经皮穿刺神经末梢冷冻治疗跟痛的应用解剖

为给神经末梢冷冻治疗跟痛提供穿刺定位依据,在52侧下肢中对跟内侧支和跟外侧支的体表投影进行了观测。跟内侧支约有69.8%通过内踝跟结节线的中份,另有28.3%跟内侧支起于该线中份下方距离7.3mm处;跟外侧支约有70.2%通过外踝跟结节线的中份,另有22.8%跟外侧支起于该线下方距离5.8mm 处。据此冷冻治疗跟痛的进针部位可以选在内、外踝与跟结节连线的中份下方垂直距离5mm 处。     

带臂外侧上皮神经及其营养血管筋膜皮瓣的应用解剖

目的:为带臂外侧上皮神经及其营养血管筋膜皮瓣提供解剖学基础.方法:32例经灌注红色乳胶的成人上肢标本,对臂外侧上皮神经及其营养血管等进行了较详细的应用解剖学研究.结果:臂外侧上皮神经在均由腑神经发出,起点横径为1.5±0.4mm,在三角肌深方斜向外下3.6±1.1cm从该肌后缘中1/3浅出肌间隔,分为上支和下支,分布于三角肌后部、外侧部和臂外侧上部.该神经的营养血管起源于旋肱后动脉,起点外径为0.9±0.4mm;其行程、分支和分布均同在神经,供血范因为14.8×9.8cm~2,并与周围的皮动脉存在丰富吻合.结论:带臂外侧上皮神经及其营养血管筋膜皮 瓣可视受区需要设计成游离瓣或旋转瓣,用于修复邻近部位、手或颌面部缺损.     

Morphology of geniculocortical axons in turtles of the genera Pseudemys and Chrysemys

Summary An analysis has been made of the morphology of axons in the geniculocortical pathway of turtles using the anterograde transport of horseradish peroxidase in both in vivo and in vitro preparations. Following injections of HRP into the dorsolateral thalamus, labeled axons could be traced from the dorsal lateral geniculate complex to the telencephalon. They are unbranched and free of varicosities within the diencephalon. They travel in the dorsal peduncle of the lateral forebrain bundle, through the basal telencephalon and dorsally into the pallial thickening. Many axons are situated deep in the pallial thickening and bear numerous varicosities that often appear apposed to the proximal dendrites or somata of neurons retrogradely labeled by thalamic injections of horseradish peroxidase. Individual axons continue from the pallial thickening into the dorsal cortex where they shift dorsally and bear varicosities as they course from lateral to medial in the superficial third of layer 1. These data indicate that the terminal zone of the dorsal lateral geniculate complex within the telencephalon of turtles is more extensive in the mediolateral direction than previously believed. Geniculate axons bear varicosities both within the pallial thickening as well as the dorsal cortex, but have different relationships to potential postsynaptic elements in the two areas. Geniculocortical axons overlie somata and proximal dendrites of neurons in the pallial thickening, but intersect the distal dendrites of neurons in the dorsal cortex.     

Occurrence of secretogranin II in the prolactin-immunoreactive neurons of the rat lateral hypothalamus: an in situ hybridization and immunocytochemical study

The occurrence of secretogranin II in a neuron population of the rat lateral hypothalamus specifically detected by an anti-serum to ovine prolactin was examined. As this population was previously reported to synthesize dynorphin, the distribution of neurons recognized by ovine prolactin-, dynorphin B- and secretogranin II anti-sera was investigated on adjacent sections of hypothalami. The prolactin immunoreactive neurons were the only cells in the lateral hypothalamus to be stained by secretogranin II anti-serum. Moreover, coupling immunocytochemical detection and in situ hybridization with an oligonucleotide probe complementary to secretogranin II mRNA showed that these neurons expressed the secretogranin II gene. These new findings should help to study the physiological role of the prolactin immunoreactive neurons of the lateral hypothalamus.     

Structural Characteristics and Development of Ampullary Organs in Acipenser naccarii

Ampullary organs of Acipenser naccarii sturgeons were examined by optical and electronic microscopy (transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy) from hatching until 1 month later when the juvenile phase is completely established. It was observed that, when A. naccarii begins to feed actively, the ultrastructural characteristics of ampullary organs already correspond to those of adult animals. These organs may, therefore, be functional and, together with taste buds, facilitate food search after exhaustion of yolk sac food reserves. Mature ampullary organs of A. naccarii are formed by an ampulla that communicates with the exterior by means of a short channel. These ampullae correspond to the sensory portion of these receptors and are formed by two cell types: receptor cells and support cells. Receptor cells present a kinocilium on their free surface and establish ribbon synapses with axon nerve endings that arise from the underlying conjunctive tissue. Support cells enclose receptor cells, bear stereocilia and occasional cilia, and are of a secretory nature. The mucus associated with ampullary organs mainly comprises neutral mucopolysaccharides, whereas mucopolysaccharides are usually acid in other fish groups. Anat Rec, 290:1178–1189, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

以腓动脉终末穿支为蒂的皮瓣应用解剖

在33侧成人标本上,观察了以腓动脉的终末穿支为蒂的外踝上皮瓣血供。腓动脉终末穿支在外踝上方5.9cm 处,穿出骨间膜,外径为1.7mm,本干长为0.7cm,分为升支和降支、有91%的个体,以穿动脉的升支为蒂,设计为外踝上皮瓣:以穿动脉的降支为蒂,设计为足外侧皮瓣。在9%的个体中,腓动脉穿支细小,不能作为皮瓣的血管蒂,只能改用外踝前动脉升支为蒂的外踝上皮瓣.     

Tissue remodeling of rat pulmonary artery in hypoxic breathing. I. Changes of morphology, zero-stress state, and gene expression

The remodeling of the pulmonary arterial tissue in response to a step change of the oxygen concentration in the gas in which a rat lives was recorded as function of time and function of O₂ concentration. Three steps of changing from 20.9% to 17.2%, 13.6%, and 10% O₂ were imposed. Earlier work in our laboratory has shown that pulmonary arterial tissue remodeling is significant in the first 24 h after a step change of oxygen tension. Hence we made measurements in this period. Furthermore, data were obtained for tissue remodeling of circumferential and axial lengths of the pulmonary arteries. We recorded the activities of gene expressions in the lung tissues by microarray, determined the dose response curves of gene expression in the homogenized whole lungs with respect to four levels of O₂ concentration, and obtained the time courses of gene expression in the lung parenchyma in 30 days after a step decrease of O₂ concentration from 20.9% to 10%. We would like to suggest that the correlation of gene expression with physiological function parameters, i.e., time, O₂ tension, blood pressure, opening angle, wall thicknesses, etc., is the way to narrow down the search for specific genes for specific physiological functions. © 2001 Biomedical Engineering Society. PAC01: 8719Uv     

Microsurgical anatomy of VII and VIII cranial nerves and related arteries in the cerebellopontine angle

Summary The relationships of VII and VIII cranial nerves and related arteries are reviewed in 26 preparations by microdissection techniques. These vessels may be grouped in large (AICA, PICA), medium (LA, SA, CSA, RPI) and small calibre (vasa nervorum, radicullar and medullar branches). The importance of these structures in acoustic neuroma surgery, vestibular neurectomy and cross-compression syndromes is discussed. Vascular loops and elongated arteries are normal structures present at birth.This work was supported by a grant from the AJ Roemmers Foundation     

Development of the retinal pathway to the pretectum of the cat

The development of retinal projections to the pretectal complex of prenatal and early postnatal cats has been examined using the anterograde transport of horseradish peroxidase and tritiated amino acids. As early as embryonic day 38, the entire dorsal pretectum is penetrated by retinal ganglion cell axons. At this stage the bilateral complement of retinal efferents appears to be dispersed uniformly within the pretectal anlage. A week later, on embryonic day 46, indistinct foci of peroxidase reaction product can be discerned within 2 of the primordial nuclei: the nucleus of the optic tract and the olivary nucleus. By embryonic day 56, five distinct bilateral fields of retinal fiber termination are apparent within the following regions:

(i) the nucleus of the optic tract;

(ii) the pretectal olivary nucleus;

(iii) the posterior pretectal nucleus;

(iv) the anterior pretectal nucleus; and

(v) the medial pretectal nucleus. Four days before birth, on embryonic day 61, crossed and uncrossed retinal arbors are partially segregated within the nucleus of the optic tract and the pretectal olivary nucleus.

The early postnatal retinal connection to the pretectum has an overall pattern virtually indistinguishable from that of the mature cat. The ontogeny of the retinal influx to the pretectum is similar to that of the retinocollicular projection.⁶¹ However, the development of retinal projections to the pretectum and superior colliculus appears to lag behind those to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus.⁴⁹ These differences may reflect temporal and spatial gradients in the maturation of three major classes of retinal ganglion cells.