精液白细胞水平与C反应蛋白水平的相关性分析

目的通过测定84例患者精液中的白细胞水平与c反应蛋白（CRP）值，探讨两者间的相关性，以期了解两者之间是否存在必然联系，说明是否可以通过CRP检测来代替白细胞水平的检测。方法收集门诊84例患者的精液标本，对其进行白细胞水平的检测及CRP的测定，将两者进行统计学回归分析。结果5组不同WBC水平的精液标本结果示WBC水平越高，CRP的均值水平也越高，组间比较示各组的CRP均值水平从低WBC水平组到高WBC水平组存在显著性差异。结论精液CRP水平与WBC水平呈正相关，CRP定量检查有助于辅助临床诊断。     

Suboptimal recognition of a T cell epitope of the major dog allergen Can f 1 by human T cells

We have previously proposed that mammalian lipocalin allergens are recognized suboptimally by the human immune system due to their homology with endogenous lipocalins. Here, we have characterized in detail the human T cell recognition of one of the previously identified T cell epitopes of the major dog allergen Can f 1, contained in peptide p105–120. A panel of peptide analogues (altered peptide ligands, APLs) of p105–120 was tested on two specific T cell clones restricted by different human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles. Interestingly, we identified for both of the clones several heteroclitic APLs that were capable of stimulating them at 10–30-fold lower concentrations than the natural peptide. Moreover, one of the heteroclitic APLs identified with the T cell clones, L115F, was observed to induce a stronger polyclonal T cell response than the natural allergen peptide from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of six Can f 1-allergic subjects studied. The heteroclitic APLs bound with the same affinity as p105–120 to common HLA-DR- and HLA-DP-alleles, suggesting that their improved stimulatory capacity is attributable to a more efficient T cell receptor (TCR) recognition rather than increased HLA binding. Collectively, our data suggest that p105–120 is recognized suboptimally by human T cells. This may contribute to the allergenicity of Can f 1.     

The new HLA-Cw*0442 allele possibly generated by a recombination event involving Cw*04010101 and Cw*1801

A new human leukocyte antigen-C (HLA-C) allele Cw*0442 was identified in a Spanish Caucasian patient by sequencing-based typing (SBT). HLA-Cw*0442 differs from Cw*04010101 by three amino acid replacements at positions 9 (S>D), 11 (S>A), and 14 (W>R).     

Mapping of susceptibility locus for endometriosis within the HLA region using microsatellite markers in Japanese women

Abstract
Endometriosis is a female disorder characterized by the presence of uterine endometrial tissue in ectopic loci. Previous studies reported a higher prevalence of particular human leukocyte antigen (HLA) in endometriosis. In order to confirm the association between endometriosis and the HLA region, 15 polymorphic microsatellite markers distributed in the HLA class II to class III region were subjected to association analysis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based DNA typing of 89 patients and 136 healthy controls. Statistical analysis of the allelic frequency at each microsatellite locus showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the allele frequency distributions between the cases and controls. This finding suggests that the etiology of endometriosis does not involve the HLA class II genomic region and a portion of class III genomic region in the Japanese population.     

测序确定人类白细胞抗原新等位基因DRB1*1461

目的 确定HLA-DR位点的一个新等位基因.方法 应用聚合酶链反应-序列分型(polymerase chain reaction sequence-based typing,PCR-SBT)方法对1例白血病患者HLA-DR位点进行基因分型.结果 新等位基因碱基序列与已知的HLA-DR位点的等位基因都不相同,同源性最高是HLA-DRBl*1404,只有1个碱基的差别,以第2外显子第1位为起点,第33位T→C,17位密码子编码的氨基酸由酪氨酸(Tyr)变为组氨酸(His).结论 该等位基因为HLA-DR位点新等位基因,2006年5月被世界卫生组织命名委员会正式命名HLA-DRB1*1461.     

福建汉族人群HLA-DRB1等位基因多态性研究

目的调查福建汉族人群HLA-DRB1等位基因的多态性。方法应用寡核苷酸基因芯片分型技术对福建地区620名汉族人群进行HLA-DRB1位点的基因分型。结果在HLA-DRB1位点共检出了14种等位基因,基因频率较高的依次为DRB1*09、12、15、04、08。结论福建汉族HLA-DRB1等位基因多态性与南方汉族人群相近,但也有其独特的特点。     

兰州地区汉族人群HLA-A、B和DRB1等位基因多态性分析

目的分析兰州地区汉族人群HLA-A、B和DRB1位点等位基因多态性特点。方法采用序列特异性引物聚合酶链反应技术对兰州地区200名健康无血缘关系的汉族个体HLA-A、B和DRB1基因座进行分型，并与西北、北方和南方汉族、西北回族、维吾尔族和藏族人群进行比较。结果兰州汉族人群中HLA-A基因座共检出14个等位基因，以A＊02，A＊11，A＊24，A＊33，A＊30，A＊01和A＊31基因最常见；HLA—B基因座共检出32个等位基因，以B＊40，B＊15，B＊46，B＊13，B＊51，B＊60，B＊58和B＊44基因最为常见；HLA-DRB1基因座共检出13个等位基因，最多见的基因依次为DRB1＊09．DRB＊15，DRB1＊12，DRB1＊04，DRB1＊11，DRB1＊07，DRB1＊08和DRB1＊14，接近北方汉族而与南方汉族有差异，与西北回族无明显差异，但与西北维吾尔族和藏族差异有统计学意义。结论兰州地区汉族人群HLA-A、B和DRB1位点等位基因多态性与南、北汉族人群存在不同程度的差异，与西北维吾尔族和藏族差异显著。     

HLA-DRB1及HLA-DQA1单倍型与乙型肝炎病毒感染结局的关联研究

目的探讨中国北方汉族人群HLA-DRB1、DQA1单倍型与乙型肝炎病毒（hepatitis B virus，HBV）感染不同结局的关系。方法采用序列特异性引物聚合酶链反应（sequence specific primers polymerase chain reaction，PCR-SSP）技术检测HLA-DRB1、DQA1等位基因，并比较207例慢性乙型肝炎患者，212名无症状HBV慢性携带者（HBV携带者），148例自限性HBV感染者的单倍型频率。结果自限性HBV感染组单倍型DRB1＊04-DQA1＊0301的频率为10．03％，显著高于慢性乙肝组的3．66％（P=0．0005）：DRB1＊15／＊16-DQA1＊0102的频率为6．80％，显著高于慢性乙肝组的1．94％（P=0．0012）和无症状HBV慢性携带者组的1．65％（P=0．004）；DRB1＊04-DQA1＊0302单倍型在慢性乙型肝炎组的频率为3．10％，明显高于自限性HBV感染组的0．39％（P=0．0077）。结论HLA-DRB1、DQA1单倍型与个体感染HBV后的不同结局存在显著关联。     

Analysis of the HLA-A,-B allele polymorphism in 5844 umbilical cord blood samples taken from Han population of Shandong province

To investigate the HLA-A, -B allele polymorphism in Han population of Shandong province and to explore the possibility to find out the HLA-A, -B-matched cord blood donors for stem cell transplantation to be used in other area in China, 5844 umbilical cord blood samples were taken from Han population donors of Shandong province, and assayed with PCR-sequence-oligonucleotide (PCR-SSO) assay. In Shandong Han donors, 20 alleles at HLA-A locus and 46 alleles at HLA-B locus could be detected as revealed in the present study. Among the 20 alleles at HLA-A locus, the most prevalent five alleles included A * 02(0.3041), A * 11(0.1443), A * 24(0.1434), A * 30(0.0975) and A * 33(0.0859), while, the alleles with lower gene frequencies included A * 34(0.0006), A * 25 (0.0005), A*66(0.0005), A* 74(0.0004) and A* (0.0001). Of the 46 HLA-B alleles detected, the most prevalent five alleles were B * 13(0.1348), B * 51(0.0713), B * 62(0.0712), B * 61 (0.0676) and B * 60(0.0642); while alleles with lower gene frequencies included B * 77(0.0001), B * 76(0.0002), B * 47(0.0003), B * 42(0.0003) and B * 72(0.0004). In comparison with those of the other Han population in China, the HLA-A, -B gene frequencies in the umbilical cord blood of Shandong province possess unique distribution features among the investigated populations from various regions of the same race origin, and the differences in various regions of the same race were less than those among the different race. It is evident that the HLA-A,-B alleles of the umbilical cord blood taken in Shangdong province show high degree of polymorphism, and it might be part of those of Northern Han population in China. So, it is reasonable for patients of Northern Chinese to receive HLA class I -match transplant of cord blood stem cells for tissue and organ transplantation from Shangdong umbilical cord blood bank.     

Role of host immune responses in sequence variability of HIV-1 Vpu

Viral protein U(Vpu) is an accessory protein associated with two main functions important in human immunodeficiency virus type 1(HIV-1) replication and dissemination; these are down-regulation of CD4 receptor through mediating its proteasomal degradation and enhancement of virion release by antagonizing tetherin/BST2. It is also well established that Vpu is one of the most highly variable proteins in the HIV-1 proteome. However it is still unclear what drives Vpu sequence variability, whether Vpu acquires polymorphisms as a means of immune escape, functional advantage, or otherwise. It is assumed that the host-pathogen interaction is a cause of polymorphic phenotype of Vpu and that the resulting functional heterogeneity of Vpu may have critical significance in vivo. In order to comprehensively understand Vpu variability, it is important to integrate at the population level the genetic associationapproaches to identify specific amino acid residues and the immune escape kinetics which may impose Vpu functional constraints in vivo. This review will focus on HIV-1 accessory protein Vpu in the context of its sequence variability at population level and also bring forward evidence on the role of the host immune responses in driving Vpu sequence variability; we will also highlight the recent findings that illustrate Vpu functional implication in HIV-1 pathogenesis.