不同切除方案对胃中部癌患者远期预后的影响因素分析

目的：探讨影响不同切除方案对胃中部癌患者远期预后的因素。方法回顾性分析我院行手术治疗280例胃中部癌患者的临床资料,其中行全胃切除术患者194例（TG组）,行远端胃大部切除术患者86例（DG组）,比较两组胃中部癌患者的5年生存率及其影响因素。结果 TG组和DG组的5年生存率分别为47.6%和64.3%,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。但是,TG组患者相对肿瘤更大、分期更晚且肿瘤位于小弯侧者居多（均P〈0.05）。TNM分期预后分析显示,两组胃中部癌患者术后5年生存率比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;胃中部癌患者不同近切缘距离者的5年生存率差异也均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。经多因素预后分析显示,胃切除方式不是胃中部癌患者独立的预后因素（P〉0.05）;而浸润深度和TNM分期是胃中部癌患者独立的预后影响因素（均P〈0.05）。结论在能够根治的手术前提下,不同的切除方案并不会影响胃中部癌患者的远期预后,但胃中部癌患者若能够满足彻底根除的条件,则实施远端胃大部切除术是可行的。     

术前乳腺MRI对乳腺癌保乳手术切缘评估的回顾性分析

目的 探讨术前乳腺磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)在乳腺癌保乳手术中的应用价值。方法 回顾性分析2014年1月至2019年9月期间经粗针穿刺病理确诊乳腺癌并同意行保乳手术治疗的236例患者的临床资料。收集患者术前MRI、B超及乳腺X线摄影(钼靶)检查结果、术中及术后病理信息。根据保乳手术切缘病理状态,将所有患者分为切缘阳性组与切缘阴性组。分别对乳腺MRI、超声、钼靶影像学特征以及病理学信息进行统计汇总。所得数据用SPSS 22.0统计软件进行处理。结果 乳腺MRI对乳腺癌病灶检出率为100%,钼靶的检出率87.44%;对于病灶直径>2 cm的乳腺癌,B超与钼靶检查均低估了肿瘤大小。对于病灶直径≤2 cm的乳腺癌,MRI检查高估了肿瘤大小 (P<0.05);术中冰冻病理切缘阳性31例,其中再次补切阳性17例,阴性14例,保乳成功率为89.41%。分析显示:乳腺MRI动态增强影像上的病灶形态、病灶周围血管征象、超声检查中病灶数量、病理测量值最大径(Pathmd)、分子分型中HER-2过表达型(HR阴性)以及HER-2阳性状态与保乳手术切缘阳性密切相关(P<0.05)。多因素分析显示,乳腺MRI病灶形态中的“存在其他病灶(Mass & present)”类型、“非肿块型(NME)”类型、MRI上患侧病灶周围存在多发点状血管征象以及HER-2过表达型(HR阴性),是乳腺癌保乳手术切缘阳性的独立危险因素, OR(95%CI)分别为:39.472(9.835~158.421),P<0.001; 56.722(7.908~406.838),P<0.001;24.076(4.979~116.413),P<0.001; 23.170(1.823~294.504),P=0.015。MRI影像无上述危险因素的低危组保乳手术成功率为98.7%,明显高于存在任一危险因素的高危组患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。 结论 乳腺MRI检查是乳腺癌术前检查及评估的有效手段之一。MRI检查上Mass & present类型、NME类型、患侧病灶周围存在多发点状血管征象以及HER-2过表达型(HR阴性)与保乳手术切缘阳性密切相关。无危险因素的患者进行保乳手术的成功率更高。     

椎体缘离断症56例

56例椎体缘离断症,除发生于颈、胸椎各1例外,余54例皆发生于腰椎(98.2％),多椎体受累5例。54例共累及60个椎体,L_4最多28例,次为L_5及L_3,发生子椎体前上角最多48例。认为本病的发生是在骨骺与椎体未愈合或未牢固愈合之前,以损伤为诱因,促使髓核脱入椎体表面,刺激骺板产生骨质分离,从而使椎体离断。个别病例,可能是骨骺未与椎体融合而形成的解剖变异。     

腹腔镜超声在肾部分切除术治疗肾门旁中央型小肾癌中的临床价值

目的：探讨腹腔镜超声（LUS）辅助下经腹腔及后腹腔腹腔镜肾部分切除术（LPN）治疗肾门旁中央型肾癌的临床应用价值。方法分析2014年3月至7月收治行LUS辅助下LPN治疗的4例肾门旁中央型小肾癌患者的临床资料,其中2例经腹腔手术入路、2例经后腹腔手术入路,并记录分析手术时间、出血量、术后病理报告及切缘情况。结果 LUS术中示肾癌形态欠规则,边界清,内部回声不均匀,肿瘤内部或周边可探及血流信号,并能显示与集合系统及血管的位置关系,明显优于术前常规超声检查,有助于确定肾肿瘤切除的范围。术后病理证实肾透明细胞癌4例,且所有切缘均阴性。结论 LUS在术中可以动态监测肿瘤位置及其与肾集合系统、肾门血管的位置关系,有助于尽可能保留肾单位,避免集合系统与肾血管的损伤,减少出血量及保证切缘阴性具有重要的临床应用价值。     

改良V-Y外眦开大成形术的临床应用

目的：探讨改良V-Y外眦开大成形新术式。方法：将Y形切口线设计在睑缘灰线，板层劈开上下睑，并在切口末端增加两条垂直于睑缘的辅助切口线，切开睑板及睑结膜；部分或完全切断外眦韧带，充分分离使外眦呈“游离状态”。在无张或微张力的情况下外移外眦。结果：102例外眦开大成形术99例达到预期效果，开大外眦达1．5～5mm。结论：改良V-Y外眦开大成形术相比传统手术，保留了外眦外形结构，术后外眦无变形，远期回缩轻微，是目前比较理想的合乎美学原理的外眦开大成形术式。     

Evaluating the accuracy of resection planes in mandibular surgery using a preoperative,intraoperative, and postoperative approach

In mandibular surgery, three-dimensionally printed patient-specific cutting guides are used to translate the preoperative virtually planned resection planes to the operating room. This study was performed to determine whether cutting guides are positioned according to the virtual plan and to compare the intraoperative position of the cutting guide with the resection performed. Nine patients were included. The exact positions of the resection planes were planned virtually and a patient-specific cutting guide was designed and printed. After surgical placement of the cutting guide, intraoperative cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was performed. Postoperative CT was used to obtain the final resection planes. Distances and yaw and pitch angles between the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative resection planes were calculated. Cutting guides were positioned on the mandible with millimetre accuracy. Anterior osteotomies were performed more accurately than posterior osteotomies (intraoperatively positioned and final resection planes differed by 1.2 ± 1.0 mm, 4.9 ± 6.6°, and 1.8 ± 1.5°, respectively, and by 2.2 ± 0.9 mm, 9.3 ± 9°, and 8.3 ± 6.5° respectively). Differences between intraoperatively planned and final resection planes imply a directional freedom of the saw through the saw slots. Since cutting guides are positioned with millimetre accuracy compared to the virtual plan, the design of the saw slots in the cutting guides needs improvement to allow more accurate resections.     

The oncological and obstetric outcomes of cervical squamous cell carcinoma at stage IA1 managed with the loop electrosurgical excision procedure

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and superiority of loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) in managing stage IA1 cervical microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma (MISCC) without lymph-vascular space invasion (LVSI).Materials and methodsThe oncological and reproductive outcomes of a series of patients affected by stage IA1 MISCC without LVSI, initially treated by LEEP between February 2006 and December 2017, were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsUltimately, 109 patients were included. The mean age at diagnosis was 35.4 years old, and 36 patients were nulliparous. Multifocal lesions were identified in 15 patients (13.8%). The mean cone depth was 17.4 mm. Resection margins were positive/unevaluable and negative in 26 (23.9%) and 83 (76.1%) cases, respectively. Among cases undergoing salvage treatments, the residual disease rate for patients with positive/unevaluable margins was significantly higher than those with negative margins (P = 0.003). During the follow-up period of 43.0 ± 28.9 months, no relapse was identified. Fifteen of 20 patients (75.0%) conceived successfully, with a full-term live birth rate of 93.3%.ConclusionsFor stage IA1 MISCC without LVSI unexpectedly found in a loop excision, initial LEEP with clear margin is efficient and adequate. For cases with multifocal MISCC, or for those young patients who wish to become pregnant in the future, LEEP is the optimal choice.