大学生自我接纳与自我和谐的关系

目的:了解大学生自我接纳与自我和谐的现状以及两者之间的关系,为心理健康教育提供教学参考。方法:采用自我接纳量表和自我和谐量表,对南京某两所大学大一至大四880名学生进行问卷调查。结果:在本研究中大学生自我和谐程度优于全国常模,符合心理健康的标准,在性别、生源地和是否独生上没有显著差异。自我接纳总分与自我和谐总分显著负相关(r=-0.597,P0.01);自我接纳因子和自我的灵活性、自我与经验的不和谐、自我的刻板性3个因子相关性显著(r=0.265,-0.612,-0.230;P0.01);自我评价因子和自我的灵活性、自我与经验的不和谐、自我的刻板性3个因子相关性显著(r=0.237,-0.442,-0.097;P0.01)。回归分析表明,自我接纳因子和自我评价因子均对自我和谐有正向预测作用。结论:自我接纳是影响大学生自我和谐的重要因素。     

广泛性焦虑量表在军人群体应用中的信度和效度

目的:检验广泛性焦虑量表(GAD-7)在军人群体中的信度与效度。方法:采用分层随机抽样方法抽取553名军人完成GAD-7、患者健康问卷抑郁症状群量表(PHQ-9)的评定;随机抽取113名接受美国精神障碍诊断和统计手册第4版临床定式访谈(Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV,SCID),并计算GAD-7的信度系数、敏感度、特异度等。结果:GAD-7的内部一致性系数为0.876;GAD-7与PHQ-9总分相关系数为0.653。在与SCID比较时,GAD-7的灵敏度为92.3%,特异度为90.5%,Kappa值为0.847(P0.05)。ROC曲线中,在GAD-7截点值取10分时,灵敏度和特异度分别为89%和82%,曲线下面积为91.7%。结论:GAD-7在军人群体应用中具有较好的信度和效度。     

中学生自我表达问卷的编制

目的:编制适用于学校教育的中学生自我表达问卷。方法:在综合国内外相关研究的基础上建构中学生自我表达理论模型,进行深度访谈,并据此编制中学生自我表达问卷;然后采用项目分析、探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析形成正式问卷。结果:中学生自我表达问卷共19个项目,由情绪自我表达、学业自我表达、身体自我表达、社会自我表达4个因子构成。各因子及总量表的Cronbachα系数和分半信度分别为0.60~0.84、0.62~0.79。验证性因素分析显示,模型拟合指标χ2/df=2.68,RMSEA=0.047,GFI=0.95,AGFI=0.93,IFI=0.91,CFI=0.91,均符合心理测量学指标。中学生自我表达问卷总分与自我描述问卷总分相关为0.48(P0.01)。结论:该问卷具有良好的信、效度,可用于进一步研究。     

Left ventricular function in mitral valve prolapse: Assessment with radionuclide cineangiography

Abnormalities of left ventricular contraction in patients with mitral valve prolapse have suggested a myocardial factor in this disease. To determine systolic left ventricular function in mitral valve prolapse, technetium-99m gated equilibrium radionuclide cineangiography was performed in 47 patients with this diagnosis. In 39 patients without mitral regurgitation the average ejection fraction was normal at rest (average [± standard error of the mean] 57 ± 3 percent, normal 57 ± 1 percent, difference not significant) and exceeded the lower limits of normal in all but 1 patient, whose ejection fraction was 41 percent. However, ejection fraction during maximal exercise was lower for the group of patients with mitral prolapse without mitral regurgitation than for normal subjects (average 64 ± 2 percent, normal 71 ± 2 percent, p < 0.005). In eight patients with mitral prolapse and mitral regurgitation, the average ejection fraction was normal at rest but was diminished with exercise in comparison with both normal subjects and patients with mitral valve prolapse without mitral regurgitation. Chest pain, arrhythmia and the pattern or extent of mitral valve prolapse on echocardlography were not independently associated with impaired left ventricular functional reserve. We conclude that, although many patients with mitral valve prolapse have normal left ventricular function, there is a subgroup without mitral regurgitation in whom diminished left ventricular functional reserve is suggestive of a cardiomyopathic process.     

Treatment of sarcoid meningitis with radiotherapy

We report a case of sarcoid meningitis associated with grand mal seizures. The patient failed to respond to corticosteroid therapy but showed improvement of symptoms, resulte of computed tomographic scan, and cerebrospinal fluid after receiving low-dose whole-brain irradiation. This form of sarcoldosis is associated with a poor prognosis, and therapy, even with corticosteroids, is generally unsuccessful.     

A Summary and Critical Assessment of the 2013 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Treatment of Blood Cholesterol to Reduce Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Adults: Filling the Gaps

The American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) Task Force on Practice Guidelines has recently released the new cholesterol treatment guideline. This update was based on a systematic review of the evidence and replaces the previous guidelines from 2002 that were widely accepted and implemented in clinical practice. The new cholesterol treatment guideline emphasizes matching the intensity of statin treatment to the level of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk and replaces the old paradigm of pursuing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol targets. The new guideline also emphasizes the primacy of the evidence base for statin therapy for ASCVD risk reduction and lists several patient groups that will not benefit from statin treatment despite their high cardiovascular risk, such as those with heart failure (New York Heart Association class II-IV) and patients undergoing hemodialysis. The guideline has been received with mixed reviews and significant controversy. Because of the evidence-based nature of the guideline, there is room for several questions and uncertainties on when and how to use lipid-lowering therapy in clinical practice. The goal of the Mayo Clinic Task Force in the assessment, interpretation, and expansion of the ACC/AHA cholesterol treatment guideline is to address gaps in information and some of the controversial aspects of the newly released cholesterol management guideline using additional sources of evidence and expert opinion as needed to guide clinicians on key aspects of ASCVD risk reduction.     

Relationship Between Arterial Blood Pressure Disturbances and Alpha Adrenoceptor Density

To investigate the influence of blood pressure disturbances on human platelet alpha2-adrenoceptor density, we studied 7 normotensive Parkinsonians with orthostatic hypotension and 23 mild essential hypertensive patients. Plasma catecholamine levels were measured by HPLC and alpha2-adrenoceptor number and affinity determined by [3H]-yohimbine binding. Alpha-adrenergic reactivity was investigated by blood pressure response to noradrenaline infusion in Parkinsonians and by adrenaline-induced platelet aggregation in hypertensive patients. In Parkinsonians with orthostatic hypotension, in comparison with Parkinsonians without orthostatic hypotension and normotensive control subjects age and sex matched, noradrenaline plasma levels were significantly lower (62 ±11, 195 ±14 and 219 ±13 pg. ml^?1 respectively, p < 0.05), platelet alpha2—adrenoceptor     

Lifestyle and Hypertension—An Overview

Dietary and other life style factors play a major role in the prevalence of hypertension. Many of the behaviours likely to reduce blood pressure also have independent beneficial effects on other cardiovascular risk tactors to general health and survival. This is particularly the case with weight control, exercise, dietary patterns characterised by a low intake of saturated fat and a high intake of fruit, vegetables and fish and moderation of heavy alcohol consumption. High salt intakes remain a major contributor to hypertension, especially when potassium intake is low. Smoking has a dominant effect in increasing cardiovascular risk in hypertensives. Clustering of risk factors is often associated with clustering of unhealthy lifestyle characteristics and both are most prominent in lower socio-economic groups and in Developing Countries adopting a more sedentary lifestyle and Western diet patterns. Recent trials suggest substantial cardiovascular benefits by a combination of weight control and sodium moderation in the elderly, by non-vegetarian diets rich in fruit and vegetables and low in saturated fat, and by incorporation of regular fish meals into weight control diets.     

Antigen Presentation by Kupffer Cells in the Rat

Sprague-Dawley rats were immunized with liver-specific protein (LSP), and the functions of isolated Kupffer cells, as accessory cells and antigen-presenting cells, were examined. More than 70% of the cells showed phagocytic activity for latex particles. The proliferative response of spleen lymphocytes stimulated with con- canavalin A was lost in the absence of macrophages but was restored by the addition of Kupffer cells. In vitro stimulation with LSP induced binding of lymphocytes to Kupffer cells and enhanced ³H-thymidine incorporation when lymphocytes were incubated with Kupffer cells from immunized rats. These results indicated that Kupffer cells can act both as accessory cells and as antigen-presenting cells for LSP.     

Budd——Chiari综合征手术的麻醉处理

本文总结了30例布加综合征手术的麻醉处理,指出静吸复合麻醉,有便于呼吸道管理、循环维持稳定、苏醒快等优点。指出严密监测血流动力学,加强循环管理是对该病手术麻醉工作的重点。总结并讨论了在下腔静脉开放前,适时强心、利尿、扩血管,对防止开放后 Pcop 剧增、予防术后发生心衰与肺水肿的经验体会。