Microwaveable Toluidine Blue Stain for Surface Staining of Undecalcified Bone Sections

Abstract

Toluidine blue stain has been widely used for staining undecalcified bone sections, but previous techniques required removal of embedding plastic or surface etching with both alcohol and acid solutions. In this study, solutions of toluidine blue at different pHs were used to stain unetched and acidetched sections. A group of the test staining solutions were heated in an effort to enhance section staining. Acid-etching prior to staining was found to be necessary to achieve bone matrix staining, but methanol etching could be eliminated if staining solutions were heated to 55–60°C. Sections stained with the heated solutions buffered to pH 7.0 or 8.0 had optimum morphology. (The J Histotechnol 17:357, 1994)     

经肝动脉化疗栓塞联合经皮微波消融序贯治疗早期肝癌的疗效及预后影响因素

目的：探讨早期肝癌经肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)联合经皮微波凝固消融(PMCT)序贯治疗后的临床疗效及预后影响因素。方法2011年1月—2014年4月收集早期肝癌患者66例,先行TACE,5~7 d后在超声引导下行PMCT。分析术前、TACE和联合PMCT治疗后肝功能、甲胎蛋白(AFP)的变化。Kaplan-Meier计算无瘤累积生存率,Chi-square分析影响复发的高危因素,有统计学意义者引入logistic回归多因素分析。结果66例早期肝癌TACE后较术前ALT、TBIL、DBIL显著升高(P<0．01);联合PMCT后较术前AST、ALT、DBIL升高(P<0．01);联合PMCT后与TACE相比,AST升高(P<0．01), TBIL、DBIL降低(P<0．01)。联合PMCT与术前、TACE相比AFP均降低(P<0．01)。本组病例随访期间死亡1例,3年累积生存率98．5%。复发19例,1、2、3年的无瘤累积生存率分别为70．3%、50．8%、41．6%。单因素和多因素分析AFP≥100μg/L、病毒载量≥103拷贝/ml和肿瘤边界不规整是早期肝癌联合治疗后复发的危险因素(P<0．05)。结论 TACE联合PMCT序贯治疗是早期肝癌较理想的治疗方法,TACE后序贯PMCT不会影响肝功能恢复进程,AFP≥100μg/L、病毒载量≥103拷贝/ml和肿瘤边界不规整是早期肝癌TACE联合PMCT序贯治疗后复发的危险因素。     

Comparison of percutaneous microwave ablation and laparoscopic resection in the prognosis of liver cancer

The effect of percutaneous microwave ablation and laparoscopic resection on the prognosis of liver cancer was investigated. Ninety patients with liver cancer treated at our hospital from March 2010 to March 2012 were divided into group A and group B (n=45) by using a random number table, and the surgical conditions and the prognosis were compared. The surgical conditions of patients in group A were significantly better than those in group B (P<0.05). The incidence of complications in group A was 6.67%, which was obviously lower than that of group B (P<0.05). The local recurrence rate of group A was 20.00%, and that of group B was 8.89%, which showed a significant difference (P<0.05). The two groups did not differ significantly in terms of either total recurrence rate (P>0.05) or 1-year, 2-year and 3-year survival (P>0.05). Both percutaneous microwave ablation and laparoscopic resection had a good long-term efficacy in liver cancer. However, percutaneous microwave ablation was superior as it caused less invasiveness, reduced the incidence of complications and improved prognosis of liver cancer.     

高功率和微波辐照致家兔视网膜损伤的防护研究

目的 以定量组织病理学的重要指标节细胞层和内核细胞层的厚度和细胞计数为指标,探讨三七总皂甙和480目铜丝网对高功率微波所致的视网膜损伤进行药物防护和物理防护的效果.方法 将青紫蓝兔分为假辐射对照组、辐射组、三七总皂甙防护组和480目铜丝屏蔽组.观察各实验组视网膜组织的病理形态变化.结果 三七总皂甙预处理能显著减轻高功率微波辐照所致的视网膜组织的病理形态学损伤;480目铜丝网屏蔽防护,能完全屏蔽该频率高功率微波辐射,使视网膜组织结构维持正常,表现出良好的屏蔽防护效果.结论 三七总皂甙和480目铜丝网对高功率微波致视网膜损伤具有药物和物理防护作用,为探讨可供实用的高功率微波眼损伤防护措施提供实验依据.     

Effect of Solvothermal Reaction-Time on Microstructure and Microwave Absorption Properties of Cobalt Ferrite

Cobalt ferrite is synthesized via a simple solvothermal method. Then, the effect of the degree of cobalt-ferrite growth on its morphology, structure, electromagnetic performance, and microwave absorption is studied as a function of the solvothermal reaction time. When the reaction time during synthesis is 8 h, the structure of cobalt ferrite is hollow spheres. In addition, when the reaction time is 12 h and 16 h, it becomes a submicron sphere with a diameter of 100–150 nm. With the increase of reaction time, cobalt ferrite underwent the process of cobalt ferrite formation, hollow structure formation, hollow structure disappearance, agglomeration separation and reagglomeration in 4–16 h. In general, CoFe₂O₄-8h shows better microwave absorption-the effective absorption bandwidth is 9.84 GHz (6–15.84 GHz) for a thickness of 1.72–3.72 mm. This represents a minimum return loss of −47.24 dB. A better understanding of both the synthesis parameters and the relationship between structure and electromagnetic properties can open new possibilities for applications and the development of microwave absorbing materials.     

微波联合利福平治疗溃疡型淋巴结结核的临床观察

目的观察微波照射联合利福平粉末局部换药治疗溃疡型淋巴结结核的临床效果。方法选取我科溃疡型淋巴结结核患者95例,随机分为治疗组和对照组,两组均给予相同的抗结核方案,即3HRZE/6HR;治疗组应用利福平粉末局部换药,并加用微波局部照射治疗,每次照射15 min,每日1次,治疗4周;对照组无局部用药,无微波照射;分别于治疗1个月、2个月、3个月后比较两组的治疗效果。结果治疗组患者症状改善明显,分泌物减少迅速,溃疡面或窦道愈合较快,肿块减小速度增快,病程缩短。治疗组的治愈率和总显效率明显高于对照组,有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论用利福平粉末局部换药,并加用微波局部照射治疗溃疡型淋巴结结核有效。     

Forensic analysis of diatom in the spleen and heart in Sprague-Dawley rats

Post-mortem diagnosis of drowning is a real challenge, especially in a decomposed body. The diatom test is considered a reliable scientific assessment in several countries including China. The lungs, liver, and kidneys are usually used in the diatom test, whereas the spleen and heart are rarely reported. In our study, we set up five water samples with different concentrations of diatoms. One-hundred and twenty adult SD rats were employed, assigned to the Drowning Group (DG), Post-mortem Submersion Group (PSG), Drowning Control Group (DG-Control), and Post-mortem Submersion Control Group (PSG-Control). Rats in DG and PSG were submerged in water samples, respectively. After the microwave digestion and vacuum filtration method for diatom enrichment, the diatom numbers were counted. The results showed no diatom was found in either the DG-Control or PSG-Control group. Although significant differences in the diatoms number were found between the DG and PSG groups, the heart and spleen revealed no significant differences. These two organs equally had high specificity and low sensitivity. Based on our data, we concluded that the heart and spleen can be used for the diagnosis of drowning, and detection of diatoms in systemic circulation organs may be more suitable for the diatom test, especially when exogenous contamination is avoided.     

Safety and Efficacy of Percutaneous Cryoablation for Small Hepatocellular Carcinomas Adjacent to the Heart

PurposeThis study evaluated the safety and efficacy of percutaneous cryoablation for treatment of the left subdiaphragmatic small hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) adjacent to the heart.Materials and MethodsBetween September 2013 and March 2018, 189 consecutive patients underwent cryoablation for small HCCs (≤3 cm); 70 patients (mean: 61.3 ± 10.6 years of age; range: 40–82 years) with left hepatic tumors (22 juxtacardiac and 48 nonjuxtacardiac tumors) were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into juxtacardiac and nonjuxtacardiac tumor groups (tumor margins: ≤10 mm and >10 mm, respectively, from the heart border). The rates of technical success, complete ablation, complications, and local tumor recurrence (LTR) were evaluated.ResultsNo significant intergroup differences were observed in the mean diameter of the tumor (17.9 ± 5.5 mm vs. 17.5 mm ± 5.2, respectively; P = 0.781) and of the ablation zone (41.3 ± 4.2 mm vs. 43.5 ± 5.8 mm, respectively; P = 0.115). Technical success was achieved in all patients. No procedure-related major complications occurred in either group. The median follow-up period was 15 months (range: 3.1–49.6 months). No statistically significant intergroup differences were observed in the rates of complete ablation (90.9% vs. 93.8%, respectively; P = 0.646) and LTR (20% vs. 15.6%, respectively; P = 0.725).ConclusionsCryoablation is a safe treatment modality for patients with juxtacardiac small HCCs, without an increased risk of cardiac complications compared to treatment of HCCs that are nonjuxtacardiac, and with comparable efficacy.     

微波消融治疗胆肠吻合术后肝脏恶性肿瘤术前肠道准备及应用抗生素对降低术后并发症的效果

目的 观察超声引导下微波消融(MWA)治疗胆肠吻合术(BEA)后肝脏恶性肿瘤术前肠道准备及应用抗生素对降低术后并发症及其严重程度的价值。方法 回顾性分析31例接受超声引导下MWA的BEA后肝脏恶性肿瘤患者,其中17例MWA前接受(A组)、14例(B组)未接受肠道准备及应用抗生素,对比观察2组术后并发症发生率及严重程度。结果 2组患者基线特征及原发肿瘤类型差异均无统计学意义(P均＞0.05)。31例均顺利完成MWA。MWA后A组住院时间、发热率、发热持续时间、菌血症发生率及肝脓肿发生率均低于B组(P均＜0.05)。结论 MWA治疗BEA后肝脏恶性肿瘤患者术前肠道准备及合理应用抗生素可明显降低术后并发症发生率及严重程度。