建瓴汤联合卡托普利对大鼠高血压及肾脏的影响

目的研究建瓴汤联合卡托普利对高血压大鼠的降压效应及肾脏保护作用。方法将60只SPF级雄性SD大鼠随机分出10只作为正常组予常规饮食;余50只大鼠予高盐饮食10周,建立高血压模型,造模成功后,将大鼠分为中药组(建瓴汤)、西药组(卡托普利)、西联组(卡托普利和氢氯噻嗪)、中西组(卡托普利和建瓴汤)、模型组(生理盐水),用药3月。分别在用药前、用药1月及3月时测量大鼠尾动脉血压,用药3月后检测各组大鼠尿微量白蛋白(m ALB)及尿N-乙酰-β-D-葡萄糖苷酶(NAG酶)浓度,光镜下观察肾脏病理形态学变化。结果 (1)血压:用药1月后,除中药组外各用药组血压与正常组比较无差异,与模型组比较均下降(P<0.01);用药3月后,与正常组比较,各用药组均无差异。(2)尿m ALB和尿NAG酶:与正常组比较,各组大鼠两指标均升高(P<0.01);与模型组比较,西药组两指标升高(P<0.01);与西药组比较,中药组、中西组均降低(P<0.01)。(3)肾病理形态学变化:中药组、中西组较西药组、西联组肾脏病变程度轻。结论建瓴汤单用有显著降压效应,与卡托普利联用时无协同降压作用,但能拮抗后者对高血压大鼠的肾脏损害作用。     

The evaluation of renal hemodynamics changes in Familial Mediterranean fever with color Doppler sonography

Background: Renal resistive index (RRI) scanned through renal Doppler is a practical marker employed in measuring blood flow in renal and intrarenal arteries and in noninvasive evaluation of renal vascular resistance. We aimed to investigate the renal hemodynamic variations in patients with Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF).

Material and methods: Seventy-nine FMF patients and 51 healthy subjects suitable for age and sex were included. Patients were divided into two groups according to their urinary albumin excretion. Fifty-two patients with 0–29?mg/day albuminuria were included in the normoalbuminuric group while 27 patients with 30–299?mg/day albuminuria were included in the microalbuminuric group.

Results: RRI values were higher in patients with FMF compared to the healthy subjects (p?p?=?0.002, p?microalbuminuria in patients was 0.63, sensitivity of 66%, specificity of 60%, and p?=?0.013.

Conclusion: RRI may be a marker that may be used in assessing resistance to renal blood flow, early renal damage, and progression of renal damage in FMF patients.     

Microalbuminuria and the metabolic syndrome and its components in the Chinese population

BACKGROUND: Microalbuminuria and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) have both been linked to chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease. This study investigated the association between urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) and MetS and its components. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 2311 subjects aged 40 years and over were recruited in 2004 in a metropolitan city in Taiwan. The biochemical indices, such as fasting glucose levels, urinary albumin, urinary creatinine and anthropometric indices, were measured. We defined microalbuminuria as a urinary ACR ranging from 30 to 300 mg g(-1) creatinine. MetS was defined using the American Heart Association and the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (AHA/NHLBI) and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) definitions. The relationship between MetS and microalbuminuria was examined using multiple logistical regression analysis. RESULTS: Subjects with microalbuminuria had higher age, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol (TCHOL)/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio, prevalence of diabetes mellitus and hypertension and lower HDL-C than subjects with normoalbuminuria. After adjusting for age and BMI, microalbuminuria was associated with the individual components of MetS, except in central obesity in women and elevated fasting glucose in men. After adjusting for age, BMI, smoking and alcohol consumption status, multiple logistical regressions revealed that microalbuminuria is strongly associated with MetS in both genders and according to both definitions. The odds ratio of having MetS using the AHA/NHLBI and IDF definition was 1.76 (1.16-2.67) and 1.73 (1.06-2.83) in men and 2.19 (1.38-3.50) and 2.09 (1.24-3.51) in women, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Microalbuminuria was strongly associated with MetS and its components. There is an increased likelihood of having MetS if subjects have microalbuminuria.     

杞菊地黄丸联合环丙沙星治疗慢性肾盂肾炎的疗效观察

目的探讨杞菊地黄丸联合环丙沙星治疗慢性肾盂肾炎的临床效果。方法选取日照市妇幼保健院在2015年12月—2016年12月收治的慢性肾盂肾炎患者141例,随机分成对照组(70例)和治疗组(71例)。对照组患者口服盐酸环丙沙星片,1片/1次,3次/d;治疗组在对照组的基础上口服杞菊地黄丸,8丸/次,3次/d。所有患者均经过规律治疗4周。观察两组患者临床疗效,比较治疗前后两组患者主要症状积分、肾功能指标和不良反应情况。结果治疗后,对照组患者临床总有效率为85.71%明显低于治疗组的98.59%,停药半年内对照组和治疗组的重新感染率分别为12.86%、2.82%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组主要症状积分明显降低(P0.05);且治疗组积分明显低于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者的血清肌酐、血尿素氮和尿微量白蛋白水平均显著降低(P0.05);且治疗组患者肾功能指标水平明显低于对照组(P0.05)。治疗期间,治疗组患者不良反应发生率为4.23%,明显低于对照组患者的17.14%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论杞菊地黄丸联合环丙沙星治疗慢性肾盂肾炎疗效显著,可降低停药半年内重新感染率,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。     

Haptoglobin phenotype and diabetic nephropathy

Abstract Aims/hypothesis. To determine if the haptoglobin 2 allele is associated with an increased risk for the development of diabetic nephropathy. Methods. This study included 110 consecutive normotensive subjects with Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus seen in two outpatient clinics in Israel. Diabetes duration was greater than 10 years for Type I diabetes and more than 5 years for Type II diabetic subjects. Microalbuminuria was defined as urinary protein excretion of 30 to 300 mg/24 h, and macroalbuminuria was defined as urinary protein excretion of greater than 300 mg/24 h. Serum was taken from subjects for haptoglobin typing by gel electrophoresis. Results. Of the participating subjects 54 had Type I and 56 had Type II diabetes. None (0/18) of the subjects homozygous for the haptoglobin 1 allele (1–1) showed any sign of diabetic nephropathy, as compared with 34 % (19/55) of subjects homozygous for the haptoglobin 2 allele (2–2) and 27 % (10/37) of heterozygous subjects (2–1) (p < 0.04). Of the subjects 29 showed macroalbuminuria. The risk of developing macroalbuminuria was found to be greater in subjects with two haptoglobin 2 alleles (22 %) (12/55) as compared with one haptoglobin 2 allele (8 %) (3/37) or no haptoglobin 2 alleles (0 %) (0/18) (p < 0.03). Conclusion/interpretation. By showing a graded risk relation to the number of haptoglobin 2 alleles in Type I and Type II diabetic subjects, these studies further support our hypothesis that the haptoglobin phenotype is a major susceptibility gene for the development of diabetic nephropathy. [Diabetologia (2001) 44: 602–604] Received in revised from: 5 January 2001     

C‐peptide and diabetic kidney disease

Kidney disease is a serious development in diabetes mellitus and poses an increasing clinical problem. Despite increasing incidence and prevalence of diabetic kidney disease, there have been no new therapies for this condition in the last 20 years. Mounting evidence supports a biological role for C‐peptide, and findings from multiple studies now suggest that C‐peptide may beneficially affect the disturbed metabolic and pathophysiological pathways leading to the development of diabetic nephropathy. Studies of C‐peptide in animal models and in humans with type 1 diabetes all suggest a renoprotective effect for this peptide. In diabetic rodents, C‐peptide reduces glomerular hyperfiltration and albuminuria. Cohort studies of diabetic patients with combined islet and kidney transplants suggest that maintained C‐peptide secretion is protective of renal graft function. Further, in short‐term studies of patients with type 1 diabetes, administration of C‐peptide is also associated with a lowered hyperfiltration rate and reduced microalbuminuria. Thus, the available information suggests that type 1 diabetes should be regarded as a dual hormone deficiency disease and that clinical trials of C‐peptide in diabetic nephropathy are both justified and urgently required.