痢疾后Reiter′s综合征

Reiter's综合征是以感染后尿道炎、结膜炎和关节炎为主的一组临床综合征。病因尚不清楚。国内常见为痢疾后型。本组三例临床特征与国内外文献报道相符。目前认为:80％是因HLA——B27阳性异常免疫反应所致。皮质类固醇激素及其他抗炎药物对大部分病例有较好的疗效。     

用人时测量发病率存在问题分析

目前用人时测量发病率的方法考虑了动态人群的流动数量及观察时间。但是,没有考虑人群的流动速度对发病率的影响。本文分析了流行平衡的动态人群的流动速度(V)与人群平均暴露时间(t′)的关系,导出公式(t′)=1/V,即人群流动速度与平均暴露时间成反比。据此,本文认为在暴露时间长短对发病率有影响的情况下,不考虑人群的流动速度,直接用目前人时计算方法测量发病率可能造成偏差。     

灰毡毛忍冬化学成分的研究

从灰毡毛忍冬(Lonicera mocranthoide Hand. -Mazz.)花的乙醇提取物的正丁醇溶解部分分得三个常春藤皂甙元的双糖链甙,其中一个为已知化合物川续断皂甙乙(dipsacoside B,Ⅰ);另外两个为新化合物,分别命名为灰毡毛忍冬皂甙甲(macranthoidin A,Ⅱ)和灰毡毛忍冬皂甙(nmcranthoidin B,Ⅲ),两者的次级皂甙灰毡毛忍冬次皂甙甲(macranthoside A,Ⅱb)和灰毡毛忍冬次皂甙乙(macranthoside B,Ⅲb),亦未见报道。     

Relationship of Auer rods and chromosome findings to outcome in eighty-nine adults with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia

We performed cytogenetic analyses using banding techniques on 89 adults with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia prior to receiving protocol chemotherapy. The relationships of cytogenetic findings both to outcome and to other pretreatment variables (particularly the presence or absence of Auer rods) were analyzed. Patients were followed up to 90+ months. When patients were grouped according to cytogenetic findings (NN: all normal metaphases; AA: all abnormal metaphases; AN: both normal and abnormal metaphases; F: no evaluable metaphases; I: insufficient (less than three) metaphases) no significant differences were noted with regard to age, sex, terminal transferase positivity, complete remission rate, remission duration or survival. The marrow aspirates of patients with only normal (69%) metaphases or no evaluable metaphases (64%) were more likely to display Auer rods than specimens from individuals with only abnormal (26%) or a mixture of normal and abnormal (42%) metaphases (p = 0.03). The presence of Auer rods in the pretreatment marrow aspirate was associated with an increased complete remission rate (71% vs 41%, p = 0.004), median remission duration (12 months vs 9 months, p = 0.02), and median survival (13 months vs 4 months, p = 0.01). Using multivariable analyses, the presence or absence of Auer rods was the pretreatment factor that most significantly predicted response and survival in this group of patients. The presence of a normal karyotype in the initial cytogenetic preparation is associated with the presence of Auer rods. The finding of Auer rods in the initial bone marrow predicts greater response and longer survival in acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia.     

扑尔敏—PVC膜电极的制备及其应用

An ion selective electrode for chlorpheniramine (CP) was studied. The PVC(polyvinyl chloride)matrix membrane was prepared by the CP-tetraphenylborate salt, dibutyl phthalate and 10% PVC-tetrahydrofuran solution in weight ratio of 0.007:0.69:3.0. The CP ion electrode shows Nernstian range from 1×10-2 to 1×10^-5M in the pH range of 5～7, with an average slope of 56.0±0.1 mV/decade. Paracetamol (4-acetamidophenol), aminopyrine, caffeine, moroxydine, sodium benzoate etc do not interfere, whereas phenergan (promethazine) ion interferes. The electrode is useful as an indicator for the precipitation titration of CP and some of its preparations with sodium tetraphenylborate.     

The inhibitory effect of cadmium on neuromuscular transmission in the rat.

Cadmium (0.125-1 mM) was found to inhibit the isometric response of the isolated rat hemidiaphragm during indirect stimulation, but not during direct stimulation. This effect of cadmium (1 mM) was completely reversed by ethyleneglycol bis-(aminoethyl)-N,N,N',N'-tetra-acetic acid (2 mM) or by L-cysteine (2 mM) but only partially by increased calcium. Cadmium (10 micronM) significantly reduced the quantal release of transmitter in the isolated phrenic diaphragm and a concentration of 0.1 mM frequently caused a complete failure of the endplate response after 30 min. The effect of cadmium on neuromuscular transmission could not be readily reversed by washing with cadmium-free solution. Miniature endplate potential frequency and amplitude were not significantly affected by cadmium (0.1 or 0.5 mM). The results suggest that the effect of cadmium on the isolated phrenic nerve-diaphragm is due largely to inhibition of calcium function at presynaptic nerve terminals.     

Culturing spinal cord explants in a collagen gel

A new method for culturing spinal cord slices or explants is presented which entails the use of a commercially available purified collagen, Vitrogen. Vitrogen provides a stable three-dimensional matrix for culturing spinal cord explants which is superior to the conventional method of applying explants to moist dishes coated with rat tail collagen. The use of Vitrogen facilitated the culturing of spinal cord explants which remain viable for over 2 1/2 weeks in culture, in addition to enhancing neuritic growth.     

Partial short arm deletions of the X chromosome and spontaneous pubertal development in girls with short stature.

Five additional examples of partial deletion of the short arm of the X chromosome are reported. All of the patients had short stature. The presence of the other stigmata of Turner syndrome, including ovarian dysfunction, appeared to depend on the location of the deletion. Chromosomal analysis of girls with short stature (less than 140 cm), normal pubertal development, and regular menses may reveal that minor deletions of the short arm of the X chromosome are more frequent than has been previously reported.