Premature Ejaculation,True or False? Clinical evaluation of PE patients with multiple intercourse in one day

Clinical characteristics of 216 adult males previously diagnosed with premature ejaculation (PE) were studied. Using a survey questionnaire, characteristics included intravaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT), penile hardness scores and the refractory period (RP). Ninety-four PE patients reported they had experienced vaginal intercourse more than once (2 to 4 times) in one day (~44%). IELT was significantly increased at the second and subsequent intercourses, and IIEF-15 (International Index of Erectile Function-15) and relevant subclass scores were markedly improved compared to their first intercourse and also compared to the single intercourse group in this cohort study. Overall sexual satisfaction was achieved in the PE patients with multiple intercourse experiences. The same trend was observed in both the patients diagnosed with lifelong and acquired PE. Based on the evidence, the argument is that the PE patients who were diagnosed using their performance at the first intercourse but who have the ability to participate in multiple vaginal intercourses in one day are unlikely to be true PE. The false PE may account for over 40% of PE patients diagnosed by current guidelines and definitions.     

Comparison of the efficacy of low-intensity shock wave therapy and its combination with platelet-rich plasma in patients with erectile dysfunction

We aimed to compare the efficacy of low-intensity shock wave therapy (Li-SWT) alone and its combination with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in the treatment of patients with erectile dysfunction (ED). Between January 2015 and October 2020, patients who did not benefit from the use of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5i; 5 mg/day) for at least 3 months and underwent Li-SWT or Li-SWT with PRP were evaluated retrospectively. There were 93 patients who were subjected to Li-SWT only (Group 1) and 91 patients subjected to Li-SWT with PRP (Group 2). Analysis of the International Index of Erectile Function-Erectile Function Area (IIEF-EF) scores showed a significant increase in both the groups post-treatment (Group 1: from 14.33 ± 4.39 to 23.8 ± 4.37, p = .001; Group 2: from 17.82 ± 3.44 to 26.3 ± 2.55, p = .001). When the increase in the IIEF-EF scores was compared pre- and post-treatment between the groups with respect to the ED grades, there was no statistically significant difference between them. Furthermore, while the intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT) in successfully treated patients of Group 1 remained the same, Group 2 presented 1.5–3.5 times (mean, 2.4) prolongation. Their mean IELT score showed an increase from 2.2 (0.8–3.5) min to 5.3 (2.8–10.5) min. Our study shows that combination treatment of Li-SWT with PRP injections is not only safe for patients with ED, but also effective and safe in prolonging the IELT.     

Effects of various direct or indirect dopamine agonists on the latency of the acoustic startle response in rats

Summary The effects of dopamine agonists were investigated on the latency of the acoustic startle response in male Wistar rats. Four indirect dopamine agonits were tested: GBR 12783 (5–20mg/kg), BTCP (5–20mg/kg), dexamphetamine (3–6mg/kg) and L-DOPA 100 mg/kg associated with benserazide 25 mg/kg; they induced an increase in startle latency. Apomorphine at a dose (50 g/kg) known to decrease dopaminergic transmissions, was ineffective on the startle response. On the contrary, at 0.6 or 2 mg/kg, apomorphine induced an increase in the startle latency. A similar effect was observed with bromocriptine at 10 mg/kg from the 10th min up to at least the 9th hour after treatment. The specific agonist of D2 receptors Ru 24926 (0.45 mg/kg) enhanced the startle latency as well as the specific agonist of D1 receptors SKF 38393 (10 mg/kg). The association of these drugs resulted in an apparent additivity of their individual effects. The effect of apomorphine (0.6 mg/kg) was only partially reduced by a high dose of the specific D2 antagonist amisulpride (80 mg/kg) and more clearly antagonized by the specific D1 antagonist SCH 23390 (50 g/kg). It is concluded that D2 and D1 receptors contribute to the increase in startle latency elicited by direct or indirect dopamine agonists.     

The a- and b-wave latencies as a prognostic indicator of neovascularisation in central retinal vein occlusion

To evaluate the prognostic value of ERG in cases of central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) regarding the development of neovascularisation (NV), we studied 20 patients with unilateral CRVO. Half of them were allocated in the perfused group and the other 10 finally developed NV and were allocated in the non-perfused group. Flash ERG was recorded from all patients. Our findings suggest that b-wave latency is the most reliable parameter in predicting NV, followed by the a-wave latency. The b/a wave amplitude of ERG ratio does not seem to be suitable for clinical use. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Interpeak latency of auditory event-related potentials (P300) in senile depression and dementia of the Alzheimer type

Most studies on event-related potentials (ERP) in psychiatric illness or dementia have focused on the single-peak latency of ERP components. In the present study, not only peak latencies of ERP components (N1, P2, N2, and P3) but also interpeak latencies (IPL; N1-P2, P2-N2, and N2-P3) were analyzed using the auditory oddball task. Thirty-five senile depressed patients and 34 patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) were compared to 39 age-matched healthy volunteers. The mean latencies of P2 and P3 were shorter in patients with senile depression than in controls. In DAT patients, the N2 and P3 latencies were longer. When the IPL was assessed, however, only the mean IPL of N1-P2 was shorter in patients with senile depression, while the P2-N2 IPL were longer in those with DAT. The IPL results suggest that in senile depression the early cognitive process is hastened and in DAT the middle process is disturbed. Based on these results, we conclude that IPL of the auditory ERP might be used to reveal the disturbed steps within the cognitive process.     

Endomorphin-1 and endomorphin-2 induce the expression of c-FOS immunoreactivity in the rat brain

Using FOS immunoreactivity (FOSir) as an anatomical marker of neuronal activation, we examined the effects of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injections of endomorphin-1 (EM-1) and endomorphin-2 (EM-2) in the rat brain to determine the sites of action of these two mu-opioid ligands. Radiant heat tail flick latency, as a measure of behavioral effects, was prolonged by either EM-1 or EM-2 administration. Dose-dependent EM-1- and EM-2-induced FOSir were observed in various nuclei throughout the rostral-caudal axis of the rat brain. While there was some overlap, EM-1-induced FOSir was more prevalent than EM-2. The pattern of EM-induced FOSir was similar to the distribution of EM immunoreactivity (EMir). However, some sites with little or no detectable EMir exhibited FOSir, while other nuclei with marked EMir showed only sparse FOSir. EM-induced FOSir was correlated with mu-opioid receptor location in most brain areas. However, EM-induced FOSir was absent in the caudate putamen and the accumbens nucleus, both areas of high mu-opioid receptor density.     

Natural Course of Silicosis in Dust-exposed Workers

Silica-containing dust and silicosis have beenattracting more and more attention with numerousresearches worldwide[1 ,2], especially in China .However ,few studies have been conducted con-cerning the criteria of the period and content ofmedical examination of health surveillance for dust-exposed workers[3]. Since 1986 an epidemiologicalstudy onthe relation of silica dust exposure ,silico-sis and lung cancer was jointly made by TongjiMedical College , US National Cancer Institute andthe US …     

Age-Related Morphological Changes in Auditory Middle-Latency Response

Age-related changes in the waveforms of the middle latency response (MLR) were investigated in 9 adults and 28 children aged between 4 and 14 years. The children were classified into three groups according to their age. For obtaining characteristic configurations in the responses for each group, composite group averaging was performed by sum-mating the individual recordings in each group. With high-pass digital filtering at 20 Hz, composite MLR for adults showed a well-defined Na-Pa-Nb-Pb complex with peak latencies at about 17, 30, 45 and 63 ms, respectively. The composite response for children aged 4-7 years was characterized by a broad positive deflection (Pa) followed by a negative peak (Nb) at about 40 and 60 ms after stimulus onset, respectively. The peak latency of Pa was close to the adult value in the composite MLR for subjects aged 8-11 years, while the complete adult pattern in the later part of the response was not reached even in the composite response for subjects aged 12-14 years.     

N1 Latencies of the Slow Auditory Evoked Potential

Several studies have been published concerning the relation between stimulus level and amplitude of the slow auditory evoked response. Little attention has, however, been given to the relation between level and latency of the N₁ component (100-200 ms). A mathematical model of such a relation is proposed based on the assumption of an exponential relationship. The model has been tested on normally hearing subjects as well as on patients with sensorineural lesions, cochlear as well as retrocochlear. The results indicate that the proposed method of evaluating the slow evoked responses offers a way of threshold extrapolation with rather good accuracy. It also appears to be useful in determining the type of hearing loss