Basal Cell Carcinoma of the Nipple in a Male Patient: A Particular Case Report

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a common skin cancer worldwide. However, BCC of the nipple and areola complex is rare. Men are more affected than women. Most of the cases were treated with simple excision. We report a case of BCC of the right nipple–areola complex in a 75‐year‐old man, treated with Mohs surgery and simple mastectomy.     

从天到人--《黄帝内经》认识人体的起始角度

《黄帝内经》以“天人合一”作为其医学理论的基础,蕴涵着丰富的中国传统自然哲学思想。认为,“人以天地之气生,四时之法成”。人源于天地,并分享了一些天地的特性,天与人存在某些方面的相似性。并且,人与天也存在一定程度上的相通。以何相通?气也。天人相应,以天作为人的根据,这正是《黄帝内经》认识人体的起始角度。     

What Is a 2021 Reference Body?

The historical 1975 Reference Man is a ‘model’ that had been used as a basis for the calculation of radiation doses, metabolism, pharmacokinetics, sizes for organ transplantation and ergonomic optimizations in the industry, e.g., to plan dimensions of seats and other formats. The 1975 Reference Man was not an average individual of a population; it was based on the multiple characteristics of body compositions that at that time were available, i.e., mainly from autopsy data. Faced with recent technological advances, new mathematical models and socio-demographic changes within populations characterized by an increase in elderly and overweight subjects a timely ‘state-of-the-art’ 2021 Reference Body are needed. To perform this, in vivo human body composition data bases in Kiel, Baton Rouge, San Francisco and Honolulu were analyzed and detailed 2021 Reference Bodies, and they were built for both sexes and two age groups (≤40 yrs and >40 yrs) at BMIs of 20, 25, 30 and 40 kg/m². We have taken an integrative approach to address ‘structure–structure’ and ‘structure–function’ relationships at the whole-body level using in depth body composition analyses as assessed by gold standard methods, i.e., whole body Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and the 4-compartment (4C-) model (based on deuterium dilution, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and body densitometry). In addition, data obtained by a three-dimensional optical scanner were used to assess body shape. The future applications of the 2021 Reference Body relate to mathematical modeling to address complex metabolic processes and pharmacokinetics using a multi-level/multi-scale approach defining health within the contexts of neurohumoral and metabolic control.     

中老年人去皮重睑术187例

目的 探讨中老年人去皮重睑术的操作技巧及应注意的问题.方法 采用切开法重睑成型术.利用美学的黄金分割率设计两条线,两条线之间为去除皮肤的范围.结果 术后随访102例,患者和术者均满意者95例,有5例术后1年皮肤出现轻度下垂,两例轻度外翻,1年后恢复正常.重睑恢复自然时间在1年左右.结论 中老年人的重睑成型术去皮是关键,内外眦部的处理是难点,手术技巧是保证.     

Functional Organization of the Human First and Second Somatosensory Cortices: a Neuromagnetic Study

Multichannel neuromagnetic recordings were used to differentiate signals from the human first (SI) and second (SII) somatosensory cortices and to define representations of body surface in them. The responses from contralateral SI, peaking at 20 – 40 ms, arose mainly from area 3b, where representations of the leg, hand, fingers, lips and tongue agreed with earlier animal studies and with neurosurgical stimulations and recordings on convexial cortex in man. Representations of the five fingers were limited to a cortical strip of ∼2 cm in length. Responses from SII peaked 100 – 140 ms after contra- and ipsilateral stimuli and varied considerably from one subject to another. Signs of somatotopical organization were seen also in SII. Responses of SII were not fully recovered at interstimulus intervals of 8 s.     

Variations of the ultrastructure of neuronal lipofuscin during childhood and adolescence in the human Ammon's horn

The ultrastructure of lipofuscin (Lf) was studied in hippocampal and neocortical neurons of children and youngsters between 3 months and 24 years of age. As a standard, regions CA1 and CA4 of Ammon's horn and the gyrus centralis anterior of the left hemisphere were examined, and the ratio of the two components of Lf, the pigment part, and the usually droplet-like lipid part was looked at. Few and small granules with typical linear structures in the pigment part and little lipid droplets were found as early as at the age of 3 months in all brain regions. There were no morphological differences of Lf in the areas of Ammon's horn up to 3 years, but the Lf ultrastructure in Ammon's horn differed clearly from that in the neocortical region. Differences of Lf between the areas CA1 and CA4 were found to appear at the age of 6-8 years, to have a rather variable pattern between age 11 and about 20 years, and to be relatively constant thereafter. The Lf pigment part consisted of irregularly arranged three laminar linear structures. Some varieties could be seen in the size and shape of the Lf granules and in the lipid/pigment ratio. As to the question of Lf being an “age pigment,” the findings that the number of Lf granules did not further increase after the period of early adolescence was not consistent with the age pigment hypothesis. No regional or age-dependent differences were found in the Lf of astro- and oligodendroglia.     

Level of spinal cord lesion determines locomotor activity in spinal man

Recent studies have demonstrated that coordinated stepping movements can be induced in patients with complete para-/tetraplegia, when they were standing on a moving treadmill with their body weight partially unloaded and external assistance. The aim of this study was to determine which part of the spinal cord generated the locomotor pattern. In patients with complete paraplegia due to lesions at different levels of the spinal cord, the locomotor pattern was compared with that of healthy subjects. Any similarities in electromyographic (EMG) activity of gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscles between the patients and healthy subjects were reflected by the analysis of the variation ratio and amplitudes of the EMG activity. It was found that the higher the level of spinal cord lesion the more ”normal” was the locomotor pattern. This suggests that neuronal circuits underlying locomotor ”pattern generation” in man are not restricted to any specific level(s) of the spinal cord, but that an intricate neuronal network contributing to bipedal locomotion extends from thoracolumbal to cervical levels. Received: 16 October 1998 / Accepted: 21 April 1999     

男男同性性取向相关因素的初步研究

目的了解青年男男同性性行为人群中性取向的形成原因及影响因素。方法采用半结构式的访谈提纲,根据信息饱和原则,对嘉定区自愿咨询检测门诊中男男同性性行为者进行深度访谈。结果受访的32名调查对象年龄20~25周岁,本科及以上学历者27人;32人均认同并接受自己的性取向;可能的影响因素包括:父母离异(8人);幼年时期遭威胁或性侵(3人);与异性交往的挫折经历(13人);从未接受过性教育(26人);接触过有关同性恋方面的书籍、网络和影视作品(31人);听说同学或朋友中有男男性行为(26人),其中5人有被引导发生男男性行为。结论在多元文化的影响下男男同性性取向的形成原因复杂,在性取向形成的关键时期,学校和家长应注重性健康教育,引导树立正确的婚姻观和价值观。