清开灵滴丸对家兔感染性退热作用的研究

目的：为进一步确定清开灵滴丸对家兔感染性发热的退热效果。方法：选用新西兰大耳白家兔56只，分7组，设对照、比较、观察3组，测出每只家兔基础体温，用伤寒、副伤寒甲乙三联茁液静脉注射致热。观察组分别灌服清开灵滴丸水溶液，依次在30、60、120、180、240和300min时测出每只家兔体温，按组记录。结果：家兔致热前后体温对比差异有显著性(P＜0．01)，灌服清开灵滴丸前后体温比较差异有非常显著性(P＜0．01)，各给药组体温与对照组相应时间的体温比较差异有非常显著性(P＜0．01)。结论：清开灵滴丸对家兔感染性发热有明显的退热作用。     

Pilot randomised controlled trial of face-down positioning following macular hole surgery

Objective

This was a pilot randomised controlled trial (RCT) to investigate the effect of post-operative face-down positioning on the outcome of macular hole surgery and to inform the design of a larger definitive study.

Methods

In all, 30 phakic eyes of 30 subjects with idiopathic full-thickness macular holes underwent vitrectomy with dye-assisted peeling of the ILM and 14% perfluoropropane gas. Subjects were randomly allocated to posture face down for 10 days (posturing group) or to avoid a face-up position only (non-posturing group). The primary outcome was anatomical hole closure.

Results

Macular holes closed in 14 of 15 eyes (93.3% 95% confidence interval (CI) 68–100%) in the posturing group and in 9 of 15 (60% 95% CI 32–84%) in the non-posturing group. In a subgroup analysis of outcome according to macular hole size, all holes smaller than 400 μm closed regardless of posturing (100%). In contrast, holes larger than 400 μm closed in 10 of 11 eyes (91% 95% CI 58–99%) in the posturing group and in only 4 of 10 eyes (40% 95% CI 12–74%) in the non-posturing group (Fisher''s exact test P=0.02).

Conclusion

Post-operative face-down positioning may improve the likelihood of macular hole closure, particularly for holes larger than 400 μm. These results support the case for a RCT.     

In vitro Study of Apically Extruded Debris and Irrigant Following the Use of Conventional and Rotary Instrumentation Techniques

The complete preparation of the root canal space is one of the most important stages in endodontic treatment. While the root canal space is being prepared, debris, irrigant, necrotic tissue or bacteria may be extruded into the periapical region, leading to periapical inflammation and postoperative flare-ups. The aim of this study is to compare in vitro the amount of debris and irrigant extruded apically after a root canal preparation, using two instrumentation techniques--the conventional hand ＂step back＂ technique with SS K-files and the engine-driven ＂crown down＂ technique with Ni-Ti K3 files. Two groups of 20 extracted teeth with single canals were used. In group 1 （10 teeth）, the root canals were instrumented using a ＂step back＂ technique and stainless steel K-files. In group 2 （10 teeth）, the root canals were instrumented using a ＂crown-down＂ technique and nickel-titanium K3 rotary instruments. Debris and irrigant extruded from the apical foramen during instrumentation were collected into vials and the amounts were measured. The debris extruded through the apical foramen in group 1 （K-files） was 0.400 mg and in group 2 （K3 files）--0.225 mg. The volume of the extruded irrigant was 0.443 mL in group 1 and 0.247 mL in group 2. The time taken for instrumentation was 13 min for the step back technique and 8.7 min for the crown-down technique. There is a significant difference in the amount of debris and irrigant produced between the two groups. During biomechanical preparation of the root canal space, debris and irrigant were extruded through the apical foramen by both instrumentation techniques.     

β-arrestin-2通过上调PI3K/Akt信号抑制自噬以减轻小鼠肝脏缺血-再灌注损伤

目的  验证β-arrestin-2是否通过上调PI3K/Akt信号抑制自噬对小鼠肝脏缺血-再灌注损伤（IRI）发挥保护作用。方法  将C57BL/6背景的β-arrestin-2基因敲除（KO）及野生型（WT）小鼠各12只,随机分为KO小鼠假手术组（KO+sham组）,KO小鼠IRI组（KO+IRI组）,WT小鼠假手术组（WT+sham组）和WT小鼠IRI组（WT+IRI组）,每组各6只。分别建立70%肝脏IRI模型或进行假手术处理,于肝脏再灌注或手术后6 h进行相关研究。采用免疫组织化学（免疫组化）染色检测凋亡信号蛋白裂解半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶3（cleaved Caspase-3）、增殖信号蛋白Ki-67及PI3K/Akt通路信号蛋白p-Akt的表达。结果  免疫组化染色结果显示,与相应的sham组比较,KO+IRI组和WT+IRI组小鼠肝组织中的cleaved Caspase-3、Ki-67和p-Akt阳性细胞计数均增加（均为P < 0.01）;与WT+IRI组比较,KO+IRI组小鼠肝组织中cleaved Caspase-3阳性细胞计数增加,Ki-67和p-Akt阳性细胞计数均减少（均为P < 0.05）。结论  β-arrestin-2可减轻小鼠IRI后肝细胞凋亡、促进其损伤修复,其通过上调PI3K/Akt信号抑制自噬来减轻小鼠肝脏IRI。     

老年人跌倒危险因素及预防研究进展

阐述老年人跌倒发生情况,并从内部因素和外部因素综述老年人跌倒的危险因素以及预防措施的研究进展。     

连柏散联合中药熏洗坐浴治疗湿热下注型宫颈柱状上皮异位伴阴道炎

目的 观察连柏散联合中药熏洗坐浴治疗湿热下注型宫颈柱状上皮异位伴有阴道炎的临床疗效.方法选取2014年6月-2016年6月我院收治的宫颈柱状上皮异位伴有阴道炎患者70例,采用随机数字表随机分为2组,各35例,对照组给予常规药物治疗和普通温水熏洗坐浴护理,试验组在对照组基础上加用连柏散联合中药熏洗坐浴护理,7 d为1个疗程,护理2个疗程.观察宫颈柱状上皮异位面积大小、阴道清洁度、中医症状改善情况并计算总有效率.结果经护理后,2组均可减少阴道分泌物中白细胞及杂菌,改善阴道炎症状,但试验组优于对照组(P<0.05);2组宫颈柱状上皮异位面积均有所缩小,但试验组缩小情况更为显著(P<0.05);2组中医症状积分均有所下降,但试验组下降程度更为明显(P<0.05);试验组护理后总有效率为82.9%明显高于对照组的68.6%(P<0.05).结论连柏散联合中药熏洗坐浴护理治疗宫颈柱状上皮异位伴有阴道炎,具有托毒排脓、敛肌收口的功效,可刺激病变部位组织修复,可明显改善局部症状.     

头低位卧床及饮用含电解银离子水对肠道双歧杆菌的影响

目的观察头低位卧床以及电解银离子 (航天饮用水消毒剂之一 )对肠道双歧杆菌的影响。方法1) 5名健康男性青年进行 2 1d的头低位 - 6°卧床实验 ,收集卧床前后的粪便 ,测双歧杆菌数量。 2 ) 4组小鼠分别饮用不含银纯净水、银含量为 0 .2 0、0 .40、0 .60mg/L的饮水 1月 ,测肠粪中双歧杆菌的数量。3 ) 7名健康男性志愿者 ,连续饮用含银量 0 .2 0mg/L的饮水 16d ,取实验前、饮水第 3、10、16天的粪便 ,测双歧杆菌数量。结果 1 )卧床后被试者粪中双歧杆菌的数量 (lgn/g)较卧床前呈显著性减少 (P <0 .0 1)。 2 )小鼠肠粪混合样中的双歧杆菌数 (lgn/g)与饮水中的银离子含量呈显著性负相关 (r =- 0 .992 ,P <0 .0 1)。 3 )被试者饮用含银离子水后粪中双歧杆菌的含量较饮用前呈显著性减少 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论头低位卧床及饮用含电解银离子水均能导致肠道双歧杆菌数量的减少     

模拟失重状态人脑波频率涨落分析

目的探讨短期模拟失重对人脑 7～ 1 2Hz频段脑波频率涨落特征的影响 ,为航天员脑功能选拔及训练监测提供功能性评价方法。方法 - 6°头低位卧床 (HDBR)模拟失重状态 ,记录 1 2名 1 8～ 2 2岁男性正常成人卧床前、卧床期间 (第 3、4、6天 )及恢复期 (卧床结束后第 3天 )清醒闭眼安静状态的EEG ,利用脑波频率涨落分析技术分析 7、8、9、1 0、1 1、1 2Hz 6个频率成分的优势涨落特征。结果卧床前 ,枕顶区优势涨落顺序为 1 0、9、1 1Hz;额颞区 1 0、9Hz竞争主优势成分 ,7Hz位居第 3。卧床后 ,各频率成分之间的主次地位和相互关系发生显著的可逆性变化 ,且所涉及的频率成分及脑区逐渐扩展 ,7、8Hz优势显著上升 ,1 0、1 1Hz优势显著下降 ,枕顶及后颞区 9、1 0Hz竞争主优势成分 ,7Hz位居第 3 ;额区及前颞区主次优势频率为 9、7Hz(F4为 7、9Hz) ,1 0Hz位居第 3。结论模拟失重导致脑波 7～ 1 2Hz频段频率涨落竞争结构显著改变 ,脑调节机能变差 ,易导致发作性头痛等临床症状 ,对脑功能造成潜在影响