硬膜外间隙注药配合牵引治疗腰椎间盘突出症

目的观察硬膜外间隙注药配合牵引治疗腰椎间盘突出症。方法162例经体查，X线、CT、MRI摄片确诊为腰椎间盘突出症。硬膜外间隙注入利多卡因lmg／kg与强的松龙lmg／kg的混合液10ml，注药1次／7d，3次为一疗程。并行牵引4h／d。结果疗效优良率94．4％。结论此疗效确切。     

A Management of Early CRPS I Caused by Ankle Sprain: A Case Report

Abstract:   We present a case of a 13-year-old boy who developed signs and symptoms of neuropathic pain/early Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) Type I, formerly known as Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy (RSD), after spraining his ankle while wrestling. Aggressive pain control, using medications and sympatholytic blocks, with physical therapy and rehabilitation, led to the resolution of his painful condition. This prevented the disease from possibly progressing to a full-blown case of CRPS I (RSD) that is very challenging to treat.     

后外侧融合对胸腰椎爆裂型骨折疗效的影响

目的 观察后外侧融合对预防胸腰椎爆裂型骨折短节段固定失败的作用及意义。方法 本组60例胸腰椎爆裂型骨折患者，A组30例均为我院收治患者，B组30例均为外院手术来我院复查的患者。A组行短节段内固定自体髂骨植骨、后外侧融合术；B组仅行短节段内固定，未植骨融合。平均随访16个月，在X线侧位片上测量Cobb角、伤椎后凸角及矢状面指数（SI），临床疗效评价采用下腰痛评分法（low back outcome score，LBOS）。结果 手术前、后两组间Cobb角、伤椎后凸角、SI比较，差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05），而末次随访时两组间Cobb角、伤椎后凸角、SI比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。LBOS评分A组的优良率为73％（22／30），B组仅为43％（13／30）。结论 后外侧融合是降低内固定失败、减少纠正丢失等并发症的有效措施，只行内固定而不做植骨融合明显增高了并发症的发生率，是不恰当的手术方式。     

多排螺旋CT椎管造影术前评价腰椎间盘突出症

在脊柱外科手术中腰椎间盘突出症的比例越来越高。而正确的术前评价是保证手术疗效良好的因素之一。本组选择临床诊断腰椎间盘突出症39例,并经低毒低渗非离子型造影剂椎管造影及多排螺旋CT椎管造影(myelography and multi-spiral CTscanning,MSCTM)检查,现就其在腰椎间盘突出症     

Assessing the Stiffness of Spinal Fusion in Animal Models

The clinical goal of spinal fusion is to reduce motion and the associated pain. Therefore, measuring motion under loading is critical. The purpose of this study was to validate four-point bending as a means to mechanically evaluate simulated fusions in dog and rabbit spines. We hypothesized that this method would be more sensitive than manual palpation and would be able to distinguish unilateral vs bilateral fusion. Spines from four mixed breed dogs and four New Zealand white rabbits were used to simulate posterolateral fusion with polymethyl methacrylate as the fusion mass. We performed manual palpation and nondestructive mechanical testing in four-point bending in four planes of motion: flexion, extension, and right and left bending. This testing protocol was used for each specimen in three fusion modes: intact, unilateral, and bilateral fusion. Under manual palpation, all intact spines were rated as not fused, and all unilateral and bilateral simulated fusions were rated as fused. In four-point bending, dog spines were significantly stiffer after unilateral fusion compared with intact in all directions. Additionally, rabbit spines were stiffer in flexion and left bending after unilateral fusion. All specimens exhibited significant differences between intact and bilateral fusion except the rabbit in extension. For unilateral vs bilateral fusion, significant differences were present for right bending in the dog model and for flexion in the rabbit. Unilateral fusion can provide enough stability to constitute a fused grade by manual palpation but may not provide structural stiffness comparable to bilateral fusion.     

腰椎术后切口积液的探讨

[目的]分析后侧入路腰椎术后切口积液产生的原因，探讨积液的分型并确定相应的治疗策略。[方法]白2001年6月～2006年6月本院共开展1986例经后侧入路的腰椎手术。使用内固定的手术877例，未使用内固定手术1109例，比较两组间切口积液的发生率。将发生积液的病人分为Ⅲ型：Ⅰ型：病因明确型，共28例；Ⅱ型：感染型，共11例；Ⅲ型：病因不明确型，共14例。Ⅰ型病人给予穿刺抽液，对因治疗，营养疗法。Ⅱ型病人给予穿刺抽液，清创，手术灌洗和按药敏给予抗生菌治疗。Ⅲ型病人给予穿刺和预防应用抗生素。[结果]使用内固定组的切口积液率（4．33％）高于未使用内固定组（1．35％）P〈0．01。平均住院日：Ⅰ型14．7d，Ⅱ型：87．6d。Ⅲ型：15．6d。[结论]伴随手术过程的复杂化切口积液率明显增高。给积液分型有助于确定有效的治疗方案。Ⅰ型病人予以穿刺抽液和对因治疗。Ⅲ型治疗的关键是防止转化为Ⅱ型。Ⅱ型治疗比较困难，积极的手术干预和按药敏给予抗生菌是两个关键的治疗方法。     

腰椎间盘突出的CT诊断价值

腰椎间盘突出是骨科常见病。CT扫描能够显示间盘组织的直接影像，是诊断间盘病变的重要方法。本文对80例腰间盘突出进行分析，探讨CT对腰间盘突出的诊断价值。1 材料和方法 1.1一般资料 选用临床及CT表现均典型病例80例，男13例，女37例，年龄17岁-74岁，病程最短2d，最长22a,     

前路半椎体切除截骨后路矫形固定治疗严重先天性脊柱侧凸

目的探讨分期前路半椎体切除截骨后路矫形手术治疗严重先天性脊柱侧凸的临床疗效。方法严重先天性脊柱侧凸14例,男4例,女10例;年龄8～13岁,平均11.2岁。其中形成缺陷2例,分节缺陷6例,混合型6例。半椎体位于T53例,T2、T8、T10、T11、L1、L4各1例。胸弯12例,胸腰弯2例。术前冠状面Cobb角63°～95°,平均72.1°。胸椎后凸减小或前凸8例,胸腰段后凸4例。一期采用前路半椎体切除、多节段椎体间楔形截骨及分节不全松解;二期采用后路椎弓根钉棒系统三维矫形固定。前后路手术均植骨,平均截骨5.5个节段。结果一期前路术后冠状面Cobb角48°～60°,平均51.5°;矫正率19.6%～37.8%,平均28.6%。二期术后冠状面Cobb角5°～45°,平均30.5°;矫正率52.6%～87.5%,平均62.5%。8例存在胸椎后凸减小或前凸的患者均恢复生理性后凸,4例胸腰段后凸患者3例达到矢状面矫正。全部病例随访8～30个月,平均12.1个月。无断钉、断棒及明显的矫正度丢失,植骨融合良好。发生并发症2例,椎弓根钉帽松动1例,T1神经根激惹1例。结论一期前路半椎体切除、多节段椎体间楔形截骨、分节不全松解,二期后路矫形固定及前后路植骨治疗先天性脊柱侧凸能够达到较满意的矫形效果,适合于8～12岁的青春期前患者。     

胸腰段椎间盘突出症诊断的临床研究

目的探讨胸腰段椎间盘突出症临床表现的特点与规律，提高胸腰段椎间盘突出症的诊断水平。方法回顾性分析1995年9月～2004年1月我院经X线、CT、MRI及手术证实的胸腰段椎间盘突出症65例的临床资料，并将其分为低位胸椎组（T10-T12L1）43例，高位腰椎组（L1-2-L2-3）16例，多节段突出组6例。结果躯体感觉障碍89．2％（58／65）和下肢无力83．1％（54／65）是最多见的症状。9．2％（6／65）表现为上运动神经元损害，47．7％（31／65）表现为下运动神经元损害，43．1％（28／65）表现为上、下运动神经元混合性损害。仅3例为单根神经根损害，其余表现为多根神经或马尾神经的损害。腰背痛44．6％（29／65）和下肢无力40．0％（26／65）是最常见的首发症状。低位胸椎间盘突出以混合性运动神经元损害为主，占58．1％（25／43），易导致行走障碍、足下垂、下肢肌张力升高和病理征阳性；而高位腰椎间盘突出则以下运动神经元损害为主，占93．8％（15／16），易造成腰背、下肢疼痛及马尾神经损害。结论胸腰段椎间盘突出症的症状广泛、体征多样，当临床上存在以下情况时应高度怀疑胸腰段椎间盘突出症：①大腿前方、外侧或腹股沟部位出现感觉障碍者；②下肢无力，股四头肌，胫前肌肌力减退者（如足下垂）；③下肢运动或感觉障碍范围广泛、不规则，缺乏根性分布特征者；④上、下运动神经元损害同时存在，或虽表现为下运动神经元损害，但难以用低位腰椎间盘突出症解释者。