was less significant in the brain tissue of the contralateral hemisphere and cerebellum not exposed to ischemia.Translated from Byulleten Eksperimentalnoi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 138, No. 10, pp. 388–392, October, 2004     

Effect of H+ and elevated PCO 2on membrane electrical properties of rat cerebral arteries

Some membrane electrical properties of muscle cells from the middle cerebral artery of the rat were recorded with intracellular microelectrodes. The resting membrane potential (E _m) of this preparation was –63 mV. Reduction of extracellular pH to 7.0 in the face of a constantP _{CO 2}of 40 mm Hg had no significant effect onE _m. Similarly the slope of the steady-state voltage/current curves was not different at pH 7.0 compared to control at pH 7.4. In marked contrast, whenP _{CO 2}was elevated to around 60 to 70 mm Hg there was a rapid hyperpolarization and reduction in the slope of the voltage current curve suggesting an increased conductance for one or more ionic species. In addition elevation ofP _{CO 2}increased the slope of theE _m vs. log[K]₀ curve from 46 mV/decade to 59 m V/decade which is in good agreement with a Nernstian potential for a K⁺ selective membrane. These data suggest that while the smooth muscle cells of rat cerebral arteries are relatively insensitive to a small reduction in extracellular pH; reduction of intracellular pH by elevatingP _{CO 2}induces hyperpolarization by increasing K⁺ conductance (g _k). However, it is not clear from these experiments if theP _{CO 2}effects are mediated entirely by changes in pH or if there is a direct membrane action of CO₂.This work is supported by Grant no. HL27862     

Callosal connections of suprasylvian visual areas in the cat

After horseradish peroxidase injections in cat's lateral suprasylvian visual area and in areas 17 and 18, labeled callosal neurons are found within the various subdivisions of the lateral suprasylvian area, mostly in regions where the area centralis and vertical meridian are represented. The homotopic callosal projections from lateral suprasylvian area to lateral suprasylvian area originate almost exclusively from layer III. The heterotopic callosal projections from the lateral suprasylvian area to areas 17 and 18 originate mainly from layer VI but also from layer III. Callosal neurons in the lateral suprasylvian area are pyramidal cells (layers III and VI), fusiform and triangular cells (layer VI).The distribution of callosal neurons in the lateral suprasylvian area is similar to that previously found in areas 17 and 18 in the sense that in all these areas callosal neurons are preferentially located near the vertical meridian representation within two radially separated laminae. However, the preponderance of layer VI neurons in the projection from the lateral suprasylvian area to contralateral areas 17 and 18 is different from what was observed in other callosal connections. Since layer VI usually gives rise to corticothalamic projections it is possible that similar feed-back mechanisms may modulate the information sent to the lateral suprasylvian area from the thalamus and the primary visual areas.     

Regional cerebral blood flow after occlusion of the middle cerebral artery

Occlusions of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) are mostly of embolic origin (appr. 80%) and give rise to about one third of all ischemic strokes, most of these being major strokes. MCA occlusions lasting for less than 1/2 h are tolerated without occurrence of permanent tissue damage. Occlusions lasting between 1/2 h to 4-8 h lead to permanent tissue damage and neurological deficits that are proportional to the duration of occlusion. Maximal tissue damage is obtained after 4-8 h occlusion. A cerebral blood flow of 8-23 ml/100 gr/min is sufficient for cellular viability but insufficient for normal tissue function ("ischemic penumbra"). Cellular function is completely abolished in the interval 8-16 ml/100 gr/min and flow at that level is tolerated only for 1-3 h before neuronal death ensues. In the interval 18-23 ml/100 gr/min there is some functional activity although it is reduced. Experimental and clinical evidence suggests that flow in this interval may be tolerated for several days, months or even longer ("chronic ischemic penumbra"). After MCA occlusion the blood flow falls below 8 ml/100 gr/min in most cases and permanent MCA occlusion always leads to relatively large areas of frank infarction. The ischemic infarcts may be surrounded by collaterally perfused areas where the blood flow is pressure-dependent (impaired autoregulation) and quite commonly insufficient for normal neuronal function (below 23 ml/100 gr/min). Such collaterally perfused areas may include a "chronic ischemic penumbra". Emboli causing MCA occlusions commonly disintegrate and/or migrate more peripherally within the first few weeks post stroke. This leads to reperfusion and changes of ischemic infarcts into hyperemic infarcts where flow is severely increased. The vascular reactivity is completely abolished in hyperemic infarcts and the hyperemic state lasts for about two weeks. Probably, anemic infarcts are equivalent to ischemic infarcts while the hemorrhagic variety is equivalent to hyperemic infarcts. The "partial infarct" with selective neuronal necrosis occurs in experimental animals after MCA occlusions of less than four h but not after permanent MCA occlusion. The significance of partial infarction in human stroke is not clarified. The extent of irreversible tissue damage can be reduced only if therapy sets in within 4-8 h after the occlusion. If a "chronic penumbra" exists the extension of reversible tissue damage can be reduced if therapy aimed at increasing the blood flow in the penumbra sets in within weeks or even months after the stroke.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

Prevalence of mental disorder in an urban population in central Sweden

The principal reason for this epidemiological study was the lack of psychiatric morbidity studies in a predominantly urban population, by psychiatrists in direct interviews. The psychiatric examination, covering 1970-71, included a representative selection of 2,283 persons, 18-65 years old from "former" Stockholm County, and the 12-month prevalence of mental disorders was measured. The total of non-participants was 12%. Forty-seven percent had a psychiatric diagnosis - significantly more women (54%) than men (40%). Excluding the psychosomatic diagnoses, 31% of the population received a psychiatric diagnosis, which agrees closely with other contemporary studies of mental disorder in the Nordic countries. The primary diagnoses were: neuroses 26%, psychosomatic diagnoses 16%, schizophrenic/paranoid conditions or other psychoses 0.6%, affective disorders 0.2%, psychoorganic syndromes 1.2%, psychopathy 0.2%, character neurosis 1%, drug dependence 0.2% (as a primary or a secondary diagnosis 0.6%), alcoholism 1.4% (as a primary or a secondary diagnosis 3.1%) and mental retardation 0.4% (as a primary or a secondary diagnosis 0.8%).     

Identifying children at risk of intellectual disability in UNICEF’s multiple indicator cluster surveys: Cross-sectional survey

BackgroundResearch on intellectual disability has been criticized for primarily addressing the situation of people in high-income countries.Objective/Hypothesis. To determine whether MICS6 data on ‘functional difficulty associated with learning’ (FDAL) in low- and middle-income countries could be used as a proxy indicator for intellectual disability.MethodsSecondary analysis of nationally representative data collected in Round 6 of UNICEF’s Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) on 244,915 children in 18 middle- and low-income countries.ResultsThe prevalence of FDAL in middle- and low-income countries was broadly similar to the estimated prevalence of intellectual disability in high-income countries. The association between risk of FDAL and household wealth was weak, with alternative measures of developmental delay showing significantly stronger associations with household wealth. The risk of making potential false negative errors in identifying FDAL increases as household wealth and level of maternal education decrease. The risk of making potential false positive errors in identifying FDAL is greater among more highly educated respondents, although this association is only statistically significant among older children.ConclusionsThe use of FDAL as a proxy indicator for intellectual disability cannot be recommended given: (1) it would probably underestimate the overall prevalence of intellectual disability in middle and low income countries; and (2) it is likely to be overestimate prevalence among families with higher socio-economic position (SEP) and underestimate prevalence among families with lower SEP.     

重点高中生的心理状态与高考成绩的相关性研究

目的;了解重点高中学生的心理状态与高考成绩之间的关系。方法：以398例应届生为对象,应用16PF人格测验,气质测量工具（STI,TTI）及焦虑自评量表（SAS）,对考生进行测试分析,结果：文理科学生的16PF的人格特质有明显的差别,判别分析和多因素回归分析显示16PF人格特质中的Q1因素（实验性F＝8．76,P＜0．01）,Q2因素（独立性F＝8．23,P＜0．01）,与高考成绩呈正相关,与M因素（幻想性F＝4．88,P＜0．01）,呈负相关;气质中的神经过程灵活性（F＝8．15,P＜0．01）和时间特质中的灵活性（F＝12．36,P＜0．01）与高才成绩呈正相关。结论：高考生的实验性,独立性高分及幻想性低分的个性特质和气质上的灵活性有助于高考成绩的发挥,学生文理科分班宜参考学生人格特质这一特点,。     

青海省中小学生肠道寄生虫感染的调查分析

目的 明确我省中小学生肠道寄生虫病的分布流行现状,为制定防治措施提供科学依据。方法 采用卢戈氏碘液片法检查肠道原虫;改良加藤氏厚涂片法检查蠕虫卵;肛周透明胶纸肛拭法检查蛲虫卵（12岁以下儿童）;试管滤纸培养法检查线虫幼虫。结果 调查20个县（市）32个调查点中的3485名中小学生,寄生虫总感染率为58.77%。男、女感染率分别为59.24%,蛲虫25.04%,鞭虫0.92%,结肠内阿米巴7.12%。蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫5.65%,溶组织内阿米巴0.52%,哈氏内阿米巴0.34%,微小内蜒阿米巴3.53%,布氏嗜碘阿米巴0.89%,人芽囊原3.07%。海东农业区学生感染最高（69.53%）,青南牧区最低（37.40%）。感染2种以上寄生虫者占22.95%。     

大脑中动脉闭塞后自发性再灌注经颅多普勒观察

（1）目的 探讨缺血性脑卒中自发性再灌注的经颅多普勒表现。（2）方法 对56例大脑中动脉（MCA）急性缺血性脑卒中病人,在发病6h内行脑CT,经颅多普勒超声（TCD）及动脉数字减影检查。（3）结果 38例有TCD异常,表现为患侧MCA血流信号消失或血流信号不对称。24h,48h,7d随访,发现受阻MCA出现自发性再灌注达50％,且阻塞部位越远,出现再灌注概率越大。（4）结论 TCD技术为一简单、有效的监测MCA再通方法。